Vishala, Viśālā, Visāla, Visala, Viśāla, Visālā, Viṣala: 46 definitions

Introduction:

Vishala means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit terms Viśālā and Viśāla and Viṣala can be transliterated into English as Visala or Vishala, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

Alternative spellings of this word include Vishal.

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In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: Wisdom Library: Bhagavata Purana

Viśāla (विशाल):—One of the three sons of Tṛṇabindu (son of Budha). He created a dynasty and constructed a palace called Vaiśālī. He had a son named Hemacandra (see Bhāgavata Purāṇa 9.2.33-34)

Source: Wisdom Library: Varāha-purāṇa

1) Viśālā (विशाला).—Name of a river (nadī) situated near the seven great mountains on the western side of mount Naiṣadha, according to the Varāhapurāṇa chapter 83. These settlements consume the water flowing from these seven great mountains (Viśākha, Kambala, Jayanta, Kṛṣṇa, Harita, Aśoka and Vardhamāna). Niṣadha (Naiṣadha) is one of the seven mountains located in Jambūdvīpa, ruled over by Āgnīdhra, a grandson of Svāyambhuva Manu.

2) Viśālā (विशाला).—Name of a river originating from Ṛkṣa, a holy mountain (kulaparvata) in Bhārata, according to the Varāhapurāṇa chapter 85. There are settlements (janapada) where Āryas and Mlecchas dwell who drink water from these rivers. Bhārata is a region south of Hemādri, once ruled over by Bharata (son of Ṛṣabha), whose ancestral lineage can be traced back to Svāyambhuva Manu.

Svāyambhuva Manu was created by Brahmā, who was in turn created by Nārāyaṇa, the unknowable all-pervasive primordial being.

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) Viśāla (विशाल).—A son of Ikṣvāku. Mention is made in Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Bālakāṇḍa, Sarga 47, that a son named Viśāla was born to Ikṣvāku, by the celestial maid Alambuṣā and that Viśāla built a city named Viśālā. This Viśāla had a son named Hemacandra. It was near the city Viśālā, that Ahalyā, the wife of Gautama, stood as stone, because of a curse. (See under Viśālapurī).

2) Viśālā (विशाला).—The queen of Ajamīḍha, a King of the Lunar dynasty. (Mahābhārata Ādi Parva, Chapter 95, Stanza 37).

3) Viśālā (विशाला).—The King Gaya once performed a sacrifice in the country called Gaya. Mention is made in Mahābhārata, Śalya Parva, Chapter 38, Stanza 20, that Sarasvatī attended this sacrifice assuming the name Viśālā.

4) Viśālā (विशाला).—Wife of King Bhīma the son of Mahāvīrya. Three sons, Trayyāruṇi, Puṣkarī and Kapi were born to Bhīma by his wife Viśālā. (Vāyu: 37: 158). In Matsya Purāṇa, Viśālā is mentioned as the wife of King Utakṣaya.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Viśāla (विशाल).—A son of Tṛṇabiṅdu and father of Hemacandra. Founder of Vaiśāli.*

  • * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 2. 33-34; Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 61. 12.

1b) A playmate of Kṛṣṇa.*

  • * Bhāgavata-purāṇa X. 22. 31.

1c) A tīrtha visited by Balarāma.*

  • * Bhāgavata-purāṇa X. 78. 19.

1d) A Kulaparvata of Ketumālā.*

  • * Vāyu-purāṇa 44. 4.

1e) A nāga of the Vitalam.*

  • * Vāyu-purāṇa 50. 29.

1f) A very righteous king, a son of Viśravas (Tṛṇabiṅdu, Viṣṇu-purāṇa) and Ālambuṣa, the Apsaras; father of Hemacandra; built the city of Viśālā;1 having no sons, consulted the Brahmans who advised him to give Piṇḍa in Gayā; he did so and got a son; once he saw three men white, red and black in colour in the clouds and asked them who they were; the white man said that he was his father coming from Indraloka, the red was his father who had slain Brahmans and the black was his grand-father who had slain a number of sages; the latter two were in Avīcinaraka and now got released by the Gayāpiṇḍa of Viśāla; then blessed him with a long life of prosperous reign, sacrifices and attainment of Viṣṇuloka2 in the end.

  • 1) Vāyu-purāṇa 86. 16-7; Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 1. 49-50.
  • 2) Vāyu-purāṇa 112. 7-14.

2a) Viśālā (विशाला).—(Badarikāśrama). To this Dhruva went for meditation in the evening of his life. Similarly Nābhi and Merudevī spent their last years here.*

  • * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IV. 12. 16; V. 4. 5; XI. 29. 47.

2b) A R. from the Ṛkṣa hill.*

  • * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 16. 31.

2c) (Viśālayā) city founded by Viśāla, son of Tṛṇabindu;1 no shaving or Upavāsa, at.2

  • 1) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 61. 12; Vāyu-purāṇa 86. 17; 112. 7; Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 1. 49.
  • 2) Vāyu-purāṇa 105. 25.

2d) The wife of Urukṣava (ya): had three sons.*

  • * Matsya-purāṇa 49. 39; Vāyu-purāṇa 99. 162.

2e) A R. issuing from the Himālayas.*

  • * Matsya-purāṇa 114. 21.

2f) A R. of the Ketumālā country.*

  • * Vāyu-purāṇa 44. 21.

2g) A daughter of Suyaśā: the most beautiful.*

  • * Vāyu-purāṇa 69. 14.
Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

Viśāla (विशाल) refers to the name of a River or Tīrtha (pilgrim’s destination) mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. II.82.100). Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Viśāla) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

Purana book cover
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The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Ayurveda (science of life)

Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)

Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-śāstra

1) Viśāla (विशाल):—One of the sixty-four Divyauṣadhi, which are powerful drugs for solidifying mercury (rasa), according to Rasaprakāśa-sudhākara (chapter 9).

2) Viśālā (विशाला):—One of the sixty-seven Mahauṣadhi, as per Rasaśāstra texts (rasa literature). These drugs are useful for processing mercury (rasa), such as the alchemical processes known as sūta-bandhana and māraṇa.

Cikitsa (natural therapy and treatment for medical conditions)

Source: Wisdom Library: Ayurveda: Cikitsa

1) Viśālā (विशाला) is mentioned as a medicine used for the treatment of all major fevers, as described in the Jvaracikitsā (or “the treatment of fever”) chapter according to the Mādhavacikitsā (7th century Ayurvedic work). The Sanskrit word Viśālā is derived from Viśāla, meaning “spacious”, or “large”. In a different context, Viśāla can mean “important” or “abundant”.

2) Viśālā (विशाला):—Possibly identified with Paṭoli (Trichosanthes palmata), a species of medicinal plant and used in the treatment of fever (jvara), as described in the Jvaracikitsā (or “the treatment of fever”) which is part of the 7th-century Mādhavacikitsā, a Sanskrit classical work on Āyurveda.

Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)

Source: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgraha

Viśālā (विशाला) refers to the medicinal plant known as “Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrader” and is dealt with in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning viśālā] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).

Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)

Source: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha Chikitsa

Viśālā (विशाला) refers to an herbal ingredient which is included in a (snake) poison antidote recipe, according to the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Viṣavidyā or Sarpavidyā).—In the Añjana or Collyrium segment of the eighth Adhyāya, Kāśyapa prescribes eight types of permutation and combination of herbs that effectively arrest poison. According to Kāśyapasaṃhitā (verse VIII.37)—“A combination of Śiriṣa, Elā, Niśā, Lac, Māṃsī, Yaṣṭhi, Mustard, salt, Trivṛt, Yaṣṭhi, Viśālā, Trikaṭu, two varieties of Niśā, with Madhu and Māñjiṣṭhā placed in the cow’s horn form a formidable drug to eliminate venom”.

Ayurveda book cover
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Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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Kavya (poetry)

[«previous next»] — Vishala in Kavya glossary
Source: Wisdom Library: Kathāsaritsāgara

1) Viśālā (विशाला) is the name of a king who fought on Sūryaprabha’s side but was slain by Nirghāta, who participated in the war on Śrutaśarman’s side, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 47. Accordingly: “... when King Nirghāta saw that [the slaying of Harṣa, Pramātha, Kaṅkaṭa, and Viśāla, Pracaṇḍa and Aṅkurin], he was wroth, and attacked Cakravāla, and those two, Cakravāla and Nirghāta, fought for a long time, and at last they broke one another’s chariots to pieces and so became infantry soldiers, and the two, rushing furiously together, armed with sword and discus, cleft with sword-strokes one another’s heads and fell dead on the earth”.

2) Viśālā (विशाला) is the name of an ancient city, according to the twenty-first story of the Vetālapañcaviṃśati in the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 95. Accordingly, “... there is a city called Viśālā, which is like a second city of Indra, made by the Creator on earth, for the sake of virtuous people who have fallen from heaven”.

The Kathāsaritsāgara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning Viśāla, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravāhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyādharas (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇāḍhya’s Bṛhatkathā consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.

Source: Shodhganga: The Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara

Viśāla (विशाल) is the name a locality mentioned in Rājaśekhara’s 10th-century Kāvyamīmāṃsā.—It is the city of Ujjain and the capital of Avantī.

Kavya book cover
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Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.

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Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Wisdom Library: Vāstu-śāstra

Viśāla (विशाल) refers to a type of temple (prāsāda) classified under the group named Puṣpaka, according to Samarāṅgaṇasūtradhāra chapter 49. The Puṣpaka group contains ten out of a sixty-four total prāsādas (temples) classified under five prime vimānas (aerial car/palace), which were created by Brahmā for as many gods (including himself). This group represents temples (e.g. Viśāla) that are to be square and rectangular or oblong in shape. The prāsādas, or ‘temples’, represent the dwelling place of God and are to be built in towns. The Samarāṅgaṇasūtradhāra is an 11th-century encyclopedia dealing with various topics from the Vāstuśāstra.

Viśāla is mentioned in another list of 40 temples, in the Samarāṅgaṇasūtradhāra, chapter 57, where it is mentioned as one of the five temples being a favorite of Brahmā.

Viśāla is also listed in the Agnipurāṇa which features a list of 45 temple types. It is listed under the group named Puṣpaka, featuring rectangular-shaped temples. This list represents a classification of temples in Nort-India.

Source: OpenEdition books: Architectural terms contained in Ajitāgama and Rauravāgama

Viśāla (विशाल) refers to “- 1.width § 2.5. - 2. kind of fore-body (?) (Aj) §§ 3.35; 4.12.”.—(For paragraphs cf. Les enseignements architecturaux de l'Ajitāgama et du Rauravāgama by Bruno Dagens)

Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (vastu)

Viśāla (विशाल) refers to one of the hundred types of Temples (in ancient Indian architecture), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—It is quite difficult to say about a definite number of varieties of Hindu temples but in the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa hundred varieties of temples have been enumerated. For example, Viśāla. These temples are classified according to the particular shape, amount of storeys and other common elements, such as the number of pavilions, doors and roofs.

Vastushastra book cover
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Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

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Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra

Viśāla (विशाल) is the Sanskrit name of one of Bharata’s sons, mentioned in the Nāṭyaśāstra 1.26-33. After Brahmā created the Nāṭyaveda (nāṭyaśāstra), he ordered Bharata to teach the science to his (one hundred) sons. Bharata thus learned the Nāṭyaveda from Brahmā, and then made his sons study and learn its proper application. After their study, Bharata assigned his sons (eg., Viśāla) various roles suitable to them.

Natyashastra book cover
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Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

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Shilpashastra (iconography)

Source: archive.org: Illustrations of Indian Music and Dance in Western Indian Style

1) Viśālā (विशाला) refers to a type of mūrchanā (melodic mode), and its illustration as a Goddess (according to 15th-century Indian art) is as follows.—The colour of her body is golden. She holds pung with both hands. She wears a bodice of light-green colour and a scarf of rosy colour with a crimson-coloured design. Her lower garment is of dark-green colour bearing a black design in centre of it.

2) Viśāla (विशाल) refers to one of the forty-seven tānas (tone) used in Indian music.—The illustration of Viśāla (as a deity) according to 15th-century Indian art is as follows.—The colour of his body is yellow. His face is similar to the face of a peacock. A viṇā is held with both hands.

The illustrations (of, for example Viśālā and Viśāla) are found scattered throughout ancient Jain manuscripts from Gujarat. The descriptions of these illustrations of this citrāvalī are based on the ślokas of Vācanācārya Gaṇi Sudhākalaśa’s Saṅgītopaniṣatsāroddhāra (14th century) and Śārṅgadeva’s Saṅgītaratnākara (13th century).

Shilpashastra book cover
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Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: academia.edu: Yakṣiṇī-sādhana in the Kakṣapuṭa tantra

Viśālā (विशाला) is the name of one of the thirty-two Yakṣiṇīs mentioned in the Kakṣapuṭatantra, as well as one of the thirty-six Yakṣiṇīs mentioned in the Uḍḍāmareśvaratantra. In the yakṣiṇī-sādhana, the Yakṣiṇī is regarded as the guardian spirit who provides worldly benefits to the practitioner. The Yakṣiṇī (e.g., Viśālā) provides, inter alia, daily food, clothing and money, tells the future, and bestows a long life, but she seldom becomes a partner in sexual practices.

Shaivism book cover
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Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

1) Viśālā (विशाला) refers to one of the eight Yoginīs (yoginī-aṣṭaka) associated with Kāmākhya (corresponding to the eastern face of Bhairava), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—[...] The eight Yoginīs (yoginyaṣṭaka): Viśālā, Pārthivā, Yakṣī, Dhūrjaṭī, Viṣabhakṣaṇī, Sarvasiddhipradā, Tuṣṭi, Icchā, Siddhipradāyakī.

2) Viśāla (विशाल) refers to one of the eight Heroes (vīra-aṣṭaka) also associated with Kāmākhya.—[...] The eight Heroes (vīrāṣṭaka): Vimala, Viśāla, Mahāṃśuka, Mṛgāṃśaka, Makaradhvaja, Anaṅgābha, Padmākṣa, Sarvavikrama.

Source: Kamakoti Mandali: The Yoginis of Narasimha Vyuha

Viśālā (विशाला) is the name of a Mātṛkā-Śakti created by Mahārudra in order to control the plague of demons created by Andhakāsura.—Accordingly, Andhaka-Asura tried to kidnap Umā (Devī Pārvatī), and was fiercely attacked by Mahārudra who shot arrows at him from his mahāpināka. when the arrows pierced the body of Andhakāsura, drops of blood fell to earth and from those drops, thousands of Andhakas arose. To control this plague of demons, Mahārudra created Mātṛkā-Śaktis [viz., Viśālā] and ordered them to drink the blood of the demons and drain them dry.

Source: Kamakoti Mandali: Nrisimha matrika-mandala

Viśālā (विशाला) refers to one of the various Mātṛkā-Śaktis created by Rudra in order to destroy the clones that spawned from Andhaka’s body.—Accordingly, [...] Andhakāsura attempted to abduct Girājanandinī (Pārvatī) and thus ensued a fierce battle between Andhakāsura and the great Rudra, the Lord of Umā. Like raktabīja, every drop of blood that fell from the body of Andhaka created another Asura like him and in no time, the entire world was filled with Andhakas. To destroy the growing number of Andhakas, Rudra created innumerable Mātṛkā-Śaktis [viz., Viśālā]. These Śaktis of immense power at once began to drink every drop of blood that flowed from the body of Andhaka, but they could still not effectively contain the emergence of more and more demons.

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (shaktism)

Viśāla (विशाल) refers to “wide (eyes)”, according to the King Vatsarāja’s Pūjāstuti called the Kāmasiddhistuti (also Vāmakeśvarīstuti), guiding one through the worship of the Goddess Nityā.—Accordingly, “[...] Her foot-rest is illuminated by the rays of jewels on the forehead of the king of gods and other gods as they bow in devotion [to her feet]. She has roving, wide eyes (lolat-viśāla-nayanā), and she bestows as boons the sovereignty [of Indra] and status [equal to] Vaiśravaṇa, lord of riches, and still more, which she creates in fleeting acts of amusement.. [...]”.

Shaktism book cover
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Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)

Source: Journal of the University of Bombay Volume V: Apabhramsa metres (2)

Viśālā (विशाला) is the name of a dvipadi metre, as discussed in books such as the Chandonuśāsana, Kavidarpaṇa, Vṛttajātisamuccaya and Svayambhūchandas.—Any dvipadi which is longer than [39 mātrās] and contains 40 or more mātrās in its line is called Mālādhruvaka, according to both Hemacandra and Svayambhū. In the opinion of Vṛttajātisamuccaya IV.90 however, the Dvipadi which contains 44 mātrās in each of its two lines is called Viśālā. In this Dvipadi, the caturmātras in the odd places must not consist of two long letters, while those in the even places must have 1 short letter at either end. No special yati is mentioned for it.

Chandas book cover
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Chandas (छन्दस्) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.

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Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

Viśāla (विशाल, “broad”) or Viśālamūrti refers to a particular shape of the moon, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 4), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “Having thus described the shape of the moon we next proceed to describe her size (generally): [...] If she should appear broad [i.e., viśāla-mūrti], she will increase the prosperity of the princes; if she should appear big there, will be happiness in the land, and if small, there will be abundance of that grain which men like most”.

Jyotisha book cover
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Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

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Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)

Source: University of Vienna: Sudarśana's Worship at the Royal Court According to the Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā

Viśāla (विशाल) is the name of an ancient king said to have employed the Sudarśana Yantra, according to the Ahirbudhnya-Saṃhitā.—The pacificatory ritual described in Adhyāya 47 closes the Metasection on Ritual. It is portrayed as instrumental for the protection of the kingdom and its prosperity. Interestingly, the apologetic strategy of mentioning ancient kings who had benefited from the practice is adopted here in much the same way as in the beginning of Adhyāya 48, where ancient kings are listed [e.g., Viśāla] who had overcome various difficulties by means of Sudarśana’s Yantra.

Pancaratra book cover
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Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

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In Buddhism

Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper Names

See Vesali.

-- or --

. The capital of Ceylon (then known as Mandadipa) in the time of Kassapa Buddha. It was to the west of Mahasagara uyyana, and its king at the time was Jayanta. Mhv.xv.127; Dpv.xv.60; xvii.6; Sp.i.87.

context information

Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

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In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: The Jaina Iconography

Viśālā (विशाला) is the name of a Yoginī mentioned in various Jaina manuscripts, often being part of a list of sixty-four such deities. How the cult of the Tantrik Yoginīs originated among the vegetarian Jainas is unknown. The Yoginīs (viz., Viśālā) are known as attendants on Śiva or Pārvatī. But in the case of Jainism, we may suppose, as seen before that they are subordinates to Kṣetrapāla, the chief of the Bhairavas.

Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

1) Viśāla (विशाल) (or Viśālaka) and Suvatsaka are the two Indras of the Krandita class Vyantaras living in the first 100 yojanas of the Ratnaprabhā-earth in the “lower world” (adhaloka), according to chapter 2.2 [ajitanātha-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.—Accordingly: “[...] In the first 100 yojanas of Ratnaprabhā, with the exception of 10 above and 10 below, i.e., in 80 yojanas, there are 8 classes of Vyantaras: [viz., the Kranditas, ...] The two Indras in these classes are respectively: [viz., Suvatsaka and Viśāla;...]”.

2) Viśālā (विशाला) refers to one of the lotus-lakes situated near the four Añjana mountains, which are situated in the “middle world” (madhyaloka), according to chapter 2.3.

3) Viśāla (विशाल) is the name of an ancient city, according to chapter 6.4 [subhūma-cakravartin-caritra].

4) Viśāla (विशाल) is the name of a Khecara, according to the Jain Ramayana and chapter 7.7 [The killing of Rāvaṇa].

General definition book cover
context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

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India history and geography

Source: What is India: Epigraphia Indica volume XXXI (1955-56)

Vīsala, son of Devapāla, is the name of a person mentioned in a Jain inscription found at Shergarh.  The next stanza (verse 5) mentions Devapāla’s son Ilhuka, as well as Goṣṭhin, Vīsala, Lalluka, Māuka and Hariścandra, and also Allaka, son of Gāgā, all of whom may have been associated with the installation of the Jinas.

The inscription (mentioning Vīsala) was found found on the pedestal below the central figure of a group of three images of Jain Tīrthaṅkaras in a small temple outside the fort at Shergarh (ancient Kośavardhana). The three Tīrthaṅkaras represented are Śānti (Śāntinātha), Kunthu or Kunthanātha and Ara (Aranātha).

India history book cover
context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

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Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

Visala in India is the name of a plant defined with Citrullus colocynthis in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Cucumis colocynthis L. (among others).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Species Plantarum
· Linnaea (1838)
· The Gardeners Dictionary (1754)
· Garcia Orta, Sér. Bot. (1976)
· Index Seminum [Goettingen] (1833)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Visala, for example pregnancy safety, side effects, extract dosage, health benefits, diet and recipes, chemical composition, have a look at these references.

Biology book cover
context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

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Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

[«previous next»] — Vishala in Pali glossary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

visāla : (adj.) large, broad; extensive; bulky.

Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Visāla, (adj.) (cp. Sk. viśāla) wide, broad, extensive Sn. 38; J. V, 49, 215 (°pakhuma); Miln. 102, 311.

Pali book cover
context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

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Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

viśāla (विशाल).—a (S) pop. viśāḷa a Great, large, huge, vast, immense.

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visāḷa (विसाळ) [or ळा, ḷā].—m Envy.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

viśāla (विशाल) [-ḷa, -ळ].—a Great, large, huge, vast.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Viśāla (विशाल).—a.

1) Large, great, extensive, spacious, broad, wide; गृहैर्विशालैरपि भूरिशालैः (gṛhairviśālairapi bhūriśālaiḥ) Śiśupālavadha 3.5; रथचरण- विशालश्रोणिलोलेक्षणेन (rathacaraṇa- viśālaśroṇilolekṣaṇena) 11.23;17.47; R.2.21;6.32; ते तं भुक्त्वा स्वर्गलोकं विशालम् (te taṃ bhuktvā svargalokaṃ viśālam) Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 9.21.

2) Rich or abounding in; श्रीविशालां विशालाम् (śrīviśālāṃ viśālām) Meghadūta 3.

3) Eminent, illustrious, great, noble, celebrated.

-laḥ 1 A kind of deer.

2) A kind of bird.

-lā 1 Name of the town Ujjayini; पूर्वोद्दिष्टामनु- सर पुरीं श्रीविशालां विशालाम् (pūrvoddiṣṭāmanu- sara purīṃ śrīviśālāṃ viśālām) Meghadūta 3.

2) Name of a river.

3) Colocynth (Mar. moṭhī kaṃvaḍaḷa).

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Viṣala (विषल).—Poison, venom.

Derivable forms: viṣalaḥ (विषलः).

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Visala (विसल).—See बिसल (bisala).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Viśālā (विशाला).—= (Sanskrit) tṛṣṇā: Dharmasamuccaya (unpu-blished [Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit] work) 5.23 and 32, according to Renou, JA Jul.- [Page501-a+ 71] Sept. 1939, p. 336, n. 1; see s.v. jālinī. (Renou kindly informs me in a letter of May 16, 1945, that his reference to Abhidharmakośa, Index, was an error.)

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Viśāla (विशाल).—mfn.

(-laḥ-lā-laṃ) 1. Great, large. 2. Broad. 3. Great, eminent, illustrious. m.

(-laḥ) 1. A sort of deer. 2. A sort of bird. f.

(-lā) 1. The city Ougein. 2. Bitter apple, (Cucumis colocynthis.) 3. Name of a river. E. vi particle, and śālac aff.; or viś to enter, Unadi aff. kālan .

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Viṣala (विषल).—m.

(-laḥ) Poison, venom. E. viṣa poison, lac aff.

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Visala (विसल).—n.

(-laṃ) A shoot, a sprout. E. vi variously, sal to go, aff. ac .

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Viśāla (विशाल).— (perhaps vb. śri), I. adj. 1. Great, large, [Hitopadeśa] 14, 4, M.M. 2. Broad. 3. Paninent, illustrious, [Hitopadeśa] pr. [distich] 39. M.M. Ii. m. A sort of deer. Iii. f. . 1. The city Ougein, [Meghadūta, (ed. Gildemeister.)] 31, and another town. 2. Bitter apple, Cucumis colocynthis.

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Visala (विसल).—probably vi-sṛ + a (with l for r), m. A shoot, a sprout.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Viśāla (विशाल).—[adjective] extensive, wide, large; intensive, great, important. [feminine] ā [Epithet] of the city of Ujjayinī.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Viśala (विशल):—[=vi-śala] m. (for viśāla) Name of the son of Abja, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]

2) Viśalā (विशला):—[=vi-śalā] [from vi-śala] f. Name of a town, [ib.] (cf. vaiśālī).

3) Viśāla (विशाल):—mf(ā [according to] to [gana] bahvādi also ī)n. ([probably] [from] √viś; [according to] to others, [from] vi-√śṛ) spacious, extensive, broad, wide, large, [Taittirīya-saṃhitā] etc. etc. (am ind. extensively, [Pañcaviṃśa-brāhmaṇa])

4) great, important, powerful, mighty, illustrious, eminent, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.

5) (ifc.) abundant in, full of [Kapila]

6) m. a kind of beast or bird or plant, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) a [particular] Ṣaḍ-aha, [???]

8) Name of the father of Takṣaka, [Śāṅkhāyana-gṛhya-sūtra]

9) of an Asura, [Kathāsaritsāgara]

10) of a son of Ikṣvāku (founder of the city Viśālā), [Rāmāyaṇa]

11) of a son of Tṛṇabindu, [Purāṇa]

12) of a king of Vaidiśa, [Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa]

13) of a mountain, [ib.]

14) Viśālā (विशाला):—[from viśāla] f. colocynth, [Suśruta]

15) [v.s. ...] Basella Cordifolia, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

16) [v.s. ...] Portulaca Quadrifida, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

17) [v.s. ...] = -mahendravāruṇī, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

18) [v.s. ...] (in music) a [particular] Mūrchanā, [Saṃgīta-sārasaṃgraha]

19) [v.s. ...] Name of the city Ujjayinī or Ougein, [Rāmāyaṇa; Meghadūta; Kathāsaritsāgara]

20) [v.s. ...] of another town (See vaiśālī, vaiśalī)

21) [v.s. ...] of a river and a hermitage situated on it, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa; Bhāgavata-purāṇa]

22) [v.s. ...] = sarasvatī, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

23) [v.s. ...] Name of an Apsaras, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa]

24) [v.s. ...] of the wife of Aja-mīḍha, [Mahābhārata]

25) [v.s. ...] of the wife of Ariṣṭa-nemi (and daughter of Dakṣa), [Gāruḍa-purāṇa]

26) Viśāla (विशाल):—n. Name of a place of pilgrimage, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]

27) n. [dual number] (with viṣṇoḥ) Name of two Sāmans, [Ārṣeya-brāhmaṇa]

28) Viṣala (विषल):—[from viṣ] n. poison, venom, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Viśāla (विशाल):—[vi-śāla] (laḥ-lā-laṃ) a. Great, broad. m. Sort of deer or bird. f. Oujein; bitter apple.

2) Viṣala (विषल):—(laḥ) 1. m. Poison, venom.

3) Visala (विसल):—[vi-sala] (laṃ) 1. n. A shoot.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Viśāla (विशाल) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Visāla, Visālā.

[Sanskrit to German]

Vishala in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

[«previous next»] — Vishala in Hindi glossary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

1) Viśāla (विशाल) [Also spelled vishal]:—(a) huge, large, big, spacious; grand, extensive, vast; great, gigantic, colossal; ~[] hugeness, largeness, vastness; ~[hradaya] magnanimous, liberal, bounteous; hence ~[hradayatā] (nf).

2) Visāla (विसाल) [Also spelled visal]:—(nm) union (of lover and beloved).

context information

...

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Prakrit-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

1) Visāla (विसाल) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Viśāla.

2) Visālā (विसाला) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Viśālā.

3) Vīsāla (वीसाल) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Miśra.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Viśāla (ವಿಶಾಲ):—

1) [noun] the vine Citrullus colocynthis ( = Cucumis colocynthis) of Cucurbitaceae family.

2) [noun] its fruit.

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Viśāla (ವಿಶಾಲ):—

1) [adjective] very large; huge; gigantic.

2) [adjective] wide; broad; extensive.

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Viśāla (ವಿಶಾಲ):—

1) [noun] the quality of being very large; largeness; hugeness; gigantism.

2) [noun] the quality of being wide, broad; width; breadth.

3) [noun] (pros.) a metrical verse of four lines, each having two groups of three syllables each followed by a long syllable (uuu, uu-, -).

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Viśāḷa (ವಿಶಾಳ):—[noun] = ವಿಶಾಲ [vishala]3.

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Viṣala (ವಿಷಲ):—[noun] a dissolute, debauched man.

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Viṣaḷa (ವಿಷಳ):—[noun] any poisonous substance or venom.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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Nepali dictionary

Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

Viśāla (विशाल):—adj. 1. large; great; extensive; broad; 2. rich; abounding in; 3. eminent; great; noble; celebrated;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

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