Chapter 350 - The forms of completed euphonic combinations (sandhi)

[Sanskrit text for this chapter is available]

Skanda said:

1-5. I shall describe the forms of finished combinations^[1] [i.e., sandhi-siddha-rūpa] (of vowels and consonants). First (I shall describe) the combination of vowels [i.e., svara-sandhi].

daṇḍa + agram = daṇḍāgram [daṇḍāgra];
sā + āgatā = sāgatā;
dadhi + idaṃ = dadhīdaṃ [dadhīda];
nadi + īhate = nadīhate;
madhu + udakaṃ = madhūdakaṃ [madhūdaka];
pitṛ + ṛṣabha = pitṛṣabha;

The letter ‘ḷ’ also becomes similar.
(hotṛ + ḷkāra = hotṛkāra);
tava + idaṃ = tavedaṃ [taveda];
sakala + udakaṃ = sakalodakaṃ;

The following is a half-vowel:
tava + lkāra = tavalkāra;
sā + eṣā = saiṣā;
sā + aindri = saindrī;
tava + odanaṃ = tavaudanaṃ [tavaudana];
khaṭvā + oghaḥ = khaṭvaughaḥ [khaṭvaugha] are thus formed;
vi + asudhiḥ = vyasudhīḥ [vyasudhī];
vasu + alaṅkṛtaṃ = vasvalaṅkṛtaṃ [vasvalaṅkṛta];
pitṛ + artha = pitrartha;
pitṛ + upavana = pitrarthopavana;
nai + aka = nāyaka;
lo + aka = lāvaka;
te + iha = ta iha, tayiha etc.;
te + atra = te'tra;
yaḥ + atra = yo'tra;
jale + akajam = jale'kajam;

(The following do not undergo any change):
aho + ehi = aho ehi;
a + avehi = a avehi;
i + ṃdrakaṃ = i indrakam [indraka];
u + uttiṣṭha = u uttiṣṭha;
kavī + etau = kavī etau;
vāyu + etau = vāyu etau;
vane + ime = vane ime;
ami + ete = amī ete;
yajñabhūte + ehi = yajñabhūte ehi;
deva + imannaya = deva imannaya;

6-10. I shall describe now the conjunction of the consonants.
vāk + yataḥ = vagyataḥ [vagyata];
ac + ekamātṛkaḥ = ajekamātṛkaḥ [ajekamātṛka];
ṣaṭ + ete = ṣaḍete;
tat + ime = tadime;
vā + ādi = vādi (?);
vāk + nītiḥ = vāṅnītiḥ [vāṅnīti];
ṣaṭ + mukha = ṣaṇmukha etc.;
vāk + manasaṃ = vāṅmanasaṃ [vāṅmanasa];
vāk + bhāgādiḥ = vāgbhāgādiḥ [vāgbhāgādi];
vāk + ślakṣṇaṃ = vākślakṣṇaṃ [vākślakṣṇa];
tat + śarīrakaṃ = taccharīrakaṃ [taccharīraka];
tat + lunāti = tallunāti;
tat + caret = taccaret;
kun + āste = kuṅṅāste;
sugan + iha = sugaṇṇiha;
bhavān + caran = bhavāṃścaran;
bhavān + chātro = bhavānśchātro;
bhavān + ṭīkā = bhavāṃṣṭīkā;
bhavān + ṭakaḥ = bhavāṃṣṭakaḥ [bhavāṃṣṭaka];
bhavān + tīrtha = bhavāṃstīrtha;
bhavān + stheyān = bhavāṃstheyān;
bhavān + lekhā = bhavāṃllekhā;
bhavān + jayaḥ = bhavāñjayaḥ [bhavāñjaya];
bhavān + śete = bhavāṃschete;
bhavān + ca śete = bhavāñcaśete;
bhavān + sete = bhavāñśete;
bhavān + dīnaḥ = bhavāṇḍīnaḥ [bhavāṇḍīna];
tvaṃ + bhartā = tvaṃbhartā;
tvaṃ + karisyasi = tvaṅkariṣyasi etc.;

10-12. The conjunctions of visarga are known (as follows):

kaḥ + chindyāt = kaśchindyāt;
kaḥ + caret = kaścaret;
kaḥ + ṭaḥ = kaṣṭaḥ [kaṣṭa];
kaḥ + sthaḥ = kaṣṭhaḥ [kaṣṭha];
kaḥ + calet = kaścalet;

(In the following cases the visarga becomes the upadhmānīya):
kaḥ + khanet = kaḥ ≍ khanet;
kaḥ + karoti = kaḥ ≍ karoti sma;
kaḥ + paṭhet = kaḥ ≍ paṭhet or;
kaḥ + phaleta - kaḥ ≍ phaleta;

(The following may occur in two forms):
kaḥ + śvaśuraḥ = kaśśvaśuraḥ (or) kaḥ śvaśuraḥ [śvaśura];
kaḥ + sāvaraḥ = kassāvaraḥ or kaḥ sāvaraḥ;

(In the following cases there is no change):
kaḥ + phaleta = kaḥ phaleta;
kaḥ + śayitā = kaḥ śayitā;

(The following is an instance of change):
kaḥ + atra yodhaḥ = ko'tra yodhaḥ;

12-13. (The visarga is dropped in the following cases)
kaḥ + uttamaḥ = ka uttamaḥ [uttama];
devāḥ + ete = devā ete;
bhoḥ + iha = bho iha;
sodarāḥ + yānti = sodarā yānti;
bhago + vraja = bhago vraja;

(In the following the visarga becomes repha (r):
supūḥ+sudūḥ+rātriḥ = supūḥ sudūrātriḥ [sudūrātri];
vāyuḥ + yāti = vāyuryāti;
punaḥ + nahi = punarnahi;
punaḥ + eti = punareti;

(The visarga is dropped in the following cases)
saḥ + yāti + iha = sa yātīha;
eṣaḥ + yāti = eṣa yāti;
kaḥ + īśvaraḥ = ka īśvaraḥ [īśvara];
jyotiḥ + rūpaṃ = jyotīrūpam;

(The following are examples of other kinds of union):
tava + chatram = tavacchatram [tavacchatra];
mlecchadhīḥ + chidraṃ + ā + chidat = mlecchadhīśchidramācchidat;

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

The text gives only the combined forms. The individual words have also been given here for easy comprehension.