Bhagavad-gita with four Commentaries [sanskrit]

140,673 words | ISBN-10: 8189564072 | ISBN-13: 9788189564070

The Sanskrit edition of the Bhagavad Gita with four commentaries: (1) The Subodhini by Shridhara (Sridhara Swami), (2) The Gudharthadipika by Madhusudana (Saraswati), (3) The Sararthavarshini by Vishvanatha (Vishwanath Chakravarti) and (4) The Gitabhushana by Baladeva (Vidyabhushan). Original titles: Bhagavadgītā (भगवद्गीता), Śrīdhara (श्रीधर), Madhusūdana (मधुसूदन), Viśvanātha (विश्वनाथ), Baladeva (बलदेव)

ajo'pi sannavyayātmā bhūtānāmīśvaro'pi san |
prakṛtiṃ svāmadhiṣṭhāya saṃbhavāmyātmamāyayā ||6||

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

nanu anādestava kuto janma ? avināśinaśca kathaṃ punarjanma yena bahūni me vyatītānityucyate | īśvarasya tava puṇyapāpavihīnasya kathaṃ jīvavajjanmeti ? ata āha ajo'pīti | satyamevam | tathāpi ajo'pi janmaśūnyo'pi sannaham | tathāvyayātmāpyanaśvarasvabhāvo'pi san | tathā īśvaro'pi karmapāratantryarahito'pi san | svamāyayā sambhavāmi samyagapracyutajñānabalavīryādiśaktyaiva bhavāmi |

nanu tathāpi ṣoḍaśakalātamkaliṅgadehaśūnyasya ca tava kuto janmeti ? ata uktaṃ svāṃ śuddhasattvātmikāṃ prakṛtiṃ adhiṣṭhāya svīkṛtya | viśuddhorjitasattvamūrtyā svecchayāvatarāmītyarthaḥ ||6||

The Gūḍhārthadīpikā commentary by Madhusūdana

nanvatītānekajanmavattvamātmanaḥ smarasi cettarhi jātismaro jīvastvaṃ parajanmajñānamapi yoginaḥ sārvātmyābhimānena śāstradṛṣṭyā tūpadeśo vāmadevavat[Vs 1.1.30] iti nyāyena sambhavati | tathā cāha vāmadevo jīvo'pi ahaṃ manurabhavaṃ sūryaścāhaṃ kakṣīvānṛpirasmi vipraḥिtyādi dāśatayyām | ataeva na mukhyaḥ sarvajñastvam | tathā ca kathamādityaṃ sarvajñamupadiṣṭavānasyanīśvaraḥ san | na hi jīvasya mukhyaṃ sārvajñyaṃ sambhavati vyaṣṭyupādheḥ paricchinnatvena sarvasambandhitvābhāvāt | samaṣṭyupādherapi virājaḥ sthūlabhūtopādhitvena
sūkṣmabhūtapariṇāmaviṣayaṃ māyāpariṇāmaviṣayaṃ ca jñānaṃ na sambhavati | evaṃ sūkṣmabhūtopādherapi hiraṇyagarbhasya tatkāraṇamāyāpariṇāmākāśādisargakramādiviṣayajñānābhāvaḥ siddha eva | tasmādīśvara eva kāraṇopāditvādatītānāgatavartamānasarvārthaviṣayajñānavānmukhyaḥ sarvajñaḥ | atītānāgatavartamānaviṣayaṃ māyāvṛttitrayamekaiva sarvaviṣayā māyāvṛttirityanyat | tasya ca nityeśvarasya sarvajñasya dharmādharmādyabhāvena janmaivānupapannamatītānekajanmavattvaṃ tu dūrotsāritameva | tathā ca jīvatve sārvajñyānupapattirīśvaratve ca dehagrahaṇānupapattiriti śaṅkādvayaṃ pariharannanityatvapakṣasyāpi
parihāramāha ajo'pīti |

apūrvadehendriyādigrahaṇaṃ janma | pūrvaghītadehendriyādiviyogo vyayaḥ | yadubhayaṃ tārkikaiḥ pretyabhāva ityucyate | taduktaṃ jātasya hi dhruvo mṛtyurdhruvaṃ janma mṛtasya ca [Gītā 2.27] iti | tadubhayaṃ ca dharmādharmavaśādbhavati | dharmādharmavaśatvaṃ cājñasya jīvasaya dehābhimāninaḥ karmādhikāritvādbhavati | tatra yaducyate sarvajñasyeśvarasya sarvakāraṇasyedṛgdehagrahaṇaṃ nopapadyata iti tattathaiva | katham ? yadi tasya śarīraṃ sthūlabhūtakāryaṃ syāttadā vyaṣṭirūpatve jāgradavasthāsmadāditulyatvam | samaṣṭirūpatve ca virāḍjīvatvaṃ tasya tadupādhitvāt | atha sūkṣmabhūtakāryaṃ tadā vyaṣṭirūpatve svapnāvasthāsmadāditulyatvam
| samaṣṭirūpatve ca hiraṇyagarbhajīvatvaṃ tasya tadupādhitvāt | tathā ca bhautikaṃ śarīraṃ jīvānāviṣṭaṃ parameśvarasya na sambhavatyeveti siddham | na ca jīvāviṣṭa eva tādṛśe śarīre tasya bhūtāveśavatpraveśa iti vācyam | taccharīrāvacchedena tajjīvasya bhogābhyupagame'ntaryāmirūpeṇa sarvaśarīrapraveśasya vidyamānatvena śarīraviśeṣābhyupagamavaiyarthyāt | bhogābhāve ca jīvaśarīratvānupapatteḥ | ato na bhautikaṃ śarīramīśvarasyeti pūrvārdhenāṅgīkaroti ajo'pi sannavyayātmā bhūtānāmīśvaro'pi sanniti |

ajo'pi sannityapūrvadehagrahaṇamavyayātmāpi sanniti pūrvadehavicchedaṃ bhūtānāṃ bhagavadharmāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ brahmādistambaparyantānāmīśvaro'pi sanniti dharmādharmavaśatvaṃ nivārayati | kathaṃ tarhi dehagrahaṇamityuttarārdhenāha prakṛtiṃ svāmadhiṣṭhāya sambhavāmi | prakṛtiṃ māyākhyāṃ vicitrānekaśaktimaghaṭamānaghaṭanāpaṭīyasīṃ svāṃ svopādibhūtāmadhiṣṭhāya cidābhāsena vaśīkṛtya sambhavāmi tatpariṇāmaviśeṣaireva jagatkāraṇatvasampādikā madicchayaiva pravartamānā viśuddhasattvamayatvena mama mūrtistadviśiṣṭasya cājatvamavyayatvamīśvaratvaṃ copapannam | ato'nena nityenaiva dehena vivasvantaṃ
ca tvāṃ ca pratīmaṃ yogamupadiṣṭavānahamityupapannam | tathā ca śrutiḥ ākāśaśarīraṃ brahma iti | ākāśo'nnāvyākṛtam | ākāśa eva tadotaṃ ca protaṃ ca [BAU 3.8.7] ityādau tathā darśanāt | ākāśastalliṅgāt[Vs. 1.1.22] iti nyāyācca |

tarhi bhautikavigrahābhāvāttaddharmamanuṣyatvādipratītiḥ kathamiti cettatrāha ātmamāyayeti | manmāyayaiva mayi manuṣyatvādipratītirlokānugrahāya na tu vastuvṛttyeti bhāvaḥ | tathā coktaṃ mokṣadharme

māyā hyeṣā mayā sṛṣṭā yanmāṃ paśyasi nārada |
sarvabhūtaguṇairyuktaṃ na tu māṃ draṣṭumarhasi || [Mbh 12.326.43] iti |

sarvabhūtaguṇairyuktaṃ kāraṇopādhiṃ māṃ carmacakṣuṣā draṣṭuṃ nārhasītyarthaḥ | uktaṃ ca bhagavatā bhāṣyakāreṇa sa ca bhagavān jñānaiśvaryaśaktibalavīryatejobhiḥ sadā sampannastriguṇātmikāṃ vaiṣṇavīṃ svāṃ māyāṃ prakṛtiṃ vaśīkṛtyājo'vyayo bhūtānāmīśvaro nityaśuddhabuddhamuktasvabhāvo'pi san svamāyayā dehavāniva jāta iva ca lokānugrahaṃ kurvan lakṣyate svaprayojanābhāve'pi bhūtānujighṛkṣayā iti | vyākhyātṛbhiścoktaṃ svecchāvinirmitena māyāmayena divyena rūpeṇa sambabhūveti |

nityo yaḥ kāraṇopādhirmāyākhyo'nekaśaktimān |
sa eva bhagavaddeha iti bhāṣyakṛtāṃ matam ||

anye tu parameśvare dehadehibhāvaṃ na manyante | kiṃ yaśca nityo vibhuḥ saccidānandaghano bhagavān vāsudevaḥ paripūrṇo nirguṇaḥ paramātmā sa eva tadvigraho nānyaḥ kaścidbhautiko māyiko veti | asmin pakṣe yojanā ākāśavatsarvagataśca nityaḥ, avināśī are'yamātmānucchittidharmā ityādi śruteḥ, asaṃbhavastu sato'nupaptteḥ [Vs. 2.3.8], nātmāśruternityatvācca tābhyaḥ [Vs. 2.3.16] ityādi nyāyācca vastugatyā janmavināśarahitaḥ sarvabhāsakaḥ sarvakāraṇamāyādhiṣṭhānatvena sarvabhūteśvaro'pi sannahaṃ prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ saccidānandaghanaikarasam |

māyāṃ vyāvartayati svāmiti | nijasvarūpamityarthaḥ | sa bhagavaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhitaḥ sve mahimni [ChāU 7.24.1] iti śruteḥ | svasvarūpamadhiṣṭhāya svarūpāvasthita eva san sambhavāmi dehadehibhāvamantareṇaiva dehivadvyavaharāmi | kathaṃ tarhyadehe saccidānandaghane dehatvapratītirata āha ātmamāyayeti | nirguṇe śuddhe saccidānandaghane mayi bhagavati vāsudeve dehadehibhāvaśūnye tadrūpeṇa pratītirmāyāmātramityarthaḥ | taduktam

kṛṣṇamenamavehi tvamātmānamakhilātmanām |
jagaddhitāya so'pyatra dehīvābhāti māyayā || iti [BhP 10.14.55]
aho bhāgyamaho bhāgyaṃ nandagopavrajaukasām
yanmitraṃ paramānandaṃ pūrṇaṃ brahma sanātanam || [BhP 11.14.32] iti ca |

kecittu nityasya niravayavasya nirvikārasyāpi paramānandasyāvayavāyavibhāvaṃ vāstavamevecchanti te niryuktikaṃ bruvāṇastu nāsmābhirvinivāryate iti nyāyena nāpavādyāḥ | yadi sambhavettathaivāstu kimatipallavitenetyuparamyate ||5||

The Sārārthavarṣiṇī commentary by Viśvanātha

svasya janmaprakāramāha ajo'pi janmarahito'pi san sambhavāmi, devamanuṣyatiryagādiṣu āvirbhavāmi | nanu kimatra citram ? jīvo'pi vastuto'ja eva sthūladehanāśānantaraṃ jāyata eva ? tatrāha savyayātmānaśvaraśarīraḥ | kiṃ ca, jīvasya svadehabhinnasvasvarūpeṇājatvameva, āvidyakena dehasambandhenaiva tasya janmavattvam, mama tvīśvaratvātsvadehābhinnasyājatvaṃ janmavattvamityubhayamapi svarūpasiddham | tacca durghaṭatvātcitramatarkyameva | ataḥ puṇyapāpādimato jīvasyeva sadasadyoniṣu na me janmāśaṅketyāha bhūtānāmīśvaro'pi san karmapāratantryarahito'pi bhūtvetyarthaḥ |

nanu jīvo hi liṅgaśarīreṇa svabandhakena karmaprāpyān devādidehān prāpnoti | tvaṃ parameśvaro liṅgarahitaḥ sarvavyāpakaḥ karmakālādiniyantā | bahu syāmiti śruteḥ sarvajagadrūpo bhavatyeva | tadapi yadviśeṣata evambhūto'pyahaṃ sambhavāmīti brūṣe, tanmanye sarvajagadvilakṣaṇān dehaviśeṣānnityāneva loke prakāśayituṃ tvajjanmetyavagamyate | tatkhalu kathamityata āha prakṛtiṃ svāmadhiṣṭhāyeti | atra prakṛtiśabdena yadi bahiraṅgā māyāśaktirucyate, tadā tadadhiṣṭhātā parameśvarastaddvārā jagadrūpo bhavatyeveti na viśeṣopalabdhiḥ | tasmātsaṃsiddhiprakṛtī tvime svarūpaṃ ca svabhāvaśca ityabhidhānādatra prakṛtiśabdena
svarūpamevocyate | na tatsvarūpabhūtā māyāśaktiḥ | svarūpaṃ ca tasya saccidānanda eva | ataveva tvāṃ śuddhasattvātmikāṃ prakṛtimiti śrīsvāmicaraṇāḥ | prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ svameva svabhāvamadhiṣṭhāya svarūpeṇa svecchayā sambhavāmītyarthaḥ iti śrīrāmānujācāryacaraṇāḥ | prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ saccidānandaghanaikarasam | māyāṃ vyāvartayati svāmiti nijasvarūpamityarthaḥ | sa bhagavaṃ kasmin pratiṣṭhitaḥ svamahimni iti śruteḥ | svasvarūpamadhiṣṭhāya svarūpāvasthita eva sambhavāmi dehadehibhāvamantareṇaiva dehivadvyavaharāmi iti śrīmadhusūdanasarasvatīpādāḥ |

nanu yadyavyayātmā anaśvaramatsyakūrmādisvarūpa eva bhavasi, tarhi tava prādurbhavatsvarūpaṃ pūrvaprādurbhūtasvarūpāṇi ca yugapadeva kiṃ nopalabhyanta ? tatrāha ātmabhūtā māyā tayā svasvarūpāvaraṇaprakāśanakarma ca yayā cicchaktivṛttyāyogamāyayetyarthaḥ | tayā hi pūrvakālāvatīrṇasvarūpāṇi pūrvamevāvṛtya vartamānasvarūpaṃ prakāśya sambhavāmi | ātmamāyayā samyagapracyutajñānabalavīryādiśaktyaiva bhavāmi iti śrīsvāmicaraṇāḥ | ātmamāyayātmajñānena māyā vayunaṃ jñānamiti jñānaparyāyo'tra māyāśabdaḥ | tathā cābhiyuktaprayogaḥ māyayā satataṃ vetti prācīnānāṃ śubhāśubhamiti śrīrāmānujācāryacaraṇāḥ | mayi bhagavati vāsudeve dehadehibhāvaśūnye tadrūpeṇa pratītiḥ
māyāmātramiti śrīmadhusūdanasarasvatīpādāḥ ||6||

The Gītābhūṣaṇa commentary by Baladeva

lokavilakṣaṇatayā svarūpaṃ svajanma ca vadan sanātanatvaṃ svasyāha ajo'pīti | atra svarūpasvabhāvaparyāyaḥ prakṛtiśabdaḥ | svāṃ prakṛtiṃ svaṃ svarūpaṃ adhiṣṭhāyālambya sambhavāmi āvirbhavāmi | saṃsiddhiprakṛtī tvime | svarūpaṃ ca svabhāvaśca ityamaraḥ | svarūpeṇaiva sambhavāmīti | etamarthaṃ vicarituṃ viśinaṣṭi ajo'pītyādinā | api avadhāraṇe | apūrvadehayogo janma | tadrahita eva san | avyayātmāpi sanavyayaḥ pariṇāmaśūnya ātmā buddhyādiryasya tādṛśa eva san | ātmā puṃsi ityādyukteḥ | bhūtānāmīśvaro'pi san svetareṣāṃ jīvānāṃ niyantaiva
sanityarthaḥ | ajatvādiguṇakaṃ yadvibhujñānasukhaghanaṃ rūpaṃ tenaivāvatarāmīti svarūpeṇaiva sambhavāmītyasya vivaraṇaṃ tādṛśasya svarūpasya raverivābhiyaktimātrameva janmeti tatsvarūpasya tajjanmanaśca lokavilakṣaṇatvaṃ tena sanātanatvaṃ ca vyaktam | karmatantratvaṃ nirastam | śrutiścaivamāha ajāyamāno bahudhā vijāyate iti | smṛtiśca pratyakṣaṃ ca harerjanma na vikāraḥ kathaṃcana ityādyā | ataeva sūtikāgṛhe divyāyudhabhūṣaṇasya divyarūpasya ṣaḍaiśvaryasampannasya tasya vīkṣaṇaṃ smaryate | prayojanamāha ātmamāyayeti | bhajajjīvānukampayā hetunā taduddhārāyetyarthaḥ | māyā dambhe kṛpāyāṃ
ca iti viśvaḥ | ātmamāyayā svasārvajñena svasaṅkalpeneti kecit | māyā vayunaṃ jñānaṃ ca iti nirghaṇṭukoṣāt | lokaḥ khalu rājādiḥ pūrvadehādīni vihāyāpūrvadehādīni bhajanniranusandhirajño janmībhavati tadvailakṣaṇyaṃ harerjanminaḥ prasphuṭam | bhūtānāmīśvaro'pi sannityanena labdhasiddhayo yogiprabhṛtayo'pi vyāvṛttāḥ | sukhacidghano harirdehadehibhedena guṇaguṇibhedena ca śūnyo'pi viśeṣabalāttattadbhāvena viduṣāṃ pratītirāsīditi ||6||

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