Bhagavad-gita with four Commentaries [sanskrit]

140,673 words | ISBN-10: 8189564072 | ISBN-13: 9788189564070

The Sanskrit edition of the Bhagavad Gita with four commentaries: (1) The Subodhini by Shridhara (Sridhara Swami), (2) The Gudharthadipika by Madhusudana (Saraswati), (3) The Sararthavarshini by Vishvanatha (Vishwanath Chakravarti) and (4) The Gitabhushana by Baladeva (Vidyabhushan). Original titles: Bhagavadgītā (भगवद्गीता), Śrīdhara (श्रीधर), Madhusūdana (मधुसूदन), Viśvanātha (विश्वनाथ), Baladeva (बलदेव)

Verse 6.20-23

yatroparamate cittaṃ niruddhaṃ yogasevayā |
yatra caivātmanātmānaṃ paśyannātmani tuṣyati ||20|
sukhamātyantikaṃ yattadbuddhigrāhyamatīndriyam |
vetti yatra na caivāyaṃ sthitaścalati tattvataḥ ||21||
yaṃ labdhvā cāparaṃ lābhaṃ manyate nādhikaṃ tataḥ |
yasmin sthito na duḥkhena guruṇāpi vicālyate ||22||
taṃ vidyādduḥkhasaṃyogaviyogaṃ yogasaṃjñitam |
sa niścayena yoktavyo yogo'nirviṇṇacetasā ||23||

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

yaṃ saṃnyāsamiti prāhuryogaṃ taṃ viddhi pāṇḍava [Gītā 6.2] ityādau karmaiva yogaśabdenoktam | nātyaśnatastu yogo'sti [Gītā 6.16] ityādau tu samādhiryogaśabdenoktaḥ | tatra mukhyo yogaḥ ka ityapekṣāyāṃ samādhimeva svarūpataḥ phalataśca lakṣayan sa eva mukhyo yoga ityāha yatreti sārdhaistribhiḥ | yatra yasminavasthāviśeṣe yogābhyāsena niruddhaṃ cittamuparataṃ bhavatīti yogasya svarūpalakṣaṇamuktam | tathā ca pātañjalaṃ sūtraṃ yogaścittavṛttinirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.2] iti | iṣṭaprāptilakṣaṇena phalena tameva lakṣayati | yatra ca yasminnavasthāviśeṣe | ātmanā śuddhena
manasā ātmānameva paśyati na tu dehādi | paśyaṃścātmanyeva tuṣyati | na tu viṣayeṣu | yatretyādīnāṃ yacchandānāṃ taṃ yogasaṃjñitaṃ vidyāditi caturthena ślokenānvayaḥ ||20|

ātmanyeva toṣe hetumāha sukhamiti | yatra yasminnavasthāviśeṣe yattatkimapi niratiśayamātyantikaṃ nityaṃ sukhaṃ vetti | nanu tadā viṣayendriyasambandhābhāvātkutaḥ sukhaṃ syāt? tatrāha atīndriyaṃ viṣayendriyasambandhātītam | kevalaṃ buddhyaivātmākāratayā grāhyam | ataeva ca yatra sthitaḥ saṃstattvata ātmasvarūpānnaiva calati ||21||

acalatvamevopapādayati yamiti | yamātmasukharūpaṃ lābhaṃ labdhvā tato'dhikamaparaṃ lābhaṃ na manyate | tasyaiva niratiśayasukhatvāt | yasmiṃśca sthito mahatāpi śītoṣṇādiduḥkhena na vicālyate nābhibhūyate | etenāniṣṭanivṛttiphalenāpi yogasya lakṣaṇamuktaṃ draṣṭavyam ||22||

tamiti | ya evaṃbhūto'vasthāviśeṣastaṃ duḥkhasaṃyogaviyogaṃ yogasaṃjñitaṃ vidyāt | duḥkhaśabdena duḥkhamiśritaṃ vaiṣayikaṃ sukhamapi gṛhyate | duḥkhasya saṃyogena saṃsparśamātreṇāpi viyogo yasmin tamavasthāviśeṣaṃ yogasaṃjñitaṃ yogaśabdavācyaṃ jānīyāt | paramātmānā kṣetrajñasya yojanaṃ yogaḥ | yadvā duḥkhasaṃyogena viyoga eva śūre kātaraśabdavadviruddhalakṣaṇayā yoga ucyate | karmaṇi tu yogaśabdastadupāyatvādaupacārika eveti bhāvaḥ |

yasmādevaṃ mahāphalo yogastasmātsa eva yatnato'bhyasanīya ityāha tamiti sārdhena | sa yogo niścayena śāstrācāryopadeśajanitena nirvedarahitena cetasā yoktavyaḥ | duḥkhabuddhyā prayatnaśaithilyaṃ nirvedaḥ ||23||

The Gūḍhārthadīpikā commentary by Madhusūdana

evaṃ sāmānyena samādhimuktvā nirodhasamādhiṃ vistareṇa vivarītumārambhate yatreti | yatra yasmin pariṇāmaviśeṣe yogasevayā yogābhyāsapāṭavena jāte sati niruddhamekaviṣayakavṛttipravāharūpāmekāgratāṃ tyaktvā nirindhanāgnivadupaśāmyannirvṛttikatayā sarvavṛttinirodharūpeṇa pariṇataṃ bhavati | yatra ca yasmiṃśca pariṇāme sati ātmanā rajastamo'nabhibhūtaśuddhasattvamātreṇāntaḥkaraṇenātmānaṃ pratyakcaitanyaṃ paramātmābhinnaṃ saccidānandaghanamanantamadvitīyaṃ paśyan vedāntapramāṇajayā vṛttyā sākṣātkurvannātmanyeva paramānandaghane tuṣyati, na dehendriyasaṃghāte, na tadbhogye'nyatra | paramātmadarśane
satyatuṣṭihetvabhāvāttuṣyatyeveti | tamantaḥkaraṇapariṇāmaṃ sarvacittavṛttinirodharūpaṃ yogaṃ vidyāditi pareṇānvayaḥ | yatra kāla iti tu vyākhyānamasādhu tacchabdānanvayāt ||20||

ātmanyeva toṣe hetumāha sukhamiti | yatra yasminnavasthāviśeṣa ātyantikamanantaṃ niratiśayaṃ brahmasvarūpamatīndriyaṃ viṣayendriyasaṃyogānabhivyaṅgyaṃ buddhigrāhyaṃ buddhyaiva rajastamomalarahitayā sattvamātravāhinyā grāhyaṃ sukhaṃ yogī vetti anubhavati | yatra ca sthito'yaṃ vidvāṃstattvata ātmasvarūpānnaiva calati | taṃ yogasaṃjñitaṃ vidyāditi pareṇānvayaḥ samānaḥ |

atrātyantikamiti brahmasukhasvarūpakathanam | atīndriyamiti viṣayasukhavyāvṛttiḥ | tasya viṣayendriyasaṃyogasāpekṣatvāt | buddhigrāhyamiti sauṣuptasukhavyāvṛttiḥ suṣuptau buddherlīnatvāt | samādhau nirvṛttikāyāstasyāḥ sattvāt | taduktaṃ gauḍapādaiḥ līyate tu suṣuptau tannigṛhītaṃ na līyate iti | tathā ca śrūyate

samādhinirdhūtamalasya cetaso
niveśitasyātmani yatsukhaṃ bhavet |
na śakyate varṇayituṃ girā tadā
yadetadantaḥkaraṇena gṛhyate || iti |

antaḥkaraṇena niruddhasarvavṛttikenetyarthaḥ | vṛttyā tu sukhāsvādanaṃ gauḍācāryaistatra pratiṣiddham nāsvādayetsukhaṃ tatra niḥsaṅgaṃ prajñayā bhavetiti | mahadidaṃ samādhau sukhamanubhavāmīti savikalpavṛttirūpā prajñā sukhāsvādaḥ | taṃ vyutthānarūpatvena samādhivirodhitvādyogī na kuryāt | ataevaitādṛśyā prajñayā saha saṅgaṃ parityajettāṃ nirundhyādityarthaḥ | nirvṛttikena tu cittena svarūpasukhānubhavastaiḥ pratipāditaḥ | svasthaṃ śāntaṃ sanirvāṇakathyaṃ sukhamuttamamiti spaṣṭaṃ caitadupariṣṭhātkariṣyate ||21||

yatra na caivāyaṃ sthitaścalati tattvata ityuktamupapādayati yaṃ labdhveti | yaṃ ca niratiśayātmakasukhavyañjakaṃ nirvṛttikacittāvasthāviśeṣaṃ labdhvā santatābhyāsaparipākena sampādyāparaṃ lābhaṃ tato'dhikaṃ na manyate | kṛtaṃ kṛtyaṃ prāptaṃ prāpaṇīyamityātmalābhācca paraṃ vidyate iti smṛteḥ | evaṃ viṣayabhogavāsanayā samādhervicalanaṃ nāstītyuktvā śītavātamaśakādyupadravanivāraṇārthamapi tannāstītyāha yasmin paramātmasukhamaye nirvṛttikacittāvasthāviśeṣe sthito yogī guruṇā mahatā śastranipātādinimittena mahatāpi duḥkhena na vicālyate kimuta kṣudreṇetyarthaḥ ||22||

yatroparamata ityārabhya bahubhirviśeṣaṇairyo nivṛttikaḥ paramānandābhivyañjakaścittāvasthāviśeṣa uktastaṃ cittavṛttinirodhaṃ cittavṛttimayasarvaduḥkhavirodhitvena duḥkhaviyogameva santaṃ yogasaṃjñitaṃ viyogaśabdārthamapi virodhilakṣaṇayā yogaśabdavācyaṃ vidyājjānīyācca tu yogaśabdānurodhātkaṃcitsambandhaṃ pratipadyetetyarthaḥ | tathā ca bhagavān patañjalirasūtrayatyogaścittavṛttinirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.2] iti | yogo bhavati duḥkhahā [6.17] iti yatprāguktaṃ tadetadupasaṃhṛtam |

evaṃbhūte yoge niścayānirvedayoḥ sādhanatvavidhānāyāha sa niścayeneti | sa

yathoktaphalo yogo niścayena śāstrācāryavacanatātparyaviṣayo'rthaḥ satya evetyadhvayasāyena yoktavyo'bhyasanīyaḥ | anirviṇṇacetasā etāvatāpi kālena yogo na siddhaḥ kimataḥ paraṃ kaṣṭamityanutāpo nirvedastadrahitena cetasā | iha janmani janmāntare setsyati kiṃ tvarayetyevaṃ dhairyamuktena manasetyarthaḥ | tadetadgauḍapādā udājahruḥ

utseka udadheryadvatkuśāgreāikabindunā |
manaso nigrahastadvadbhavedaparikhedataḥ || iti |

utseka utsecanaṃ śoṣaṇādhvasyāyena jaloddharaṇamiti yāvat | atra sampradāyavida ākhyāyikāmācakṣate | kasyacitkila pakṣiṇo'ṇḍāni tīrasthāni taraṅgavegena sumudro'pajahāra | sa ca samudraṃ śoṣayiṣāmyeveti pravṛttaḥ svamukhāgreṇaikaikaṃ jalabindumupari pracikṣepa | tadā ca bahubhiḥ pakṣibhirbandhuvargairvāryamāṇo'pi naivopararāma | yadṛcchayā ca tatrāgatena nāradena nivārito'pyasmin janmani janmāntare yena kenāpyupāyena samudraṃ śoṣayiṣyāmyeveti pratijajñe | tataśca daivānukūlyātkṛpālurnārado garuḍaṃ tatsāhāyyāya preṣayāmāsa | samudrastvajjñātidroheṇa tvāmavamanyata iti vacanena | tato garuḍapakṣavātena
śuṣyan samudro bhītastānyaṇḍāni tasmai pakṣiṇe pradadāviti | evamakhedena manonirodhe paramadharme pravartamānaṃ yoginamīśvaro'nugṛhṇāti | tataśca pakṣiṇa iva tasyābhimataṃ sidhyatīti bhāvaḥ ||23||

The Sārārthavarṣiṇī commentary by Viśvanātha

nātyaśnatastu yogo'stītyādau yogaśabdena samādhiruktaḥ | sa ca saṃprajñāto'saṃprajñātaśca | savitarkasavicārabhedātsaṃprajñāto bahuvidhaḥ | asaṃprajñātasamādhirūpo yogaḥ kīdṛśa ityapekṣāyāmāha yatretyādisārdhaistribhiḥ | yatra samādhau sati cittamuparamate vastumātrameva na spṛśatītyarthaḥ | tatra hetuḥ niruddhamiti | tathā ca pātañjalasūtram yogaścittavṛttinirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.2] iti | yatretyādipadānāṃ yogasaṃjñitaṃ vidyāditi caturthenānvayaḥ | ātmanā paramātmākārāntaḥkaraṇenātmānaṃ paśyan tasmin tuṣyati | tatratyaṃ sukhaṃ prāpnoti | yadātyantikaṃ
sukhaṃ prasiddham | atīndriyaṃ viṣayendriyasamparkarahitam | ataeva yatra sthitaḥ san tattvata ātmasvarūpānnaiva calati, ataeva yaṃ lābhaṃ labdhvā tataḥ sakāśādaparaṃ lābhamadhikaṃ na manyate | duḥkhasya saṃyogena sparśamātreṇāpi viyogo yasmin taṃ yogasaṃjñtaṃ yogasaṃjñāṃ prāptaṃ samādhiṃ vidyāt | yadyapi śīghraṃ na sidhyati tadapyayaṃ me yogaḥ saṃsetsyatyeveti yo niścayastena | anirviṇṇacetasaitāvatāpi kālena yogo na siddhaḥ | kimataḥ paraṃ kaṣṭenetyanutāpo nirvedastadrahitena cetasā | iha janmani janmāntare sidhyatu,
kiṃ me tvarayeti dhairyayuktena manasetyarthaḥ | tadetadgauḍapādā udājahruḥ

utseka udadheryadvatkuśāgreāikabindunā |
manaso nigrahastadvadbhavedaparikhedataḥ || iti |

utseka utsecanam | śoṣaṇādhyavasāyena jaloddharaṇamiti yāvat | atra kācidākhyāyikāsti | kasyacitkila pakṣiṇo'ṇḍāni tīrasthitāni taraṅgavegena sumudro jahāra | sa ca samudraṃ śoṣayiṣāmītyeveti pratijñāya svamukhāgreṇaikaikaṃ jalabindumupari pracikṣepa | taṃ ca bahubhiḥ pakṣibhirbandhubhiryuktyā vāryamāṇo'pi naivopararāma | yadṛcchayā ca tatrāgatena nāradena nivārito'pyasmin janmani janmāntare samudraṃ śoṣayiṣyāmyeveti tadagre'pi punaḥ pratijajñe | tataśca daivānukūlyātkṛpālurnārado garuḍaṃ tatsāhāyyāya preṣayāmāsa | samudrastvadīyajñātidroheṇa tvāmavamanyata iti vākyena | tato garuḍapakṣavātena śuṣyan samudro
'tibhītastānyaṇḍāni tasmai pakṣiṇe dadāviti |

evameva śāstravacanāstikyena yoge jñāne bhaktau pravartamānamutsāhavantamadhyavasāyinaṃ janaṃ bhagavānevānugṛhṇātīti niścetavyam ||2023||

The Gītābhūṣaṇa commentary by Baladeva

nātyaśnata ityādau yogaśabdenoktaṃ samādhiṃ svarūpataḥ phalataśca lakṣayati yatretyādisārdhatrayeṇa | yacchabdānāṃ taṃ vidyādyogasaṃjñitamityuttareṇānvayaḥ | yogaysa sevayābhyāsena niruddhaṃ nivṛttetaravṛttikaṃ cittaṃ yatroparamate mahatsukhametaditi sajjati | na tu dehādi paśyan viṣayeṣviti cittavṛttinirodhena svarūpeṇeṣṭaprāptilakṣaṇena phalena ca yogo darśitaḥ | sukhamiti | yatra samādhau yattatprasiddhamātyantikaṃ nityaṃ sukhaṃ vettyanubhavati | atīndriyaṃ viṣayendriyasambandharahitaṃ, buddhyātmākārayā grāhyam | ataeva yatra sthitastattvata
ātmasvarūpānnaiva calati, yaṃ yogaṃ labdhvaiva tato'paraṃ lābhamadhikaṃ na manyate | guruṇā guṇavatputravicchedādinā na vicāyate tamiti | duḥkhasaṃyogasya viyogaḥ pradhvaṃso yatra taṃ yogasaṃjñtaṃ samādhim ||2023||

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