Roga: 22 definitions
Introduction
Introduction:
Roga means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Rog.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval IndiaRoga (रोग) or Rogacatuṣka refers to one of the seven subsections of the Sūtrasthāna of the Carakasaṃhitā which enjoys a prime position among Ayurvedic treatises and is written in the form of advices of the sage Ātreya to the sage Agniveśa. The Carakasaṃhitā contains eight sections [viz., sūtrasthāna]. Sūtrasthāna contains 30 chapters. Of them the first 28 chapters are divided into seven subsections namely catuṣakas [viz., roga-catuṣka].
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsRoga (रोग):—Discomfort; pain; Disease
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationRoga (रोग) refers to “ailments”, which one is able to drive away (uccāṭa) through the worship of Śiva, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.1.14:—“[...] the worship with Japā flowers (China rose) brings about the death of enemies (śatrumṛtyu). Karavīra flowers drive away all ailments (roga-uccāṭa)”.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexRoga (रोग).—To be worshipped in housebuilding and palace building.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 253. 26; 268. 17.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Wisdom Library: HinduismRoga (रोग, “sickness”):—The charioteer of Yama, who resides in the city known as Saṃyaminī. Yama, the vedic God of death, represents the embodiment of Dharma. Yama rules over the kingdom of the dead and binds humankind according to the fruits of their karma.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Dhamma Dana: Pali English GlossaryM (Sickness).
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraRoga (रोग, “sickness”) refers to one of the eight kinds of contemplations (anupaśyanā) among the Buddha’s disciples, according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XVI). Accordingly, “for them, everything is impermanent (anitya), suffering (duḥkha), empty (śūnya), egoless (anātmaka), like a sickness (roga), an ulcer (gaṇḍa), like an arrow (śalya) stuck in one’s body, like an agony (agha)”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan BuddhismRoga (रोग) refers to a group of deities summoned by the Yamāntaka-mantra and mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Roga).
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraRoga (रोग, “illness”) refers to one of the hardships (parīṣaha), or “series of trials hard to endure” according to the Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra 10.1 (Incarnation as Nandana). While practicing penance for a lac of years, Muni Nandana also endured a series of trials hard to endure (e.g., roga). Nandana is the name of a king as well as one of Mahāvīra’s previous births.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryroga : (m.) disease; illness.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryRoga, (Vedic roga: ruj (see rujati), cp. Sk. rujā breakage, illness) illness, disease.—The definition of roga at J. II, 437 is “roga rujana-sabhāvattaṃ. ” There are many diff. enumerations of rogas and sets of standard combinations, of which the foll. may be mentioned. At sn 311 (cp. D. III, 75) it is said that in old times there were only 3 diseases, viz. icchā, anasanaṃ, jarā, which gradually, through slaughtering of animals, increased to 98. Bdhgh at SnA 324 hints at these 98 with “cakkhu-rog’adinā-bhedena. ” Beginning with this (cakkhuroga affection of the eye) we have a list of 34 rogas at Nd1 13 (under pākaṭa-parissayā or open dangers=Nd1 360= Nd2 420) & Nd2 3041 B, viz. cakkhu° & the other 4 senses, sīsa°, kaṇṇa°, mukha°, danta°; kāsa, sāsa, pināsa, ḍāha, jara; kucchiroga, mucchā, pakkhandikā, sūlā, visūcikā; kuṭṭhaṃ, gaṇḍo, kilāso, soso, apamāro; daddu, kaṇḍu, kacchu, rakhasā, vitacchikā, lohita‹-› pittaṃ, madhumeho, aṃsā, piḷakā, bhagandalā. This list is followed by list of 10 ābādhas & under “dukkha” goes on with var. other “ills, ” which however do not make up the number 98. The same list is found at A. V, 110. The 10 ābādhas (Nd2 3041 C.) occur at A. II, 87 & Miln. 308 (as āgantuka-rogā). The 4 “rogas” of the Sun (miln 273, cp. Vin. II, 295) are: abbha, mahikā, megha, Rāhu.—Another mention of roga together with plagues which attack the corn in the field is given at J. V, 401, viz. visa-vāta; mūsika-salabha-suka-pāṇaka; setaṭṭhika-roga etc., i.e. hurtful winds, mice, moths & parrots, mildew.—The combination roga, gaṇḍa, salla is sometimes found, e.g. M. II, 230; Vism. 335. Of other single rogas we mention: kucchi° (stomach-ache) J. I, 243; ahivātaka° Vin. I, 78; J. II, 79; IV, 200; DhA. I, 231; paṇḍu° jaundice Vin. I, 206; J. II, 102; DhA. I, 25; tiṇapupphaka° hay-fever Miln. 216.—See also ātaṅka & ābādha. On roga in similes see J. P. T. S. 1907, 130. ‹-› D. I, 11, 73; III, 182; S. III, 32; IV, 64; A. II, 128, 142 sq.; IV, 289, ; Nd1 486; Vism. 236 (as cause of death), 512 (in simile); VbhA. 88 (in sim. of dukkha etc.); ThA. 288; VvA. 6 (rogena phuṭṭha), 75 (sarīre r. uppajji); PvA. 86 (kacchu°), 212 (rogena abhibhūta).—Opp. aroga health: see sep.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryrōga (रोग).—m (S) Disease or disorder; illness in general organic or functional. 2 A disease or a disorder. 3 A diseased part (of fruits, flowers &c.) Ex. agastyācē phulāntalī madhalī kāḍī tō rōga āhē tī kāḍhūna ṭāka. 4 Anything viewed as causing disease. Ex. hē dhaḍadhaḍīta kiḍakē tāndūḷa disatāta āṇi paikā kharcūna hā rōga kaśālā āṇalā. 5 Vexation at another's success or good fortune. 6 Applied to any person or beast viewed as hateful, nasty, troublesome, vile.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishrōga (रोग).—m Disease. Vexation at another's success.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryRoga (रोग).—[ruj-ghañ]
1) A disease, sickness, malady, distemper, infirmity; सन्तापयन्ति कमपथ्यभुजं न रोगाः (santāpayanti kamapathyabhujaṃ na rogāḥ) H.3.11; भोगे रोगभयम् (bhoge rogabhayam) Bh.3.35.
2) A diseased spot.
3) Costus Speciosus (Mar. koṣṭha).
Derivable forms: rogaḥ (रोगः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryRoga (रोग).—m.
(-gaḥ) 1. Sickness, disease in general, or a disease. 2. A sort of Costus, (C. speciosus.) E. ruj to be or make sick, aff. ghañ .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryRoga (रोग).—i. e. ruj + a, I. m. 1. Disease, [Pañcatantra] iii. [distich] 244. 2. A sort of Costus, C. speciosus.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryRoga (रोग).—[masculine] infirmity, disease; sore place.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Roga (रोग):—m. (√1. ruj) ‘breaking up of strength’, disease, infirmity, sickness (also personified as an evil demon), [Atharva-veda] etc. etc.
2) a diseased spot, [Suśruta]
3) Costus Speciosus or Arabicus, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryRoga (रोग):—(gaḥ) 1. m. Sickness, disease; Costus speciosus.
[Sanskrit to German] (Deutsch Wörterbuch)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Böhtlingk and Roth Grosses Petersburger WörterbuchRoga (रोग):—
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Sanskrit-Wörterbuch in kürzerer FassungRoga (रोग):—m. (adj. Comp. f. ā) —
1) Gebrechen , Krankheit. prajāroga so v.a. eine Plage für die Unterthanen. Auch personificirt als Genius. —
2) eine kranke Stelle [217,31.] —
3) *Costus speciosus oder arabicus.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryRoga (रोग) [Also spelled rog]:—(nm) a disease; illness, ailment, sickness; malady; affliction; ~[kara/kāraka/kārī] infectious, causing illness, sickening; ~[grasta] ailing; diseased, ill, sick; ~[nāśaka/hara/hārī] curative; cure; -[nidāna] diagnosis, pathogenesis; ~[nirodhī] prophylactic; ~[bhrama] hypochondria; ~[bhramī] hypochondriac; ~[mukti] cure; -[lakṣaṇa] symptom (of disease); ~[vāhaka] disease-carrier; —[kī jaḍa khāṃsī laḍāī kī jaḍa hāṃsī] jokes lie at the root of all conflicts as cough at the root of all physical ailments; —[pālanā] to knowingly own a malady; to develop an unhealthy habit.
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See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+72): Roga Sutta, Rogabhaj, Rogabhavana, Rogabhaya, Rogabhu, Rogabhyagama, Rogacatushka, Rogada, Rogadhisha, Rogadi, Rogadivarga, Rogadya, Rogagela, Rogaghna, Rogagrama, Rogagrasta, Rogaha, Rogahan, Rogahara, Rogahari.
Ends with (+109): Adhyaroga, Agantujaroga, Ahivatakaroga, Akkhiroga, Akshiroga, Angaroga, Antila Roga, Arishtaroga, Aroga, Arshoroga, Ashtamaharoga, Asyaroga, Atiroga, Aupasargikaroga, Bahattara Roga, Bahattara-roga, Balantaroga, Balaroga, Bamlataroga, Bhasmakaroga.
Full-text (+363): Atiroga, Saroga, Rogaharin, Taimira, Cakshuroga, Kshayaroga, Kshudraroga, Paparoga, Rogagrasta, Rogabhu, Rogaraja, Shiroroga, Rogashanti, Rogin, Hridroga, Tamra, Rogashantaka, Arogata, Arshoroga, Aroga.
Relevant text
Search found 30 books and stories containing Roga, Rōga; (plurals include: Rogas, Rōgas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 4: Iatrochemistry (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Part 25 - Treatment of Udara-roga (22): Application of parpati < [Chapter VI - Diseases affecting the belly (udara-roga)]
Part 1 - Characteristics of Udara-roga (diseases affecting the belly) < [Chapter VI - Diseases affecting the belly (udara-roga)]
Part 19 - Treatment for enlargement of spleen and liver (18): Jakrithari Lauha < [Chapter VII - Enlargement of spleen (plihodara) and liver (yakridudara)]
The Garuda Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)
Chapter CLXXXII - The Nidanam of Shlipadam (Elephantiasis) < [Dhanvantari Samhita]
Chapter CLXXII - The Nidanam of diseases of the head < [Dhanvantari Samhita]
Chapter CLXXV - The Nidanam, of diseases peculiar to parturient women < [Dhanvantari Samhita]
Sushruta Samhita, Volume 6: Uttara-tantra (by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna)
Chapter XLIV - Symptoms and Treatment of Jaundice (Pandu-roga) < [Canto III - Kaya-chikitsa-tantra (internal medicine)]
Chapter XXV - Symptoms of diseases of the head < [Canto I - Shalakya-tantra (ears, eyes, nose, mouth and throat)]
Chapter LIV - Symptoms and Treatment of Worms (Krimi-roga) < [Canto III - Kaya-chikitsa-tantra (internal medicine)]
Charaka Samhita (English translation) (by Shree Gulabkunverba Ayurvedic Society)
Chapter 19 - The Eight Abdominal affections (udara-roga) < [Sutrasthana (Sutra Sthana)]
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 3: Metals, Gems and other substances (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Part 2 - Semi-poison (2): Arka < [Chapter XXXI - Upavisha (semi-poisons)]
Part 9 - Semi-poison (9): Bhallataka < [Chapter XXXI - Upavisha (semi-poisons)]
Part 3 - Incineration of copper < [Chapter III - Metals (3): Tamra (copper)]
Sushruta Samhita, volume 4: Cikitsasthana (by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna)