Prana, Prāṇā, Prāṇa, Praṇa: 21 definitions
Introduction
Introduction:
Prana means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Kubjikāmata-tantraPrāṇā (प्राणा):—Third of the eight Mātṛs born from the body of Calanī, according to the Kubjikāmata-tantra. These eight sub-manifestations (mātṛ), including Prāṇā, symbolize a relation to the wind. Prāṇā itself represents prāṇa, one of the five vital airs. They are presided over by the Bhairava Asitāṅga. Calanī is the fifth of the Eight Mahāmātṛs, residing within the Mātṛcakra (third of the five cakras) and represents wind.
Source: archive.org: Vijnana Bhairava or Divine ConsciousnessPrāṇa (प्राण).—Indian thought believes that between the body and the mind or between the material or physical energy and mental energy, there is prāṇa which is an intermediary link between the two. The word prāṇa has been variously translated as the vital force, biological energy, bio-plasma, etc. According to Indian Philosophy, between the body and manas or mind, there is prāṇa which serves as a link between the two.
Prāṇa is not mind; it is insentient, but it is not like gross physical energy which catches the vibrations of the mind and transmits them to the nerves and plexuses and also physical vibrations to the mind. By cotnrolling the mind one can control the prāṇa, and by controlling the prāṇa, one can control the mind. According to Śaivāgama, prāṇa is not something alien to saṃvit or consciousness, but the first evolute of saṃvit (consciousness). In the process of creation saṃvit or consciousness is at first transformed into prāṇa. So prāṇa is a phase of consciousness itself.
The word prāṇa is thus used in three senses—
- in a general sense of prāṇa-śakti or life-force,
- in a specific sense according to the various biological functions,
- in the sense of breath.
Prāṇa (प्राण) refers to a basic unit of time and equals 24 seconds, while 60 prāṇas corresponds to 1 ghaṭikā/nāḍikā, equalling 24 minutes. The Arcanāṅgavidhi of Pūrvakāmikāgama first details the time measurement used before explaining the pūjā schedule. The Āgama divides a day into eight major time periods, further divided into smaller units. The smallest and most basic unit of time is one svāsa. Sixty svāsa constitute one prāṇa. Sixty prāṇa constitute one ghaṭikā. Calculation is made from sunrise. Seven and a half ghaṭikā is equal to one yāma. A day consists of eight yāma, or sixty ghaṭikā.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia1) Prāṇa (प्राण).—Grandson of sage Bhṛgu. Bhṛgu got of his wife Khyāti a daughter named Lakṣmī and two sons named Dhātā and Vidhātā. They married Āyati and Niyati respectively and they got two sons named Prāṇa and Mṛkaṇḍu. Mārkaṇḍeya was the son of Mṛkaṇḍu. (Chapter 10, Aṃśa 1, Viṣṇu Purāṇa).
2) Prāṇa (प्राण).—A son born to the Vasu named Soma of his wife Manoharā. This Prāṇa was the younger brother of Varccas. These brothers had two other brothers named Śiśira and Ramaṇa. (Śloka 26, Chapter 66, Ādi Parva).
3) Prāṇa (प्राण).—Prāṇavāyu. The wind of life. (See under Parāvaha).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Prāṇa (प्राण).—A son of Vidhātri and Niyatī (āyati-br. p.). His wife was Puṇḍarīkā and Dyutimān was his son.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IV. 1. 44-45; Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 11. 6-9, 40.
1b) A Vasu and a son of Dharma; married Ūrjasvatī. Father of Saha and two other sons.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa VI. 6. 11-12; Viṣṇu-purāṇa I. 15. 113.
1c) A Bhārgava and a sage of the Svārociṣa epoch.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 36. 17; Matsya-purāṇa 9. 8.
1d) A son of Dhara;1 a Sādhya.2
1e) A son of Angiras;1 a Sādhya;2 a Tuṣita;3 an Ajitadeva.4
- 1) Matsya-purāṇa 196. 2; Vāyu-purāṇa 65. 105.
- 2) Ib. 66. 15.
- 3) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 3. 19; Vāyu-purāṇa 66. 18.
- 4) Ib. 67. 34.
1f) The antarātma; it is anna or food; anna is Brahmā, etc.; from this grows creatures. (cf. Upaniṣad; also Yajur Veda);1 one of the Vāyus which determine the karma of people;2 is jīva.3
1g) A son of Dhātṛ and father of Dyutimat.*
- * V. I. 10. 4-5.
1h) One of the seven seers of the Svārociṣa epoch.*
- * Viṣṇu-purāṇa III. 1. 11.
1) Prāṇa (प्राण) is the son of Āyati (son of Meru) and Dhātā: one of the three daughters of Bhṛgu and Khyāti: one of the twenty-four daughters of Dakṣa and Prasūti, according to the Vaṃśa (‘genealogical description’) of the 10th century Saurapurāṇa: one of the various Upapurāṇas depicting Śaivism.—Accordingly, From Bhṛgu through Khyāti, Lakṣmī (the beloved of Nārāyaṇa), Dhātā and Vidhātā were born. Dhātā and Vidhātā became the Sons-in-law of Meru marrying Āyati and Niyati respectively. Prāṇa was born form Dhātā and Mṛkaṇḍu was born from Vidhātā. Prāṇa had a son named Vedaśiras and the son of Mṛkaṇḍu was Mārkaṇḍeya.
2) Prāṇa (प्राण) is the name of one of the seven sages (saptarṣi) in the Svārociṣa-Manvantara: the second of the fourteen Manvantaras.—Accordingly, “In this second [Svārociṣa] Manvantara the deities are the Tuṣitas, Vipaścit is the name of the Indra, and Ūrja, Stambha, Prāṇa, Dānta, Ṛṣabha, Timira and Sārvarivān (Arvarīvān?) are the seven sages”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: Google Books: A Practical Approach to the Science of AyurvedaPrāṇa (प्राण).—One of the five upadoṣas (sub-functions) of vāta (one of the three biological humors).—
Location of prāṇa: Head, chest and brain.
Functions of prāṇa: Perceptions and movements of all kinds, respiratory activity, swallowing of food, conversion of breath into life-force, spitting and sneezing.
Ailments of prāṇa due to vitiation: Hiccoughs, cough, bronchial asthma, cold, sore throat and other respiratory complaints, giddiness, syncope and other neurological disorders.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammarPrāṇa (प्राण).—Air, which is instrumental in producing sound; cf. वायुः प्राणः कण्ठ्यमनुप्र दानम् (vāyuḥ prāṇaḥ kaṇṭhyamanupra dānam) R.Pr.XIII.1.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wikibooks (hi): Sanskrit Technical TermsPrāṇa (प्राण).—Unit of time equal to four sidereal seconds or one-sixth of a vināḍikā. Note: Prāṇa is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian sciences such as Astronomy, Mathematics and Geometry.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Source: Pure Bhakti: Bhagavad-gita (4th edition)Prāṇa (प्राण) refers to “(1) Life energy; life-air (2) The in-coming breath (4.27)”. (cf. Glossary page from Śrīmad-Bhagavad-Gītā).
Source: Pure Bhakti: Brhad BhagavatamrtamPrāṇa (प्राण) refers to:—The life-energy; life-air; outgoing breath. (cf. Glossary page from Śrī Bṛhad-bhāgavatāmṛta).
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Yoga Magazine: PranaThe first prana is known as Prana. It is located between the diaphragm and the throat. This prana is an upward flowing force. It maintains the function of the lungs and heart, and is responsible for inhalation and exhalation, and for the swallowing and regurgitation of food. Although it is an upward moving force in general, it also has the ability to move downward in that region.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 5: The category of the non-livingPrāṇa (प्राण, “respiration”) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 5.19.—The function of matter (pudgala) is to form the basis of the body (śarīra), the organs of speech (vāc), the mind (manas) and the respiration (prāṇa). What is the meaning of life force (prāṇa)? The cause of the life or to exist in a particular realm is called prāṇa (breathe or respiration).
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryPrāṇa.—(CII 1), living being; same as prāṇin. (IE 7-1-2), ‘five’. Note: prāṇa is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryprāṇa (प्राण).—m (S) A vital air. Five are enumerated, viz. prāṇa, apāna, vyāna, udāna, samāna. 2 The first of the five, used, from its seat in the lungs, preeminently, and expressing life or vitality. 3 fig. Anything dearly loved. 4 Breath, air inhaled. 5 Air or wind. For figurative senses, phrases, and applications of this word besides the few subjoined here see under jīva. ughaḍyā ḍōḷyānēṃ prāṇa jāta nāhīṃ One cannot die or rest in tranquility whilst his eyes are open (unto some iniquity or impropriety). prāṇa uraṇēṃ g. of s. To be but alive. prāṇa ōkaṇēṃ To indulge excessive sorrow. 2 To long after vehemently. prāṇa pl jāṇēṃ g. of s. To die. prāṇa ṭhēvaṇēṃ To set one's heart and affections upon. 2 Phrase. mī prāṇa ṭhēvaṇāra nāhīṃ I will not live. prāṇa dēṇēṃ To give up or resign one's life. prāṇa vāhaṇēṃ To devote one's self, soul and spirit, to the service of. Ex. prāṇa vāhilā pāyāvarī ||. prāṇa sōkhaṇēṃ g. of s. To be parched with thirst. 2 To long and pant for; to thirst after. prāṇa sōḍaṇēṃ To resign one's breath. prāṇācā vālhī Lord of one's life, viz. a husband. prāṇāpēkṣā kaṭhīṇa Worse than death. prāṇāśīṃ jāṇēṃ To lose life (through some violence or with prematureness).
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishprāṇa (प्राण).—m A vital air. Life. Anything dearly loved. Breath. Air. ughaḍyā ḍōḷyānē prāṇa jāta nāhīṃ One cannot rest in tranquillity whilst his eyes are open to some iniquity or impropriety. prāṇa uraṇēṃ To be just alive. prāṇa pl jāṇēṃ To die. prāṇa ṭhēvaṇēṃ To set one's heart and affections upon. mī prāṇa ṭhēvaṇāra nāhīṃ I will not live. prāṇa dēṇēṃ To give up or resign one's life. prāṇa vāhaṇēṃ To devote one's self or soul to the service of. prāṇa sōkhaṇēṃ To be parched with thirst. To thirst after. prāṇa sōḍaṇēṃ To resign one's breath. prāṇācā vālhī-lī Lord of one's life, viz. a husband. prāṇāpēkṣāṃ kaṭhīṇa Worse than death.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPraṇa (प्रण).—a. Old, ancient.
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Praṇa (प्रण).—1 P.
1) To bow down, salute, make a low obeisance to, be humble (with acc. or dative); न प्रणमन्ति देवताभ्यः (na praṇamanti devatābhyaḥ) K.18; तां भक्तिप्रवणेन चेतसा प्रणनाम (tāṃ bhaktipravaṇena cetasā praṇanāma) K. 228; Ku.7.27; तस्मात् प्रणम्य प्रणिधाय कायम् (tasmāt praṇamya praṇidhāya kāyam) Bg.11.44; R.2.21. (sāṣṭāṅgaṃ praṇam 'to fall down on the eight limbs'; see aṣṭāṅga; daṇḍavat praṇam 'to bow by throwing oneself down on the ground quite prostrate and flat like a stick placed horizontally, touching the ground at all points; cf. daṇḍapraṇāma.) -Caus. (praṇamayati) To cause to bow down; तामर्चिताभ्यः कुलदेवताभ्यः कुलप्रतिष्ठां प्रणमय्य माता (tāmarcitābhyaḥ kuladevatābhyaḥ kulapratiṣṭhāṃ praṇamayya mātā) Ku.7.27.
2) To bend, incline.
Derivable forms: praṇam (प्रणम्).
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Prāṇa (प्राण).—1 Breath, respiration.
2) The breath of life, vitality, life, vital air, principle of life (usually pl. in this sense, the Prāṇas being five; prāṇa, apāna, samāna, vyāna and udāna); प्राणैरुपक्रोशमलीमसैर्वा (prāṇairupakrośamalīmasairvā) R.2.53;12.54; (hṛdi prāṇo gude'pānaḥ samāno nābhisaṃsthitaḥ | udānaḥ kaṇṭhadeśastho vyānaḥ sarvaśarīragaḥ ||).
3) The first of the five life-winds or vital airs (which has its seat in the lungs); अपाने जुह्वति प्राणं प्राणेऽपानं तथापरे । प्राणापानगती रुद्ध्वा प्राणायाम- परायणाः (apāne juhvati prāṇaṃ prāṇe'pānaṃ tathāpare | prāṇāpānagatī ruddhvā prāṇāyāma- parāyaṇāḥ) || Bg.4.29.
4) Wind, air inhaled.
5) Energy, vigour, strength, power; as in प्राणसार (prāṇasāra) q. v.; युद्धातिथ्यं प्रदास्यामि यथाप्राणं निशाचर (yuddhātithyaṃ pradāsyāmi yathāprāṇaṃ niśācara) Rām.3.5.28; Bhāg.8.2.29; सर्वप्राणप्रवणमघवन्मुक्तमाहत्य वक्षः (sarvaprāṇapravaṇamaghavanmuktamāhatya vakṣaḥ) Mv.1.45.
6) The spirit or soul (opp. śarīra).
7) The Supreme Spirit; इमानि भूतानि प्राणमेवाभिसंविशन्ति (imāni bhūtāni prāṇamevābhisaṃviśanti) Bṛ. Up.1.11.5.
8) An organ of sense; स्पृष्ट्वैतानशुचिर्नित्यमद्भिः प्राणानुपस्पृशेत् । गात्राणि चैव सर्वाणि नाभिं पाणितलेन तु (spṛṣṭvaitānaśucirnityamadbhiḥ prāṇānupaspṛśet | gātrāṇi caiva sarvāṇi nābhiṃ pāṇitalena tu) || Ms.4.143; मरीचिमिश्रा ऋषयः प्राणेभ्योऽहं च जज्ञिरे (marīcimiśrā ṛṣayaḥ prāṇebhyo'haṃ ca jajñire) Bhāg.1.6.31.
9) Any person or thing as dear and necessary as life, a beloved person or object; कोशः कोशवतः प्राणाः प्राणाः प्राणा न भूपतेः (kośaḥ kośavataḥ prāṇāḥ prāṇāḥ prāṇā na bhūpateḥ) H.2.9; अर्थपतेर्विमर्दको बहिश्चराः प्राणाः (arthapatervimardako bahiścarāḥ prāṇāḥ) Dk.
1) The life or essence of poetry, poetical talent or genius; inspiration.
11) Aspiration; as in महाप्राण (mahāprāṇa) or अल्पप्राण (alpaprāṇa) q. v.
12) Digestion.
13) A breath as a measure of time.
14) Gum-myrrh.
15) Life, living (jīvana); दैवं च दैवसंयुक्तं प्राणश्च प्राणदश्च ह । अपेक्षापूर्वकरणादशुभानां शुभं फलम् (daivaṃ ca daivasaṃyuktaṃ prāṇaśca prāṇadaśca ha | apekṣāpūrvakaraṇādaśubhānāṃ śubhaṃ phalam) || Mb.12.36.14.
16) Food (anna); अनस्तिकानां भूतानां प्राणदाः पितरश्च ये (anastikānāṃ bhūtānāṃ prāṇadāḥ pitaraśca ye) Mb.12.12.4.
17) Name of Brahmā, Viṣṇu and other gods.
Derivable forms: prāṇaḥ (प्राणः).
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Prāṇā (प्राणा).—f. Name of Garuḍa's mother-in-law; L. D. B.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryPrāṇa (प्राण).—m. (= Pali pāṇa; compare next; Sanskrit only prāṇin), (1) usually, living being, creature, in very inclusive sense: Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 27.15; Lalitavistara 394.19 (bahuprāṇakoṭyaḥ, all mss.); Mahāvastu i.3.3 (prāṇa-koṭīṣu); 13.14 (pīḍayanti bahu prāṇāṃ); 128.8 (prāṇāṃ jīvitād vyaparopayanti); 145.8; 247.1; ii.6.2 (verse, prāṇeṣu, for prāṇiṣu, same verse, i.202.5); (2) rarely, animal (excluding human and superhuman beings), see prāṇaka 2: ye te sthalacarāḥ prāṇā…sarvāṇi prāṇaka-(NB!)- jātīni samānetha…ye kecij jalacarā prāṇāḥ…sarva- bhūtehi yajñaṃ yajiṣyāmi Mahāvastu ii.95.9-11; note at end of this story, te sarve prāṇaka-jātīyo…osṛṣṭā 99.17; (3) once even more specifically of insects, = prāṇaka 3: niḥprāṇenodakena (Ārya-)Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 37.19 (prose).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPraṇa (प्रण).—mfn.
(-ṇaḥ-ṇā-ṇaṃ) Old, ancient. E. pra substituted for purāṇa, and na aff.
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Prāṇa (प्राण).—mfn.
(-ṇaḥ-ṇā-ṇaṃ) Full, replete, filled. m.
(-ṇaḥ) 1. Air inhaled, inspiration, breath. 2. Air, wind. 3. Life, vitality. 4. A vital organ or part. 5. Strength, power. 6. Myrrh. 7. Poetical talent or inspiration. 8. A name of Bramha. 9. A title of Bramha, the Supreme spirit. 10. An aspiration in the articulation of letters. m. plu.
(-ṇāḥ) The five vital airs or modes of inspiration and expiration collectively. E. pra before, an to breathe, aff. ghañ .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryPrāṇa (प्राण).—i. e. pra-an + a, m. 1. Breath, [Vikramorvaśī, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 1. 2. Air, wind. 3. A vital organ, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 4, 143. 4. One of the five vital airs, [Vedāntasāra, (in my Chrestomathy.)] in
Prāṇa (प्राण).—[masculine] breath, [especially] vital breath, vitality; wind, [especially] one of the winds in the human body; [plural] life, the vital organs or organs of sensation.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Praṇa (प्रण):—mfn. ([from] 1. pra) ancient, old, [Pāṇini 5-4, 30], [vArttika] 7, [Patañjali]
2) Prāṇa (प्राण):—[from prā] 1. prāṇa mfn. (for 2. See p. 705, col. 1.) filled, full, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) [from prān] 2. prāṇa m. (ifc. f(ā). ; for 1. See under √prā, p.701) the breath of life, breath, respiration, spirit, vitality
4) [v.s. ...] [plural] life, [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc. (prāṇān with √muc or √hā or pari- √tyaj, ‘to resign or quit life’; with √rakṣ, ‘to save l°’; with ni-√han, ‘to destroy l°’; tvam me prāṇaḥ, ‘thou art to me as dear as l°’; often ifc.; cf. pati-, māna-pr)
5) [v.s. ...] a vital organ vital air (3 in number, viz. prāṇa, apāna and vyāna, [Aitareya-brāhmaṇa; Taittirīya-upaniṣad; Suśruta]; usually 5, viz. the preceding with sam-āna and, ud-āna, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Mahābhārata; Suśruta] etc. cf. [Monier-Williams’ Buddhism 242]; or with the other vital organs 6 [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa]; or 7 [Atharva-veda; Brāhmaṇa; Muṇḍaka-upaniṣad]; or 9 [Atharva-veda; Taittirīya-saṃhitā; Brāhmaṇa]; or 10 [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa]; [plural] the 5 organs of vitality or sensation, viz. prāṇa, vāc, cakṣus, śrotra, manas, collectively, [Chāndogya-upaniṣad ii, 7, i]; or = nose, mouth, eyes and ears, [Gopatha-brāhmaṇa; ???; Manu-smṛti iv, 143])
6) [v.s. ...] air inhaled, wind, [Atharva-veda; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa]
7) [v.s. ...] breath (as a sign of strength), vigour, energy, power, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa] etc. (sarvaprāṇena or -prāṇaiḥ, ‘with all one’s strength’ or ‘all one’s heart’; cf. yathā-prāṇam)
8) [v.s. ...] a breath (as a measure of time, or the t° requisite for the pronunciation of 10 long syllables = 1/6 Vināḍikā), [Varāha-mihira; Āryabhaṭa; Viṣṇu-purāṇa]
9) [v.s. ...] Name of a Kalpa (the 6th day in the light half of Brahmā’s month), [Purāṇa]
10) [v.s. ...] (in Sāṃkhya) the spirit (= puruṣa), [Tattvasamāsa]
11) [v.s. ...] (in Vedānta) the spirit identified with the totality of dreaming spirits, [Vedāntasāra; Religious Thought and Life in India 35] (cf. prāṇātman)
12) [v.s. ...] poetical inspiration, [Horace H. Wilson]
13) [v.s. ...] myrrh, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
14) [v.s. ...] a Name of the letter y, [Upaniṣad]
15) [v.s. ...] of a Sāman, [Tāṇḍya-brāhmaṇa] (vasiṣṭhasya prāṇāpānau, [Ārṣeya-brāhmaṇa])
16) [v.s. ...] of Brahmā, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
17) [v.s. ...] of Viṣṇu, [Religious Thought and Life in India 106]
18) [v.s. ...] of a Vasu, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
19) [v.s. ...] of a son of the Vasu Dhara, [Harivaṃśa]
20) [v.s. ...] of a Marut, [Yājñavalkya [Scholiast or Commentator]]
21) [v.s. ...] of a son of Dhātṛ, [Purāṇa]
22) [v.s. ...] of a son of Vidhātṛ, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
23) [v.s. ...] of a Ṛṣi in the 2nd Manv-antara, [Harivaṃśa]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+336): Prana Vayu Mudra, Prana-dakshinya, Prana-pratishta, Prana-sameta, Pranabadha, Pranabh, Pranabhaj, Pranabhaksha, Pranabhaksham, Pranabharana, Pranabhasvat, Pranabhatvat, Pranabhaya, Pranabhisara, Pranabhrit, Pranabhuta, Pranabuddhi, Pranaca Girihaika, Pranacara, Pranacarya.
Ends with (+37): Alpabalaprana, Alpaprana, Annamayaprana, Antah-prana, Antahprana, Apetaprana, Apiprana, Aprana, Ardhaprana, Asthigata-prana, Bahih-prana, Bahishprana, Balaprana, Dattaprana, Dirghaprana, Gataprana, Hasta-prana, Jagataprana, Jagatprana, Jivaprana.
Full-text (+537): Patiprana, Pranabadha, Pranapana, Pranaprada, Pranayama, Prananatha, Pancaprana, Pranarodha, Pranamaya, Pranakarman, Pranayatra, Pranaharin, Pranayoni, Pranahara, Pranapriya, Vasuprana, Pranamayakosha, Jagatprana, Pranahuti, Pranasamrodha.
Relevant text
Search found 126 books and stories containing Prana, Prāṇā, Prāṇa, Praṇa, Pra-na, Pra-ṇa; (plurals include: Pranas, Prāṇās, Prāṇas, Praṇas, nas, ṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Mundaka Upanishad with Shankara’s Commentary (by S. Sitarama Sastri)
Verse 2.1.8 < [Mundaka II, Khanda I]
Verse 3.1.9 < [Mundaka III, Khanda I]
Verse 2.1.2 < [Mundaka II, Khanda I]
Prashna Upanishad with Shankara’s Commentary (by S. Sitarama Sastri)
Verse 3.4 < [Prashna III - The origin and nature of Prana]
Verse 2.7 < [Prashna II - Discussion of Devas]
Verse 3.1 < [Prashna III - The origin and nature of Prana]
Vivekachudamani (by Shankara)
Amritanada Upanishad of Krishna-Yajurveda (by K. Narayanasvami Aiyar)
Brahma Sutras (Vedanta Sutras) (by George Thibaut)
II, 4, 17 < [Second Adhyāya, Fourth Pāda]
IV, 2, 4 < [Fourth Adhyāya, Second Pāda]
II, 4, 11 < [Second Adhyāya, Fourth Pāda]
Prashna Upanishad (Madhva commentary) (by Srisa Chandra Vasu)