Maruta, Māruta, Maruṭā: 29 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
1. Purana
2. Kavya
3. Jyotisha
4. Shaktism
5. Yoga
6. Arts
7. Natyashastra
In Buddhism
1. Tibetan Buddhism
Biology
Languages
1. Pali
2. Marathi
3. Sanskrit
4. Hindi
5. Kannada
6. Nepali
See also
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Introduction:

Maruta means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) Māruta (मारुत).—The fortynine Vāyus. (For details see under DITI).

2) Māruta (मारुत).—An ancient place of habitation of south Bhārata. Those who stood on the right side of the Krauñcāruṇa Vyūha (a battle array) constructed by Dhṛṣṭadyumna in the Kurukṣetra battle were the people of Māruta from south Bhārata. (Śloka 57, Chapter 50, Bhīṣma Parva).

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Māruta (मारुत) refers to the “wind”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.9 (“Śiva’s campaign”).—Accordingly, after Śiva mounted his divine chariot: “[...] But in another instant, unable to bear the weighty splendour of lord Śiva seated in the chariot, the lordly bull had to kneel down and crawl on the ground. But the lord touched the bridle and steadied the horses. Then Brahmā seated in the excellent chariot drove the excellent chariot with the velocity of mind and wind (māruta) [manomārutaraṃhasaḥ], at the bidding of the lord towards the three cities of the valiant Asuras. The cities were then in the sky. Lord Śiva was seated inside. [...]”.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Maruta (मरुत).—A son of Karandhama; he had no son and regarded Duṣyanta of Puru's family as his son.^*

* Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 23. 17.

1b) Born of Marutvatī.^*

* Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa I. 1. 112; 2. 41; Vāyu-purāṇa 10. 71; 66. 33.

1c) Mitrajyoti was his daughter.^*

* Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 68. 1, 4.

2a) Māruta (मारुत).—The Wind God,¹ appointed father of Bhīma;² with Agni appointed to destroy the Asuras; Soma escaped to the ocean; Indra ordered them to dry up the ocean and they refused to incure this sin; hence were cursed to be born on the earth; did so in one body as Agastya;³ the lord of gandhas or scents.⁴

1) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 10. 43; Vāyu-purāṇa 101. 194; 106. 59.
2) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 71. 154; Matsya-purāṇa 50. 49; Vāyu-purāṇa 96. 153.
3) Matsya-purāṇa 61. 3-19.
4) Vāyu-purāṇa 70. 11.

2b) A Pravara of the Bhārgavas.^*

* Matsya-purāṇa 195. 31; 196. 19.

Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

Māruta (मारुत) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.60.37) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Māruta) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Kavya (poetry)

Source: Wisdom Library: Kathāsaritsāgara

Māruta (मारुत) refers to a “breeze”, according to the seventeenth story of the Vetālapañcaviṃśati in the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 91. Accordingly, as the Vetāla said to king Trivikramasena:—“... servants are bound to preserve their masters even by the sacrifice of their lives. But kings are inflated with arrogance, uncontrollable as elephants, and when bent on enjoyment they snap as under the chain of the moral law. [...] And the breeze of the waving chowries fans [viz., cāmara-māruta] away the atoms of the sense of scripture taught them by old men, as it fans away flies and mosquitoes. [...]”.

The Kathāsaritsāgara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning cāmara-māruta, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravāhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyādharas (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇāḍhya’s Bṛhatkathā consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.

context information

Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

Māruta (मारुत) refers to “high winds”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 3), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The dark spots, also known as ketus, the sons of Rāhu are Tāmasa, Kīlaka and the like, and are 33 in number. How they affect the earth depends upon their color, position and shape. [...] When the spots appear on the solar disc the waters will get disturbed; the sky will be filled with dust; high winds [i.e., māruta] capable of breaking down the tops of mountains and of trees, will carry pebbles and sand along their course”.

context information

Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

Maruta (मरुत) is the name of the Siddha associated with Nāda, one the eight Sacred Seats (pīṭha), according to the Yogakhaṇḍa (chapter 14) of the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.

context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Yoga (school of philosophy)

Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

Māruta (मारुत) refers to the “breath”, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] Mind and breath (māruta) always combine like water and milk, and [their] activity is similar. Therefore, as long as there is mind, there is activity of breath, and as long as there is breath, there is activity of mind. In that case, when one disappears, the other disappears and when one is active, the other is active. And when both are unimpaired, there is awareness of all the sense faculties. When both have perished, there is the attainment of the state of liberation”.

context information

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)

Source: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)

Māruta (मारुत) refers to the “breezes” (of the pine-trees forest of the Himalaya mountains), according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, [while discussing the treatment of hawks]: “In summer, [...] when birds cry out piteously, then the season, like the forest fire, becomes intolerable to these birds [i.e., hawks], who are accustomed to the valleys of the Himalayas, on which fine slabs of stone lie scattered, cleanly washed by the waterfalls and overgrown with young shoots of emerald-green grass, and where the breezes (māruta) blow fragrant with the exudation of the pine-trees. Therefore cooling processes should be now resorted to”.

context information

This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Shodhganga: Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (ns)

Māruta (मारुत) refers to the ten “breathing techniques” [=evaṃ daśavidhaḥ prokto mārutaḥ], as mentioned in the Saṅgītaratnākara of Śārṅgadeva (1953: Vol. IV: p.162) and the Mahārāṇa Kumbha’s Saṅgītarāja (Nṛtyaratnakośa: 1968: Vol. I: pp.94-95).

The ten varieties of breathing techniques (mārutas) according to these schools are:

sama,
bhrānta,
vilīna,
āndolita,
kampita,
stambhita,
ucchvāsa,
niḥśvāsa,
sūtkṛta and
sītkṛta.

Note: The commentary of Siṃhabhūpāla (on the Saṅgītaratnākara) says that the ten-fold classification of breathing techniques are the opinion of Kohala. However, the Saṅgītaratnākara, Saṅgītarāja and Nṛtyādhyāya uniformly attribute the nine-fold classification of breathing (=Anila) techniques to Kohala and the ten-fold classification to another school (apara).

context information

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan Buddhism

Māruta (मारुत) refers to a group of deities summoned by the Yamāntaka-mantra and mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Māruta).

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and Drugs

Maruta in the Malayalam language is the name of a plant identified with Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don from the Myricaceae (Bayberry) family having the following synonyms: Myrica sapida. For the possible medicinal usage of maruta, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.

context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

māruta : (m.) the wind.

Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Māruta, (for the usual māluta) the wind S. I, 127; Mhbv 8. (Page 530)

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

māruta (मारुत).—m S Air or wind.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

māruta (मारुत).—m Air or wind.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Maruṭā (मरुटा).—A woman with a high forehead.

[Sanskrit to German]

Maruta in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

1) Maruta (मरुत) [Also spelled marut]:—(nm) air; the airgod.

2) Māruta (मारुत) [Also spelled marut]:—(nm) the air-god; air, wind.

context information

...

Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Maruta (ಮರುತ):—

1) [noun] air in motion; wind.

2) [noun] Maruta, the Wind-God.

3) [noun] (pros.) a metrical foot consisting of two short syllablic instants followed by a long one (uu-); anapaestus.

--- OR ---

Māruta (ಮಾರುತ):—

1) [noun] relating to wind or air.

2) [noun] relating to Wind-God.

--- OR ---

Māruta (ಮಾರುತ):—

1) [noun] air in natural motion; wind.

2) [noun] the Wind-God.

3) [noun] any of a group of diseases of the connective tissue, of uncertain causes or supposed to be caused by morbid affection of windy humour of the body, including rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and rheumatic fever; a rheumatic disease.

4) [noun] air taken into the lungs and then let out; breath.

5) [noun] wind (or air) as one of the three humours of the body.

6) [noun] Viṣṇu.

7) [noun] Rudra (a form of Śiva).

8) [noun] the trunk of an elephant.

9) [noun] (pros.) a metrical foot consisting of three syllables of which first two are short and third being long (uu-).

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

Māruta (मारुत):—n. 1. wind; 2. the god of wind;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

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