3b. Udararoga (Udara disease) in the Caraka-saṃhitā

On the other hand, Caraka Saṃhitā has a minute description of Udara disease. Śotha and Udara are diseases having a common symptom of swelling and oedema. In sutra 9/3 several types of Udara disease have been scientifically discussed. The abdominal diseases result from the imbalance of digestive enzymes that causes abnormal metabolism. Contaminated food may cause indigestion that aggravates doṣas that causes problems of Prāṇa or vāyu and Agni or enzymes which leads to abstractive movement both upwards and downwards. The diseases created by Agni doṣa arise from suppressive digestion and metabolism. This gives rise to three doṣas which lead to gastroenterological diseases. Contaminated food is the main cause of these doṣas. There are three doṣas, namely Vāyu, Pitta, and Kapha. Vāyu is of two types-namely–Prāṇa and Apāna.

The general symptoms of Udararoga are distention in the sides of the abdomen, gurgling noise, oeadema in the legs and hands, suppression of the power of digestion, smoothness of the chin and emaciation^[1].

Aṣṭāṅga Hṛdayaṃ suggests that all type of stomach ailments is caused by mandāgni because of aggravated Dhātus, causing abnormalities in this Prāṇa, Agni and Apāna. The eight kinds of doṣas are plīha, baddha, kṣata and Udaka^[2].

The stomach diseases are caused by several factors which include intake of excessively hot, salty, alkaline, pungent, sour, poisonous food and drinks; abnormal diet and drinks intake; taking Contradictory and unhygienic food items; improper application of pañcakarma therapy; untreated diseases of the gastroenterological system; Suppression of the manifested natural urges; Vitiation of the channels of circulation; untreated dysentery (Ama); the presence of piles and constipation; excess of nourishment; involvement in sinful acts^[3].

The symptoms of Udararoga are compromised power of digestion, difficulty in digestion, burning sensation in the stomach, bloating, intolerance of excess food, swelling of legs, loss of strength, shortness of breath, excess production of tools, lower abdomen pain and body ache, visible network of veins, absence of belly folds^[4].

The Udara diseases in human beings are caused by the accumulation of dosas that obstruct the Srotas (channels) that vitiate Prāṇa vāyu and Agni. There are eight kinds of Udara disease like Vātodara, Pittodara, Kaphodara, Sānnipātikodara, Plīhodara, Baddhodara, Kṣatodara, and Udakodara (Jalodara)^[5]. Śāraṅgadhara Saṃhitā describes eight types of abdominal disorders like Vātaja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Sannipātaja, Jalaja, Plīhaja, Kṣataja and Baddhagudaja^[6].

As told earlier, aggravation of vāyu is caused by several factors including intake of contaminated food, less quantity of food, exertion, suppression of the manifested natural urges, the upward movement of wind in the abdomen, weakness due to fasting. The aggravated vāyu stimulates Kapha that obstructs the movement of vāyu causing it to get trapped between the skin and muscle tissue of the abdomen which causes bloating.

The signs and symptoms of vātika type of Udara include swelling of abdomen hands, legs, and scrotum; cracks in abdomen; stomach pain and chest pain; the upward movement of wind in the abdomen; dry cough, weakness, anorexia, emaciation, weakness, indigestion, malaise, and cracking pain in the phalanges, irregular bowel movement; greyishness and reddishness of nails, face, eyes, skin, urine, and stools; the visible black network of veins on abdomen; flatulence^[7].

The signs and symptoms of Paittika type of Udararoga are burning sensation, feeling high temperature, thirst, fainting, loose motion, and nausea; pungent taste in mouth; greenishness and yellowishness of nails, eyes, face, skin, urine, and stool; visible networks of the vein with blue, yellow, green, and coppery colour; the condition gets converted to Jalodara because of immediate maturation of the process of kṣiprapāka^[8].

The signs and symptoms of Kaphodara are heaviness, anorexia, indigestion, and malaise; numbness; nausea, excessive sleep, cough, and dyspnoea; the whiteness of nails, eyes, face, skin, urine, and stool; the net-work of veins white in colour; swelling hands, legs, scrotum, and thighs^[9].

The aggravated vāta, pitta, and Kapha are caused by taking half-cooked, contradictory, or heavy food by a person with the digesting system; eating unwholesome food, and slow poisoning. All of the above cause Udara diseases. The symptoms of Sānnipātikodara are signs and symptoms of three dosas, a visible network of veins on the abdomen with different colours^[10]. The disease of Plīhodara is caused by overeating of irritating food, excess travelling and riding vehicle, excessive sexual activity, heavy weight lifting, etc. Spleen also gets augmented due to the increase of rasa. This leads to the disease of Plīhodara. The splenic enlargement is caused by cyuta vṛddhi which are of four types, namely, Vātika, Paittika, Kaphaja, and Sānnipātika^[11]. In this way, splenic disorders are of five types. The common symptoms of the disease are as follow–weakness, anorexia, indigestion, retention of stool and urine, entering into darkness, excessive thirst, malaise, vomiting, fainting, prostration, cough, dyspnoea, mild fever, immobility of wind in the abdomen, loss of the power of digestion, emaciation, distaste in the mouth, pain in the finger joints, distention of alimentary tract by wind and colic pain; reddishness of discolouration of the abdomen; and appearance of net-work of veins having blue, green or yellow^[12]. Similar signs and symptoms are visible in the case of yakṛddālyudara or liver enlargement disease. The treatment of this disease is quite the same as Plīhodara.

Baddhagudodara is caused by aggravated vāyu because of obstruction in the passage of the rectum, because of intake of small hair such as eye-lashes with food; the upward movement of air in the intestine; piles; antrasammūrcchana; and blockage in the passage of Apāna vāyu. The aggravation of vāyu causes suppression of Agni or the digestive enzymes and the obstruction of faeces, pitta, and Kapha with leads to stomach swelling and blockage of intestinal movement. Baddhagudodara has the following symptoms—abnormal thirst, the sensation of burning, temperature, dryness of mouth, weakness, anorexia, indigestion, constipation, stiffness in the stomach, vomiting, sneezing, headache, stomach pain close to heart, no peristaltic movement in the abdomen, visible network of veins, reddish and blue^[13].

The signs and symptoms of Chidrodara are leakages of the intestine, due to inducing sand, grass, wood, bone, and nails with food, yawning, and eating food in heavy amounts. The paste of food comes out of the wound outside the intestine and causes Chidrodara or acute abdominal swelling. The signs and symptoms of Chidrodara are swelling of the abdomen below the umbilical area; stool, red, blue, yellow with the smell of dead body; hiccup, dyspnoea, cough, heavy thirst, urinary disorder, anorexia, indigestion, and weakness^[14].

The liquid form of food leaked from the intestine gets accumulated in the lower abdomen causing Udakodara. The digestive enzyme gets diluted because of excessive drinking of water which causes the vāyu getting interrupted with Kapha and Udaka dhātu or liquid elements of the body that causes Udakodara or Ascites^[15]. In western language, ‘Kloman’ is called pancreas, according to Āyurveda ‘Kloman’ is called place of thirst^[16]. The aggravated Kapha and vāyu cause unnatural thirst and the patient takes a large quantity of water. This disease has the following symptoms–excessive thirst, anorexia, stomach pain, cough, discharge from the anus, visible network of veins on the abdomen, shaking or tremor swelling of the lower abdomen^[17].

The symptom also includes abnormal swelling of the sides of the abdomen. This disease has two stages—in the first stage the accumulated water does not take place in the abdomen and is called the ajātodaka stage^[18].

After maturing of doṣas they become liquefied of nature. The patient suffers from the following complications–vomiting, diarrhoea, morbid thirst, dyspnoea, cough, hiccup, debility, chest pain, anorexia, and anuria. This condition is incurable, with the use of poisonous drugs and painful therapies including surgical intervention^[19].

There are six types of Udara disease like Vātodara, Pittodara, Kaphodara, Plīhodara, Sannipātodara, and Udakodara. After fifteen days Baddhagudodara generally turns out to be incurable. Udakodara in its Jatakodaka stages and Chidrodara are untreatable from the beginning^[20].

The symptoms usually include swollen eyes, sticky and thin skin, curved pudendum, weakness, blood, muscle tissue as well as Agni. The symptoms suggest the disease is untreatable. The complications such as multi-organ swelling, dyspnoea, hiccup, anorexia, morbid thirst, fainting, vomiting, and diarrhoea cause death of the patient suffering from Udara disease.

The signs and symptoms of Ajātodaka are no swelling or less at swelling, reddish colour of the abdomen, hollow sound in the abdomen, the heaviness of abdomen, gurgling sound, network of veins, appear on the abdomen, movement of wind from the rectum, stomach pain and pain in the heart region, inguinal region, lumbar region and anus, scanty urine and hard stool^[21].

The patient suffering from Udararoga caused by the aggravation of vāyu should be treated with oleation and fomentation therapy with purgatives. After the removal of the doṣas, the abdomen of the patient should be tightly wrapped with a cloth^[22]. Udararoga is caused by excessive accumulation of faecal matter in the gastrointestinal tract. So, purgation therapy is very necessary. The patient should be given milk, to gain strength, then vegetable soup and meat soup with little amounts of sour drugs and salt for regaining appetite. In the case of flatulence, fomentation and oleation therapies should be given followed by Āsthāpana. In case of itching sensation, cramps, pain in joints, bones, sides of the chest, back, and lumbar region the patient should be administered with Anuvāsana type of enema. In such cases, castor oil or sesame oil boiled with sour drugs should be applied to remove vāyu. If the patient is not suitable for purgation therapy then he should be given medicated ghee, vegetable therapies, massage therapy, Anuvāsana type of enema, and milk boiled with vāyu alleviating drugs^[23].

Initially, a strong patient shuttering from Paittika type of Udararoga should be given purgation therapy. Otherwise in case of a weak patient, elimination therapy, such as Anuvāsana type of enema (drugs boiled in milk) should be administered^[24]. Thus, when the patient regains his strength of digestion and metabolism, oleation followed by purgation should be administered. The same should be prepared with milk boiled with the paste of Trivṛt and castor seed; milk boiled with sātalā and trāyamāṇā; milk boiled with Āragvadha. In the case of Udararoga caused by Kapha and pitta milk should be used with cow urine. In the case of Udararoga caused by pitta and vāyu Purgation should be prepared with Tiktaka ghṛta with Trivṛt. Milk medicated enema and purgation therapy should be applied repeatedly.

In the case of Kaphaja type of Udararoga oleation, fomentation and elimination therapy should be applied followed by lighter to heavier food gradually added with pungent drugs, alkalis to cereals^[25]. Anti-Kapha such as cow urine, Ariṣṭa powders, Ayaskṛti, medicated oil, infused with alkalies should be applied. For the patient suffering from Sānnipātika kind of Udararoga, the treatment of Vātodara, Pittodara, and Kaphodara are to be applied together^[26].

Because of the upward movement of vāyu (Udāvarta) colic pain, burning sensation, thirst, fever, anorexia, the patient should be given oleation, fomentation, purgation, nirūha, and Anuvāsana therapies should be applied with the recipe of–Six pala of ghṛta, pippalī, abhayā mixed with jaggery and kṣāras and ariṣṭas. The alleviation therapy follows the recipe of one-part Pippalī powder, one-part Nāgara, one-part Dantī, one-part Citraka, two-part Abhayā, and one-part Viḍaṅga; an equal quantity of Viḍaṅga, Citraka, Śuṇṭhi, ghee, rock-salt, Vacā, kept in a sealed earthen plate and burned to ashes to cure gulma and Plīhodara when taken with milk; stems of Rohītaka, small pieces added with the crushed pulp of Harītakī soaked in water or cow urine fermented of seven-night to cure kāmalā, gulma, meha, piles, Plīhodara and all type of Udararogas and Kṛmi to cure similar disease followed by a soup of meat from animals of the arid zone and the bark of Rohītaka and kola boiled with water mixed with Pippalī mūla, cavya, Citraka, Nāgara, and ghee^[27].

Agni-karma should be administered to the patients suffering from aggravated vāyu and Kapha. For aggravated pitta Jīvanīya ghṛta, Kṣīra-Basti, blood-letting elimination therapies, light purgation therapy should be applied. The treatment of Plīhodara and Yakṛdudara is the same. The patient should be given lighter to heavier food gradually^[28].

In the case of Baddhodara, fomentation therapy should be applied followed by nirūha and Anuvāsana by adding cow urine, sharp drugs, oil, and salt followed by strong purgative^[29]. Oil and salt are the two essential ingredients of nirūha.

The treatment of Chidrodara is much similar to that of Kaphodara^[30]. But fomentation therapy should not be applied in the case of Chidrodara, but palliative treatment should be provided in such cases. The patient suffering from the Udakodara should be given therapies containing cow urine, sharp drugs, and different types of alkalies^[31]. He should be given digestive stimulant food to treat Kapha. The disease of Udara and its various types are mostly caused by doṣas, so, therapies to remove three doṣas should be applied in such cases.

In the case of the abdomen (especially, the lower abdomen) suffering from dosas causing Agni or the power of digestion affected, the patient should be given food that is easy to digest and stimulant digestive power. Food such as śāli, a type of red rice, barley, moong dal, meat derived from animals and birds of the arid zone, milk, cow’s urine, Āsava, Ariṣṭa, honey, Sidhu, surā, Yavāgu, boiled rice with roots of Bilva, Śyonāka, Gambhārī, Pāṭalī, Gaṇikārikā, ghee, oil, sharp drugs with vegetable or meat soup should be given. The patient should avoid meat (both aquatic and marshy land), leafy vegetables, pastries, sesame seed, exercise, long-distance walking, day sleep, and travelling by fast-moving vehicles, avoid hot, saline, and sour food. This patient should not take water^[32].

Fat–free thin buttermilk is useful for obstinate abdominal disorders. In the case of Sānnipātika type of Udara roga, the patient should be given butter-milk mixed with Śuṇṭhi, Pippalī and Marica, alkalies, and rock-salt^[33]. In Vātika the type of Udara roga butter-milk with Pippalī and rock-salt is useful^[34]. In Paittika type of Udara roga buttermilk with sugar and powder of madhuka is useful^[35]. In the case of Kaphaja type of Udararoga butter-milk added with Yavānī, rock-salt, Ajājī, trikaṭu (Śuṇṭhi, Pippalī, Marica) mixed with honey should be administered^[36].

The patient suffering from Plīhodara should be given butter-milk with honey, oil, powder of Vacā, Śuṇṭhi, Śatāhvā, Kuṣṭha, and rock-salt. In the case of Udakodara butter-milk with powder of Śuṇṭhi, Pippalī and Marica should be administered^[37]. For Baddhodara, butter-milk with Hapuṣā, Yavānī, Ajājī, and rock-salt should be administered^[38]. Butter-milk along with Pippalī and honey should be administered in the case of Chidrodara^[39]. In cases of aggravated vāyu and Kapha butter-milk works like a miracle.

In cases of oedema in Udara roga, Ānāha pain, thirst, fainting, camel milk is very useful. After the cleansing of the body cow milk, goat milk and buffalo milk are effective^[40]. Patients suffering from Udararoga should be applied the paste of Devadāru Palāśa, Arka, Gaja-Pippalī, Śigru, and Aśvagandhā with cow urine over the abdomen. Vṛścikālī, Vacā, Kuṣṭha, pañcamūlā which include Bilva, Śyonāka, Gambhārī, Pippalī, Gaṇikārikā, Punarṇavā, Bhūtika, Nāgara, Dhānyaka should be boiled together to sprinkle over the abdomen. In the same way mixture of Palāśa, Kattṛṇa, and Rāsnā should be sprinkled over the abdomen. The patient suffering from the Udararoga should be given eight types of urine to drink and sprinkled over the abdomen^[41]. The patient suffering from the Udararoga with dryness and excess of vāyu should be administered in elimination therapy with medicated ghee. This ghee should be prepared with the following way–paste of half pala of Pippalī, Pippalī mūla, Cavya, Citraka, Nāgara and Yavakṣāra and half tulā of Bilva, Śyonāka, Gambhārī, Pāṭalī, Agnimantha Pṛśniparṇī, Śālaparṇī, Bṛhatī, Kaṇṭakāri, Gokṣura and one ādhaka of dadhi-maṇḍa. This preparation is helpful to cure obstinate abdominal disorders including oedema, vātavīṣṭambha, gulma, and piles^[42].

The paste of Nāgara and triphalā and butter-milk should be cooked with one part of ghee and one part of Tila oil to cure the same disease and gulma caused by aggressive Kapha and vāyu.

Ghee, water, cow urine, the paste of Citraka and Yavakṣāra should be prepared together to cure abdominal diseases^[43]. Ghee should be cooked with Yava, kola, Kulattha, and Pañcamūla with surā and Sauvīra to be applied to the patients suffering from abdominal diseases^[44]. With the application of this medicine, the patient is oleated and he regains strength in his body when the aggravated vāyu in his body gets alleviated and he gets rid of doṣas. This process of treatment may be followed by purgation therapy.

The patient should be given the mixture of Paṭola root, Rajanī, Viḍaṅga, Harītakī, Bibhītaka, Āmalakī, Kampillaka, Nilinī, Trivṛt with cow urine for purgation. Thereafter the patient should be given meat soup. For the next six days, the patient should be given maṇḍa or peyā mixed with milk, boiled with Śuṇṭhi, pippalī, and Marica. This is called Paṭolādya Cūrṇa, and it is very beneficial in the treatment of all types of Udararoga^[45]. The same treatment is useful for the treatment of jaundice, anemia, and oedema.

In the case of Udararoga, the powder of Gavāksī, Śaṅkhinī, Dantī, Tilvaka, Vacā with cow urine, the decoction of Drākṣā, juice of kola, Karkandhu or śīdhu^[46], one part of Yavānī, Hapuṣā, Dhānya, Triphalā, Upakuñcikā, Kārvī, Pippalī mūla, Ajagandhā, Śaṭī, Vacā, Śatāhvā, Jīraka, Trikaṭu, Suvarṇakṣīrī, Citraka, Yavakṣāra, Svarjikṣara, Puṣkara mūla, Kuṣṭha, Lavaṇa pañcaka, and Viḍaṅga, three parts of Dantī two parts of Trivṛt and Viśāla, and four-part of sātalā should be taken to make a powder which is called Nārāyaṇa Cūrṇa. For Udara roga Narayana Cūrṇa should be given with butter-milk. For gulma, this powder should be given with juice of Badara. For ānaddhavāta, it should be mixed with surā. For vāyu, it should be given with Prasannā. For Viḍaṅga the powder should be given with Dadhimaṇḍa. For piles, it should be mixed with Dāḍima. In the case of indigestion, the powder should be applied with hot water. In the diseases such as Bhagandara, Pāṇḍuroga, asthma, bronchitis, galagraha, heart disease, sprue syndrome, Kuṣṭha, indigestion, fever, biting of Animal, mūla viṣa, garaviṣa, kṛtrimaviṣa the patient should be given oleation therapy with the above preparation for purgation^[47].

A powder should be made with Hapuṣā, Kāñcanakṣīrī, triphalā (Harītakī, Bibhītaka, and Āmalakī), Kaṭurohinī, Nīlinī, Trāyamāṇā, Sātalā, Trivṛt, Vacā, Saindhava, Kālalavaṇa (biḍa-lavaṇa) and Pippalī. This powder should be mixed with the juice of Dāḍima, triphalā, meat soup, cow’s urine or hot water, to treat all type of gulma, Plīhodara and another type of stomach disease, Leucoderma, Kuṣṭha, indigestion, pain and flatulence, oedema, piles, anemia, jaundice, halīmaka, etc.^[48] Another powder should be made with the ingredients such as Nīlinī, Nicula, trikaṭu (Śuṇṭhi, Pippalī, and Marica), Yavakṣāra, Svarjikṣāra, pañcalavaṇa (Sauvarcala, Saindhava, Viḍa, audbhida, and Sāmudra) and Citraka and mixed with ghee to cure abdominal disorder and gulma^[49]. Cow’s ghee and cow’s milk should be cooked adding the paste made of milky latex of snuhī and Trivṛt. This mixture is useful to treat Gulma. Ghee should be cooked with a water-soaked out from curd and the latex of snuhī to cure Udararoga^[50].

After the purgation, the patient should be given lukewarm water duly boiled with ginger and cooked with the paste of Pīlu to cure any abdominal distension. To cure gulma, Nalini ghṛta should be administered. In the case of abdominal disorder, Miśraka Sneha should be administrated^[51]. After the elimination of vitiated doṣas, the patient should be given the meat of animals of the arid zone. To eliminate residual doṣas the patient should be given the following medicine -The paste of Citraka and Devadāru with milk; power of Gaja Pippalī and Śuṇṭhi with milk; boil milk with Viḍaṅga, Citraka, Dantī, Cavya, trikaṭu; decoction of Harītakī, Bibhītaka and Āmalakī, Dantī and Rohītaka with Śuṇṭhi, Pippalī and Marica with Yavakṣāra and meat soup; meat with Sudhākṣīra ghṛta; cow urine with Harītakī followed by milk along with cereal; buffalo urine for one week; buffalo milk; camel milk with powder of trikaṭu; goat milk with powder of trikaṭu; one thousand foods of Harītakī, Śilājatu with milk, guggulu with milk; green ginger juice with milk; ginger juice with Tila oil, for cure of colic pain; oil derived from the seed of Sarala, Madhuśigru, Mūlaka for Vātodara; ariṣṭas, kṣāras; Pippalyādi kṣāra–Pippalī, Tilvaka, Hiṅgu, Śuṇṭhi, Gaja pippalī, Bhallātaka, fruit of Śigru, triphalā (Harītakī, Bibhītaka and Āmalakī), Kaṭurohinī, Devadāru, Haridrā, Dāruharidrā, Saralā, Ativiṣa, Vacā, Kuṣṭha, Mustā and Pañcalavaṇa along with madirā, Dadhimaṇḍa, hot water, Ariṣṭa, surā, Āsava; dilution of cow urine with ashes of goat stool with pippalī-mūla, pañcalavaṇa, Pippalī, Citraka, Śuṇṭhi, triphalā, Trivṛt, Vacā, Yavakṣāra, Svarjikṣāra, Sātalā, Dantī, Suvarṇakṣīrī and viṣāṇikā; sugar cane juice; Śaṅkhinī snuhī, Trivṛt, Dantī, Cirabilva etc.^[52]

According to RasendrasāraSaṅgraha, Tāmra bhasma is very affective in Udararoga which is used along with śuddha pārada, śuddha gandhaka, śuddha śilājatu, śuddha vatsanābhi, Marica, Śuṇṭhi, Pippalī, Citraka, Kākoli, Nirguṇḍī, Muṣali and Ajamodā, homey etc. Jayapāla caused purgation^[53].

The patient suffering from Śūla, Hṛdgraha because of aggravated vāyu should be given oil cooked with Bilva kṣāra and also oil cooked with kṣāra of either of Agnimantha, Śyonāka, Palāśa, the stem of Tila, Kadalī or apāmārga for curing Udara rogas. This medicine cures the pain caused by the stiffness aggravated by vāyu^[54].

The occluded Kapha either by vāyu or pitta castor oil added with appropriate drugs should be administered. In the case of flatulence after proper purgation nirūha, Basti should be applied and also medicated enema therapy prepared with tīkṣṇa drugs, alkalies, and cow urine should be given^[55].

If the patient is beyond treatable a cobra should be engaged to bite a fruit to ejaculate its venom. Their patient should be given the fruit to eat. This way all doṣas will be accumulated and when the aggravated doṣas are eliminated, the patient should be given milk or thick gruel in inadequate quantity depending upon the patient’s strength. The next one month the patient is prohibited to take cereal, barley, vāstuka, kālaśāka. The leafy vegetables should be taken after boiling. The patient should be given the juice of the above plants if the patient feels thirsty. In this way, the accumulated doṣas will be eliminated^[56].

There are two stages in Udara roga, namely, ajātodaka. However, before the administration of snake venom, the patient may be clarified of its consequences^[57].

The surgeon should make the incision in the left pelvic region below the umbilicus having four fingers breadth of space. The intestine then should be carefully examined for strangulation and perforation. The furnish bodies should be removed. The cut portion of the intestine should be bitten with big-black-ants and the head of the ants should be removed. And the wound should be stitched properly with the help of a needle^[58].

If water has accumulated in the abdomen of all types of Udara roga, then the physician would tap the abdomen in its left side and drain the liquid through the nāḍī applying pressure^[59]. After draining out the fluid, the patient should be made to fast and then should be given gruel with fat and salt. For the next six months, the patient should take only milk^[60].

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

kukṣerādhmānamāṭopaḥ śophaḥ pādakarasya ca |
mando'gniḥ ślakṣṇagaṇḍatvaṃ kārśyaṃ codaralakṣaṇam || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.21); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 524.

[2]:

rogāḥ sarve'pi mande'gnau sutarāmudarāṇi tu |
ajīrṇānmalinaiścānnairjāyante malasañcayāt ||
ūrdhvādho dhātavo ruddhavā vāhinīrambuvāhinīḥ |
prāṇāgnyapānān sandūṣya kuryustvaṅ bhāṃsasandhigāḥ ||
ādhmapya kukṣimudaram aṣṭadhā tacca bhidyate |
pṛthagdoṣaiḥ samastaiśca plīhabaddhakṣatodakaiḥ ||
tenārtāḥ śuṣkatālvoṣṭhāḥ śūnapādakarodarāḥ |
naṣṭaceṣṭābalāhārāḥ kṛ śāḥ pradhmātakukṣayaḥ || (Aṣṭā. H. –Nidānasthāna- 12/1-4); Aṣṭāṅga Hṛdayaṃ of Vāgbhaṭṭa Vol. II, trans. K. R. Srikantha Murthy, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, 2018, p. 113.

[3]:

atyuṣṇalavaṇakṣāravidāhyamlagarāśanāt |
mithyāsaṃsarjānādrū kṣaviruddhāśucibhojanam ||
plīhārśograhaṇīdoṣakarśanāt karmavibhramāt |
kliṣṭānāmapratīkārādraukṣyādvegavidhāraṇāt ||
srotasāṃ dū ṣaṇādāmāt saṃkṣobhādatipūraṇāt |
arśobālaśakṛ drodhād ntrasphu ṭanabhedanāt ||
atisaṃcitadoṣāṇāṃ pāpaṃ karma ca kurvatām |
udarāṇyupajāyante mandāgnīnāṃ viśeṣataḥ || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.12-15); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, pp. 521-522.

[4]:

kṣunnāśaḥ svādvatisnigdhagurvannaṃ pacyate cirāt |
bhuktaṃ vidahyate sarvaṃ jīrṇājīrṇaṃ na vetti ca ||
srahate nātisauhityamīṣacchophaśca pādayoḥ |
śaścadralakṣayo'lpe'pi vyāyāme śvāsamṛcchati ||
vṛddhiḥ purīṣanicayo rukṣodāvartahetukā |
bastisandhau rugādhmān vardhate pāṭyate'pi ca |
ātanyate ca jaṭharamapi laghvalpabhojanāt |
rājījanma valīnāśa iti liṅgaṃ bhaviṣyatām || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.16-19); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 383.

[5]:

pṛthagdoṣaiḥ samastaiśca plīhabaddhakṣatodakaiḥ |
saṃbhavantyudarāṇyaṣṭau teṣāṃ liṅgaṃ pṛthak śṛṇu || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.22); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 525.

[6]:

vātātpittātkaphātrīṇi tridoṣebhyo jalādapi ||
plīhaḥ kṣatādbaddhagudādaṣṭamaṃ parikīrtitam || (Śāraṅg. S. –I/7/51-52); Śāraṅgadhara-Saṃhitā: A Treatise on Ayurveda by Śāraṅgadhara, trans. K. R. Srikantha Murthy, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia, 2017, p. 36.

[7]:

kukṣipāṇipādavṛṣaṇaśvayathuḥ, udaravipāṭanam, aniyatau ca vṛddhihrāsau, kukṣipārśvaśūlodāvartāṅgamardaparvabhedaśuṣka- kāsakārśyadaurbalyārocakāvipākāḥ, adhogurutvaṃ, vātavarcomūtrasaṅgaḥ, śyāvāruṇatvaṃ ca nakhanayanavadanatvaḍmūtravarcasāma, api codaraṃ tanvasitarājīsirāsaṃtatam, āhatamādhmātadṛtiśabdavadbhavati, vāyuścordhvamadhastiryak ca saśūlaśabdaścarati, etadvātodaramiti vidyāt | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XVIII.11); Baidyacharya Kalikinkar Sensarma & Ayurbedacharya Satyasekhar Bhattacharya (eds.), Caraka Samhita–Vol. II, trans. Kabiraj Jasodanandan Sirkar, Kolkata, Deepayan Publication, 2013, p. 504.

[8]:

dāhajvaratṛṣṇāmūrcchātīsārabhramāḥ, kaṭukāsyatvaṃ, haritahāridratvaṃ ca nakhanayanavadanatvaṅ mūtravarcasāma, api codaraṃ nīlapīta—hāridraharitatāmrarājīsirāvanaddhaṃ, dahyate, dū yate, dhūpyate, ūṣmāyate, svidyate, klidyate, mṛdusparśaṃ kṣiprapākaṃ ca bhavati; etat pittodaramiti vidyāt | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.28); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 527.

[9]:

gauravārocakāvipākāṅgamardāḥ, suptiḥ, pāṇipādamuṣkauruśophaḥ, utklaiśanidrākāsaśvāsāḥ ______, śuklatvaṃ ca nakhanayanavadanatvaṅ mūtravarcasām; apicodaraṃ śuklarājīsirāsaṃtataṃ, guru, stimitaṃ sthiraṃ, kaṭhiṇaṃ ca bhavati; etacchleṣmodaramiti vidyāt || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.31); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 385.

[10]:

sarveṣāmeva doṣāṇāṃ samastāni liṅgānyupalabhyante, varṇāśca sarve nakhādiṣu, udaramiva nānāvarṇarājīsirāsaṃtataṃ bhavati; etat sannipātodaramiti vidyāt || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XVIII.17); Baidyacharya Kalikinkar Sensarma & Ayurbedacharya Satyasekhar Bhattacharya (eds.), Caraka Samhita–Vol. II, trans. Kabiraj Jasodanandan Sirkar, Kolkata, Deepayan Publication, 2013, p. 505.

[11]:

Cakrapāṇi Commentary, CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.35-36; R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 531.

[12]:

daurbalyārocakāvipākavarcomūtragrahatamaḥ praveśapipāsāṅgamardacchardimūrcchāṅgasādakāsaśvāsamṛdujvarānāhāgnināśakārśyāsyavairasyaparvabhedakoṣṭhavātaśūlāni, api codaramaruṇavarṇaṃ vivarṇaṃ vā nīlaharitahāridrarājimadbhavati; evamameva yakru dapi dakṣiṇapārśvasthaṃ kuryāt, tulyahetuliṅgauṣadhatvāttasya plīhajaṭhara evāvarodha iti; plīhodaramiti vidyāt || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.38); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey& Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 387.

[13]:

tṛṣṇādāhajvaramukhatāluśoṣorusādakāsaśvāsadaurbalyārocakāvipākavarcomūtrasaṅgādhmānacchardikṣavathuśirohṛnnābhigu- daśūlāni, api codaraṃ mūḍhavātaṃ sthiramaruṇaṃ nīlarāji sirāvanaddharājikaṃ vā prāyo nābhyupari gopucchavadabhinirvartata iti; etadbaddhagudodaramiti vidyāt || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XVIII.22); Baidyacharya Kalikinkar Sensarma & Ayurbedacharya Satyasekhar Bhattacharya (eds.), Caraka Samhita–Vol. II, trans. Kabiraj Jasodanandan Sirkar, Kolkata, Deepayan Publication, 2013, p. 506.

[14]:

tadadho nābhyāḥ prāyo'bhivardhamānamudakodaraṃ bhavati, yathābalaṃ ca doṣāṇāṃ rūpāṇi darśayati, api cāturaḥ salohitanīlapītapicchilakuṇapagandhyāmavarca upaveśate, hikkāśvāsakāsatṛṣṇāpramehārocakāvipākadaurbalyaparītaśca bhavati; etacchidrodaramiti vidyāt || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.44); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 533.

[15]:

anannakāṅkṣāpipāsāgudastrāvaśūlaśvāsakāsadaurbalyāni, api codaraṃ nānāvarṇarājisirāsaṃtatamudakapūrṇadṛtikṣobha- saṃsparśaṃ bhavati, etadudakodaramiti vidyāt || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.47); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 390.

[16]:

Baidyacharya Kalikinkar Sensarma & Ayurbedacharya Satyasekhar Bhattacharya (eds.), Caraka Samhita–Vol. II, trans. Kabiraj Jasodanandan Sirkar, Kolkata, Deepayan Publication, 2013, p. 507.

[17]:

kukṣeratimātravṛddhiḥ, sirāntardhānagamanam, uadakapūrṇadṛti saṃkṣopbhasaṃsparśatvaṃ ca || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.48); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 390

[18]:

Cakrapāṇi has quoted a variant reading, “udakodarasya doṣāṇām ca”; Udakodara two stages.; Cakrapāṇi Commentary, CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.44-48; R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, pp. 534-536.

[19]:

chardyatīsāratamakatṛṣṇāśvāsakāsahikkādaurvalyapārśvaśūlārucisvarabhedamūtrasaṅgādayaḥ; tathāvidhimacikitasyaṃ vidyā diti || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.49); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 391.

[20]:

vātotpittātkaphāt plīhnaḥ sannipātāttathodakāt |
paraṃ paraṃ kṛ cchra taramudaraṃ bhiṣagādiśet ||
pakṣādbaddhagudaṃ tūrdhvaṃ sarvaṃ jātodakaṃ tathā |
prāyo bhavatyabhāvāya cchidrāntraṃ codaraṃ nṛṇām || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.50-51); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 537.

[21]:

lolasyāvirase cāsye mūtre'lpe saṃhate viṣi ||
ajātodakamityetairliṅgai rvijñāya tattvataḥ |
upākramedbhiṣagdoṣabalakālaviśeṣavit || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XVIII.35); Baidyacharya Kalikinkar Sensarma & Ayurbedacharya Satyasekhar Bhattacharya (eds.), Caraka Samhita–Vol. II, trans. Kabiraj Jasodanandan Sirkar, Kolkata, Deepayan Publication, 2013, p. 509.

[22]:

vātodaraṃ balamataḥ pūrvaṃ snehairupācaret |
snigdhāya sveditāṅgāyadadyāt snehavirecanam ||
hṛte doṣe parimlānaṃ veṣṭayedvāsasodaram | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.59-60); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 392.

[23]:

vātaghnāmlaśṛtairaṇḍatilatailānuvāsanam ||
aviracyaṃ tu yaṃ vidyād durbalaṃ sthaviraṃ śiśum |
sukumāraṃ prakṛ tya'lpadoṣaṃ vā'tholbaṇānalam ||
taṃ bhiṣak śamanaiḥ sarpiryūṣamāṃsarasaudanaiḥ |
bastyabhyaṅgānuvāsaiśca kṣīraiścopācared budhaḥ || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.64-67); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 539.

[24]:

pittodare tu balinaṃ pūrvameva virecayet |
dū rbalaṃ tvanuvāsyādau śodhayet kṣīrabastinā || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.68); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 393.

[25]:

snigdhaṃ svinnaṃ viśuddhaṃ tu kaphodariṇamāturam |
saṃsarjayet kaṭukṣārayuktairannaiḥ kaphāpahaiḥ || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.72); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 542.

[26]:

sannipātodare sarvā yathoktāḥ kārayet kriyāḥ |
sopadravaṃ tu nirvṛttaṃ pratyakhyeyaṃ vijānatā || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.74); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 395.

[27]:

udāvartarujānāhairdāhamohatṛṣājvaraiḥ |
gauravārucikāṭhinyai................ CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.75-86); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, pp. 543-545.

[28]:

yakṛ ti plīhavat sarvaṃ tulyatvādbheṣajaṃ matam ||
laghunyannāni saṃsṛjya dadyāt plīhodare bhiṣak | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.88-89); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 397.

[29]:

svinnāya baddhodariṇe mūtratīkṣṇauṣadhānvitam ||
satailalavaṇaṃ dadyānnirūhaṃ sānuvāsanam |
paristraṃsīni cānnāni tīkṣṇaṃ caiva virecanam || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.89-90); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 546.

[30]:

chidrodarabhṛte svedācchleṣmodaravadācaret || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.91); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 398.

[31]:

apāṃ doṣaharāṇyādau pradadhyādudakodare |
mūtrayuktāni tīkṣṇāni vividhakṣāravanti ca || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.93-94); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 548.

[32]:

Rajneesh V. Giri & Smitha Rajneesh, Synopsis on Caraka Saṃhitā, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia, 2019, p. 145.

[33]:

nātisāndraṃ hitaṃ pāne svādu takramapelavam ||
tryūṣaṇakṣāralavaṇairyuktaṃ tu nicayodarī | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.101-102); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 399.

[34]:

vātodarī pibettakraṃ pippalīlavaṇānvitam || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.102); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 550.

[35]:

śarka rāmadhukopetaṃ svādu pittodarī pibet | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.103); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 399.

[36]:

yavānīsaindhavājājīvyoṣayuktaṃ kaphodarī ||
pibenmadhuyutaṃ takraṃ kavoṣṇaṃ nātipelavam | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.103-104); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 550.

[37]:

madhutailavacāśuṇṭhīśatāhvākūṣṭhasaindhavaiḥ ||
yuktaṃ plīhodarī jātaṃ savyoṣaṃ tūdakodarī | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.104-105); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 399.

[38]:

baddhodarī tu hapuṣāyavānyajājisaindhavaiḥ || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.105); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 550.

[39]:

pibecchadrodarī takraṃ pippalīkṣaudrasaṃyutam | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.106); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 399.

[40]:

śophanāhārtitṛṇmūrcchāpīḍite kārabhaṃ payaḥ ||
śuddhānāṃ kṣāmadehānāṃ gavyaṃ chāgaṃ samāhiṣam | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.107-108); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 551.

[41]:

mūtrāṇyaṣṭāvudariṇāṃ seke pāne ca yojayet | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.111); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 400.

[42]:

dadhimaṇḍāḍhakopetaṃ tat sarpirjaṭharāpaham |
śvayathuṃ vātaviṣṭambhaṃ gulmārśāṃsi ca nāśayet || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.115); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 553.

[43]:

caturguṇe jale mūtre dviguṇe citrakāt pale ||
kalke siddhaṃ ghṛtaprasthaṃ sakṣāraṃ jaṭharī pibet | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.116-117); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 401.

[44]:

yavakolakulatthānāṃ pañcamūlarasena ca ||
surāsauvīrakābhyāṃ ca siddhaṃ vā'pi pibed ghṛtam | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.117-118); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 554.

[45]:

paṭolādyamidaṃ cūrṇamudareṣu prapūjitam | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.124); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. I with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 402.

[46]:

etannārāyaṇaṃ nāma cūrṇaṃ rogagaṇāpaham || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.128); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 556.

[47]:

bhagandare pāṇḍuroge śvāse kāse galagrahe ||
hṛdroge grahaṇīdoṣe kuṣṭhe mande'nale jvare |
daṃṣṭrā viṣe mūlaviṣe sagare kṛ trime viṣe ||
yathārhaṃ snigdhakoṣṭhena peyametadvirecanam || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.131-132); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 402.

[48]:

peyo'yaṃ sarvagulmeṣu plīhni sarvodareṣu ca ||
śvitre kuṣṭhe sarujake savāte viṣamāgniṣu |
śothārśaḥpāṇḍurogeṣu kāmalāyāṃ halīmake ||
vātaṃ pittaṃ kaphaṃ cāśu virekāt saṃprasādhayet | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.135-137); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 558.

[49]:

nīlinīṃ niculaṃ vyoṣaṃ dvau kṣārau lavaṇāni ca ||
citrakaṃ ca pibeccūrṇaṃ sarpiṣodaragulmanut | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.137-138); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 403.

[50]:

kṣīradroṇaṃ sudhākṣīraprasthardhasahitaṃ dadhi ||
jātaṃ vimathya tad yuktyā trivṛtsiddhaṃ pibed ghṛtam |
tathā siddhaṃ ghṛtaprasthaṃ payasyaṣṭaguṇe pibet ||
snukkṣīrapalakalke na tritāṣaṭpalena ca |
gulmānāṃ garadoṣāṇāmudarāṇāṃ ca śāntaye || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.138-140); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 559.

[51]:

pīlukalkopasiddhaṃ vā ghṛtamānāhabhedanam ||
gulmaghnaṃ nīlinīsarpiḥ snehaṃ vā miśrakaṃ pibet | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.145-146); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 404.

[52]:

kramānnirhṛtadoṣāṇāṃ jāṅgalapratibhojinām |
doṣaśeṣanivṛttyarthaṃ yogān vakṣyāmyataḥ param |
citrakāmaradārubhyāṃ kalkaṃ...................... (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.146-167); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 570.

[53]:

śuddhasūtaṃ dvidhā gandhaṃ mṛtarkāyaḥ śilājatu |
rasamānaṃ pradātavyaṃ rasasya dvigūṇaṃ viṣam ||
trikaṭu citrakaṃ vīrā.............. (Ras. S. –II/Udara Roga Cikitsā/5-11); Ashok D. Satpute, Rasendra Sāra Saṅgraha of Sri. Gopal Krishna, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, 2009, pp. 554-555.

[54]:

pārśvaśūlamupastambhaṃ hṛdgrahaṃ cāpi mārutaḥ ||
janayedyasya taṃ tailaṃ bilvakṣāreṇa pāyayet |
tathā'gnimanthasyonākapalāśatilalanā........ (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.169-171); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 408

[55]:

kaphe vātena pittena tābhyāṃ vā'pyāvṛte'nile ||
balinaḥ svauṣadhayutaṃ tailameraṇḍajaṃ hitam |
suvirikto naro yastu punarādhmāpito............ (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.172-174); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 562.

[56]:

evamākhyāya tasyedamanujñātaḥ suhṛdgaṇaiḥ ||
pānabhojanasaṃyuktaṃ viṣamasmai prayojayet |
yasmin vā kupitaḥ sarpo visṛjeddhi phale viṣam ||
bhojayettadudariṇaṃ pravicārya bhiṣagvaraḥ |
tenāsya doṣasaṅghātaḥ sthiro līno vimārgagaḥ ||
viṣeṇāśupramāthitvādāśu bhinnaḥ pravartate |
viṣeṇa hṛtadoṣaṃ taṃ śītāmbupariṣecitam ||
pāyayet bhiṣagdugdhaṃ yavāguṃ vā yathābalam | (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.177- 181); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 409.

[57]:

Cakrapāṇi Commentary, CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.175-183; R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p.568.

[58]:

chidrāṇyantrasya tu sthūlairdaśayitvā pipīlikaiḥ ||
bahuśaḥ saṃgṛhītāni jñātvā cchitvā pipīlikān |
pratiyogaiḥ praveśyāntraṃ preyaiḥ sīvyed draṇaṃ tataḥ || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XVIII.119); Baidyacharya Kalikinkar Sensarma & Ayurbedacharya Satyasekhar Bhattacharya (eds.), Caraka Samhita–Vol. II, trans. Kabiraj Jasodanandan Sirkar, Kolkata, Deepayan Publication, 2013, p. 525.

[59]:

tathā jātodakaṃ sarvamudaraṃ vyadhayedbhiṣak |
vāmapārśve tvadho nābhernāḍīṃ datvā ca gālayet || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.189); Caraka Saṃhitā Vol. II with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, trans. Kasinatha Pandey & Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015, p. 411.

[60]:

ataḥ paraṃ tu ṣaṇmāsān kṣīravṛttirbhavennaraḥ || (CS. Cikitsāsthāna–XIII.191); R. K. Sharma & Bhagwan Dash (eds.), Caraka Saṃhitā–Vol. III, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 2017, p. 570.