Kārikā 4

āha- athāsya prameyasya kutaḥ siddhiriti ?
ucyate-

prameyasiddhiḥ pramāṇāddhi // ISk_4d //

pramīyate taditi prameyam / prameyasya siddhiḥ prameyasiddhiḥ / siddhiradhigamo'vabodha ityarthaḥ / pramīyate'neneti pramāṇam / karaṇasādhano lyuṭ / tadekameva, buddherekatvābhyupagamāt; upādhivaśāttu bhinnamāśrīyate pratyakṣamanumānamityādi / tasya yo'sāvupādhikṛto bhedastamanāśritya prameyaparicchedakatvasāmānyamaṅgīkṛtyaikavacananirdeśaḥ kriyate pramāṇāditi / etasmātprameyasiddhirityavagantavyam / katham ? vrīhyādivat / yathā vrīhyāti prameyaṃ prasthādinā pramāṇena paricchidyate evamihāpi vyaktādiprameyaṃ pratyakṣādipramāṇena paricchidyate iti /
iha hiśabda idānīṃ kimarthaḥ syāt ?
avadhāraṇārtha iti /
āha- yadyevaṃ hiśabdāvacanam / avadhāraṇānupapatteḥ / na hyetasmin sūtre kathaṃcidavadhāraṇamupapadyate / tasmādavacanameva hiśabdasya nyāyyam / prameyasyaiveti cet- na / anyasyāsambhavāt / sati hi vyabhicārasambhave vastvavadhāryate - tadyathā gaurevāyaṃ nāśvaḥ, devadatta evāyaṃ na yajñadatta iti / na ca prameyāprameyayoḥ pramāṇaparicchedyatve'sti prasaṃgaḥ yannivṛttyarthaṃ prameyasyaivetyavadhāryate / pramāṇebhya eveti cenna- ārṣajñānavirodhaprasaṃgāt / paramarṣerhi bhagavataḥ jñānaṃ sāṃsiddhikamapramāṇapūrvakamiti vaḥ pakṣaḥ / sāṃsiddhikāśca bhāvāḥ prākṛtikā vaikṛtāśca dharmādyā (ISk 43) iti vacanāt / ubhayāvadhāraṇe sati ubhayorapi pakṣayorye doṣāste prasajyante / tasmādayuktametat / siddhireveti cenna anekāntāt / kadāciddyayaṃ pramātā sannihite'pyādityādau liṅge diṅniścayādiṣvartheṣu pratihanyate / tasmādanekāntāt siddhirevetyetadayuktamavadhāraṇam /
ucyate- yaduktaṃ hiśabdāvacanamavadhāraṇānupapatteriti astu pramāṇebhya evetyavadhāraṇam / yattūktamārṣajñānavirodhaprasaṃga iti ayamadoṣaḥ / kasmāt ? siddharūpatvāt / sādhyamānarūpāṇi hi vastūni nāntarīyakatvāt svarūpaniṣpattaye sādhanasambandhaṃ pratyākāṃkṣāvanti bhavanti, siddharūpaṃ tu bhagavataḥ paramarṣerjñānam / tasmādasya sādhanasambandhaṃ pratyākāṅkṣā nopapadyata iti / athavā punarastu siddhirevetyavadhāraṇam / yattūktamanekāntāditi tadanupapannam / kasmāt ? sattvādīnāmaṅgāṅgibhāvāniyamāt / tamaḥprakarṣasāmagryātpramāṇavaikalyopapatteḥ / iha sattvādīnāmaniyato'ṅgāṅgibhāvaḥ / deśakālanimittasāmarthyāddhi kadācitsattvaṃ prakṛṣyate, kadācidrajaḥ, kadācittamaḥ / sattvaprakarṣaśca prakāśarūpatvātpramāṇam / tatra yadā tamaḥ prakṛṣyate tadā tenābhibhūtatvāt sattvasya tatkāryamanumānaṃ trikālāṅgamuttiṣṭhate / ityataḥ satyāmapyādityādiliṅgapravṛttau diṅniścayādiṣvartheṣu pratihanyate / itarathā tu na svarūpahānam / yasya tu niṣpattivaikalyātpramāṇapratibandho neṣṭaḥ tasya svarūpahānaṃ pramāṇānāṃ prāptam / katham ? etāvaddhi teṣāṃ svarūpaṃ yaduta prameyaparicchedaḥ / tasmādyuktametadavadhāraṇārtho hiśabdaḥ /
āha- bahūni pramāṇānyācāryairabhyupagamyante tāni sarvāṇi kiṃ bhavānanumanyate ?
ucyate-

trividhaṃ pramāṇamiṣṭam // ISk_4c //

kintarhi vidhānaṃ vidhā, tisro vidhā asya tattrividhaṃ triprakāramityarthaḥ / anenaitadācaṣṭe- ekameva buddhilakṣaṇaṃ sattvaṃ nimittāntarānugrahopajanitābhiḥ kāryaviśeṣaparicchinnarūpabhedābhiḥ śaktibhirupakārādbhinnamiva pratyavabhāsamānaṃ dṛṣṭādiśabdavācyaṃ bhavati / na tu yathā tantrāntarīyāṇāṃ viṣayopanipātibhirindriyairupajanitāvadhyo buddhayastatheha vidyante yāḥ parikalpyamānāḥ svatantrāṇi trīṇi pramāṇāni syuḥ /
syānmatam, kathaṃ punaḥ pramāṇalakṣaṇānāṃ śaktīnāmakavastusanniveśarūpabhedā bhavantīti ?
ucyate- sattvādivat / yathā sattvādīnāṃ guṇānāmekaśabdādivastusanniveśe'pi prakāśādikāryabhedādrūpasaṃkaro na bhavati, yathā vā śabdasparśarūparasagandhānāmekadravyasanniveśe'pi grāhakāntaragamyakatvāt, yathā vā kartṛkaraṇādhikaraṇasampradānāpādānakarmalakṣaṇānāṃ śaktīnāmekadravyasanniveśe'pi kāryaviśeṣaparicchinnāni svarūpāṇi na saṃkīryante, tadvadidaṃ draṣṭavyam / śaktyantaropajanane vastvantaropapattiriti cenna, anabhyupagamāt / na hi kṣaṇabhaṅgasāhasaṃ yuktimantareṇa daṇḍabhayādapi pratipadyāmahe, na tu tasyāmavasara iti sthīyatāṃ tāvat /
āha, kathaṃ punaretad gamyate yathā trividhameva pramāṇaṃ na punaranekavidhamapīti ?
ucyate-

sarvapramāṇasiddhatvāt // ISk_4b //

sarvāṇi ca tāni pramāṇāni sarvapramāṇāni / siddhasya bhāvaḥ siddhatvam / sarvapramāṇānāṃ siddhatvaṃ sarvapramāṇasiddhatvam / siddhatvamantarbhāva ityarthaḥ / tasmāt sarvapramāṇasiddhatvāt / tasminneva trividhe pramāṇa iti vākyaśeṣaḥ / sarveṣāṃ paraparikalpitānāṃ pramāṇānāmasminneva trividhe pramāṇe'ntarbhāvāditi yāvaduktaṃ syāttāvadidamucyate sarvapramāṇasiddhatvāditi / athavā sarvapramāṇeṣu siddhaṃ sarvapramāṇasiddhaṃ- saptamī siddhaśuṣkapakvabandhairiti samāsaḥ, yathā sāṃkāśyasiddhaḥ pāṭaliputrasiddha iti / tadbhāvaḥ pramāṇasiddhatvaṃ tasmāt sarvapramāṇasiddhatvāt / kasya trividhasya pramāṇasyeti vākyaśeṣaḥ /
kena punarākāreṇa trividhaṃ pramāṇaṃ siddhamiti ?
ucyate- parasparaviśeṣāt / anyāni punarasmāt trayāt yathābhinnāni tathā pratipādayiṣyāmaḥ /
āha, kimpunastat trividhaṃ pramāṇamiti ?
ucyate-

dṛṣṭamanumānamāptavacanaṃ ca // ISk_4a //

iti / tatra dṛṣṭaṃ nāma upāttaviṣayendriyavṛttyupanipātī yo'dhyavasāyaḥ / anumānaṃ dvayoravinābhāvinorekaṃ pratyakṣeṇa pramāya tatpūrvakaṃ sambandyantare yat paścānmānaṃ bhavati / āptavacanaṃ tu pramāṇabhūtadvārako'tyantaparokṣe'rthe niścayaḥ / ityuddeśamātramidam / mūlalakṣaṇaṃ tu ācāryo vakṣyati svayameva prativiṣayādhyavasāyo dṛṣṭamityādi /
āha, traividyānupapattiḥ, nyūnādhikaśravaṇāt / tantrāntarīyāḥ kecit catvāri pramāṇānīcchanti / pratyakṣānumānopamānaśabdāḥ pramāṇānīti vacanāt / tathā ṣaḍityanye /

pratyakṣamanumānaṃ ca śabdaṃ copamayā saha /
arthāpattirabhāvaśca hetavaḥ sadhyasādhakāḥ //

ityabhidhānāt / etāni sambhavaitihyaceṣṭāsahitāni navetyapare / pratyakṣānumāne eveti vaiśeṣikabauddhāḥ / tatra kathamidaṃ niścīyate trividhameva pramāṇaṃ, na punarnyūnamadhikaṃ veti ?
ucyate- kimpunaridamupamānaṃ nāma ?
āha, prasiddhasādharmyāt sādhyasādhanamupamānam / prasiddhaḥ prajñātaḥ, tena sādharmyāt, sādhyasyāprasiddhasya sādhanamadhigamo yastadupamānam / avabodhavidhistu yenānupalabdho gavayaḥ sa tasyopalabdhyarthamadhigatagavayaṃ paryanuyuṅkte kiṃrūpo gavaya iti / sa tasmā ācaṣṭe- yathā gaurevaṃ gavaya iti / tatra pratipattyātyantānupalakṣitagavayasvarūpo vyākhyātṛpratipāditaprasiddhavastusādharmyajñānāhitasaṃskāraḥ pratipadyate- nūnamevaṃrūpo gavaya iti / apara āha- pratirāptavacanopajanitaprasiddhavastusādharmyajñānāhitasaṃskārasyottarakālaṃ pratyakṣeṇa tamupalabhya yā samākhyāsambandhapratipattiḥ- ayamasāvartho'sya śabdasya samākhyā iti- tadupamānamucyate /
yadyevamupamaitihyāvacanam, āptopadeśasiddheḥ / yathā gaurevaṃ gavaya iti cāptopadeśabalāt pratipattā aprasiddhaṃ gavayamupalabhate na sādharmyamātrāt / tasmānna śabdāt pṛthagupamā / yattu khalviti ha uvāca yājñavalkyasya ityetadaitihyaṃ nāma pramāṇāntaramupakalpyate tadapi vaktṛviśeṣāpekṣatvānna śabdādarthāntaram /
āha, na / sādharmyāpekṣatvāt / yadi hyāptopadeśa upamā syāttena yathā svarge'psarasaḥ, uttarāḥ kurava ityevamādiṣvantareṇa sādharmyopādānaṃ pratipattirbhavati evamihāpi syāt / gavayantu ayamākhyātā pratipādayiṣyan prasiddhasādharmyagarbhaṃ śabdamupādatte na kevalam / pratipattāpi tasmādeva pratipadyate na śabdamātrāt, tasmātpṛthagevāsyopadeśaḥ kartavyaḥ / śabdavyāpārāttadantarbhāva iti cet syānmatam śabdavyāpārasahito'yaṃ prasiddhasādharmyalakṣaṇārtho gavayapratipattau na kevalaḥ, tasmādasya tatrāntarbhāva iti tadapyanupapannam / kasmāt ? vītāvītayorapi tatprasaṅgāt / vītāvītāvapi hetū parapratipādanārthamupādīyamānau śabdavyāpāramapekṣete / tayorapyāptavacanatvaprasaṃgaḥ / aniṣṭaṃ caitat / tasmānnopamānamāptopadeśaḥ /
ucyate, sādharmyāvyatireka, upāyabhūtatvāt / ākhyātṛprāmāṇyādeva pratipatturgavayavijñānamupapadyate / sa tu kauśalāddurupapādo'yamartha iti kṛtvā prasiddhasādharmyamupādatte / tasmādākhyāturgavayapratipādanārthamupāyabhūtaṃ sādharmyamupādadānasya śabdādarthāntaramudbhavati / athaivaṃjātīyakānāmapi pramāṇāntaratvamiṣyate tenātyalpamidamucyate catvāri pramāṇānīti / kiṃ tarhi pāṇivihārākṣinikocaprabhṛtīnāmapyupasaṃkhyānaṃ kartavyam / kiṃca vaktṛviśeṣāpekṣatvāt / yatra hyarthavaśātpratipattirutpadyate na tatra pratipattā vaktṛviśeṣamapekṣate dṛṣṭārtho'yamadṛṣṭārtho'yamiti / tadyathānumāne / asti copamāne vaktṛviśeṣāpekṣā / tasmānna śabdādarthāntaraṃ tat / avaśyaṃ caitadevaṃ vijñeyam / yo hi manyate prasiddhasādharmyādeva gavayapratipattiriti yathāśvastathā gavaya ityetasmādapi tasya sampratipattiḥ syāt / na cārhati bhavituṃ, mithyājñānatvāt / yattu khalvidamucyate yataḥ samākhyāsambandhapratipattiriti tadupamānamiti / etadanupapannam / kasmāt ? anavasthāprasaṃgāt / tadyathā bahuṣu niṣaṇṇeṣu ko'tra devadatta ityukte yo mukuṭī kuṃḍalī vyūḍhoraskastāmrāyatākṣa iti pratyāha / tataśca samākhyāsambandhapratipattiriti pramāṇāntaratvaprasaṅga ityevamanavasthā pramāṇānāṃ syāt / aniṣṭaṃ caitat / evaṃ hi na tāvat parata upamānaṃ pramāṇāntaram / yadā svayameva gāṃ gavayaṃ copalabhya vikalpayati yathāyaṃ tathāyamiti tadā tasyārthasya pramāṇāntareṇādhigatatvāt pramāṇameva tanna bhavatīti / tasmāt suṣṭhūktamayamaitihyāptavacanamāptopadeśāt siddheriti /
kiñcānyat- arthāpattisaṃbhavābhāvaceṣṭānāmanumānasiddheḥ / avacanamityanuvartate / tatrārthāpattirnāma yatrārthayoḥ pūrvamavyabhicāramupalabhya paścādanyatarasya darśanācchravaṇādvānyatarasmipratipattirbhavati / darśanādyā guḍamupalabhya mādhuryamindriyāntaraviṣayaṃ pratipadyate / śravaṇādyathā guḍaśabdaṃ śrutvā mādhuryamaśabdakaṃ pratipadyata iti / aparā khalvārthāpattiḥ / yatra dharmayoravyabhicāramupalabhya tatpratidvandvinorapi sāhacaryakalpanā / sā tu dvividhā, vyabhicāriṇī cāvyabhicāriṇī ca / tatra vyabhicāriṇī yathā sāvayavamanityamityukte'rthādāpannaṃ niravayavaṃ nityamiti / tacca karmādiṣvadṛṣṭamityeṣānaikāntikatvātpramāṇameva na bhavatīti / yā tvavinābhāvinī avyabhicāriṇī yathā kesarivarāhayorupagahvare sannipātamupalabhyottarakālaṃ kevalaṃ kesariṇaṃ varāhavraṇāṃkitaśarīraṃ prayāntamupalabhya pratipadyate jito varāha iti tadanumānam / katham ? yasmātkesarivarāhayoryau jayaparājayau tayoravyabhicārī sambandhaḥ / tatra yadā kesariṇo jayamupalabhyāvyabhicāriṇamitarasya parājayaṃ pratipadyate kimanyatsyādṛte'numānāt ? adhigatobhayasambandhisamudāyasya hi pratipattuḥ pratyakṣībhūtānyatarasambandhino yā sambandhyantarapratipattistadanumānam / itthaṃ cārthāpattirato na tasmātpṛthagbhavitumarhati /
sambhavo nāma droṇaḥ prastha ityukte'rdhadroṇādīnāṃ sannidhānamavasīyate / ityayamapi sāhacaryakalpanayārthāpattireva / katham ? yasmāduktaparimāṇe dravye droṇaśabdo vartate, na nyūne nādhike / tatra droṇa ityukte yadatyantasahabhuvāṃ tadavayavānāmanyaśabdavācyānāmapi sannidhānam tadarthāpattireva / sa cānumānamityuktam /
abhāvo nāma tadyathā dhūmasya bhāvādagnerbhāvaḥ pratīyate evaṃ dhūmābhāvādagnyabhāva ityayaṃ pratidvandvisāhacaryakalpanayārthāpattirabhihitaḥ / tatra yadā vyabhicārasāhacaryakalpanā tadā pramāṇābhāva eva / tadyathāyoguṇāṅgārādiṣu dhūmābhāvo nāgnyabhāvaḥ / yatra tu kvacidekāntaḥ syāt yathākṛtakatvānnitya iti tatrānumānam / katham ? sāhacaryopapatteḥ / kṛtakatvānityatvavat /
anye tu abhāvamanyathā varṇayanti / tadyathā gehe nāsti caitra ityukte bahirastīti sampratyayo bhavati, tatra gehābhāvo bahirbhāvasampratipattiheturarthāntarāpattireva pratidvandvisāhacaryakalpanayā / katham ? yathaiva hi divā na bhuṅkte devadattaḥ pīna ityatrābhojanapratiyogino meduratvasyopalambhāddivāpratiyogini kāle rātrau bhujiravasīyate evamihāpi gehābhāvābhidhānasāmarthyāttatpratiyogini viparyayaḥ kalpyate / anyathā tu yadyabhāva evābhipretaḥ syānnāsti caitra eveti brūyāt / arthāpattiścānumānam /
ceṣṭā nāma abhiprāyasūcakaḥ kaścidevodaratāḍanāñjalikaraṇādiḥ śarīravyāpāraḥ / sa hi bubhukṣādīnyapratīyamānāni pratipādayatīti pramāṇamityucyate / sa cānumānameva / kasmāt ? yasmād bhojanecchādisahacaro hi vyāpāro'nuṣṭhīyamāno yadi sahacāriṇaṃ gamayati tadā nānumānātpṛthagiti śakyaṃ pratijñātum /
āha- pratibhā tarhi pramāṇāntaraṃ bhaviṣyati /
ucyate- keyaṃ pratibhā nāma ?
āha, yo'yamanādau saṃsāre devamanuṣyatiraścāmabhinne'rthe bāhye stryādau pratyaye pūrvābhyāsavāsanāpekṣaḥ kuṇapakāminībhakṣyādyākārabhedabhinnapratyaya itikartavyatāṅgamutpadyate sā hi pratibhā / tathā coktam-

yathābhyāsaṃ hi vākyebhyo vināpyarthena jāyate /
svapratyayānukāreṇa pratipattiranekadhā //

yena hi yo'rtho'bhyastassukhāditvena tasya vināpi tenārthena śabdamātrāt pratipattirutpadyate / tadyathā vyāghro'tra prativasatītyukte vināpi bāhyenārthenābhyāsavaśādeva svedavepathuprabhṛtayo bhavanti / tasmāt pratibhaiva devamanuṣyatiraścāmitikartavyatāṅgatvātpramāṇamiti / āha ca-

pramāṇatvena tāṃ lokaḥ sarvaḥ samanugacchati /
vyavahārāḥ pravartante tiraścāmapi tadvaśāt //

ucyate pratibhāyā dṛṣṭādivyatirekena rūpāntarānupapatteḥ / avacanamityanuvartate / yadi pūrvābhyāsavāsanāpekṣaḥ pratyayaḥ pratibhetyupagamyate tena tarhi asau pratyakṣamanumānamāptavacanaṃ cetyetadāpannam / kasmāt ? yato na dṛṣṭādivyatirekeṇa pratyakṣarūpaṃ kadācidapyupalabhāmahe / tasmānna tebhyo'rthāntaraṃ pratibhā / ārṣapratyayasambhavādayuktamiti cet- syādetat, astyārṣo hi dṛṣṭādivyatirekeṇa sarvapadārtheṣu sāṃsiddhikaḥ pratyayaḥ / sa prātibho bhaviṣyatīti / etaccāpyayuktam / kasmāt ? uktatvāt / uktametat siddharūpaṃ bhagavataḥ paramarṣerjñānam / ato na pramāṇāpekṣamiti / yogināmiti cenna, anabhyupagamāt / na hi yogināmapramāṇapūrvakaṃ jñānamiti yathā tathā vakṣyāmaḥ / sa laukika iti cet na / aniścitatvāt / syādetat- asti laukikaḥ pratyayo dṛṣṭādivyatirekeṇa / tadyathā santamase vrajato drāgiti vijñānamutpadyate - asti me pratīghāti dravyaṃ purastādūrdhvamavasthitamiti / tacca naivam / kasmāt ? aniścitatvāt / na hi tatra niścaya utpadyate idaṃ taddravyamasti purato vā vyaktamastīti / na cāniścitaṃ pramāṇajñānamiṣyate / kiṃcānyat- anavasthāprasaṃgāt / yadi caivaṃjātīyato'pi pratyayaḥ pramāṇamabhyupagamyate tenānavasthā prāpnoti / kiṃ kāraṇam ? anavasthānādvikaraṇasya / kāmakrodhalobhayaviṣādadvārako vikalpaḥ samyaṅmithyā vā yasmādaneka utpadyate tasmānna laukikaḥ pratyayaḥ pratibhā / yattu khalvidamucyate- abhyāsavāsanāpekṣāsatsvapi vyāghrādiṣu pratipattirutpadyate / iti / satyametat / sā tu mithyājñānatvātpramāṇatvena na parigṛhyate ityayamadoṣaḥ / tasmāt siddhaṃ dṛṣṭādivyatirekeṇa rūpāntaranupapatteḥ pratibhāyāḥ pṛthaganabhidhānam / tataśca sarvapramāṇasiddhatvāt trividhaṃ pramāṇamiṣṭamiti sthitametat // 4 //