Ogha: 24 definitions
Introduction:
Ogha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Ogh.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra1) Ogha (ओघ) refers to a variety of music to be produced from the vīṇā (musical instrument), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 29. The vīṇā refers to a musical instrument, inhibiting various dhātus (finger techniques). Accordingly, “the ogha is the music which abounds in the ābiddha-karaṇas, has the uparipāṇi-graha-mārga, quick tempo and does not care for the meaning of the song. The rule in the playing of musical instruments, is that the ogha in a quick tempo. The experts in observing tempo and time-measure, should apply the ogha in the third song to be sound during a performance”.
2) Ogha (ओघ) is the name of a karaṇa (aspect of strokes) in playing the vipañcī (musical instrument), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 29. The vipañcī refers to an instrument with nine strings played with a plectrum (koṇa). Accordingly, “the ogha includes the ābiddha-karaṇas performed in the uparipāṇi-graha-mārga”.
3) Ogha (ओघ) or Oghakakaraṇa, also known as Catuṣka refers to one of the six karaṇas, comprising a set of rules used in the playing of drums (puṣkara) [with reference to Mṛdaṅga, Paṇava and Dardura] according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 33. Accordingly, “Ogha is playing of all the instruments in slow tempo to produce sonant syllables. Example.—tham kiti mam rhi hi kiṭi ghiṅ ghaṇdāṇam ghoṇḍa ghoṇa ghoṇr ghaṭa ghaṭa ghaṭa gheṅ gham ghe viriṇi ṇr ge ham tho tathan ghe”.
4) Ogha (ओघ) refers to one of the three gatas: rules used in the playing of drums (puṣkara) [with reference to Mṛdaṅga, Paṇava and Dardura] according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 33. Accordingly, “the ogha playing of drums should begin with upari-pāṇi and it should not rest on one karaṇa only; it should have quick tempo; its karaṇas should be āviddha and it should be used extensively”.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramOgha (ओघ) refers to “currents (of transmission)”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—A common synonym of the name Paścimāmnāya, it is the ‘root tradition’ (mūlānvaya) of which the individual lineages (oli) and currents of transmission (ogha) are developments. It is the ‘lineage of Siddhas’ (siddhānvaya) which, as the whole tradition, is at once the path of the accomplished (siddhamārga) and that of accomplishment (siddhimārga). The word ‘anvaya’ may also denote a particular line of transmission or ‘lineage of Siddhas’ (siddhānvaya) or ‘the lineage of a sacred seat’ (pīṭhānvaya).
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationOgha (ओघ) refers to the “currents (of water)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.20 (“The story of the submarine fire”).—Accordingly, after Brahmā spoke to the Ocean: “Thus requested by me, the ocean agreed. None else could have grasped Śiva’s fire of fury thus. That fire in the form of a mare entered the ocean and began to consume the currents of water [i.e., vāri-ogha]. It blazed with all its shooting flames. O sage, then, delighted in mind I returned to my abode. The ocean of divine form bowed to me and vanished. O great sage, the entire universe, freed from the fear of that fire became normal. The gods and the sages became happy”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra TantraOgha (ओघ) refers to the “massive (bonds)”, according to the Netratantroddyota commentary on the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 4.10]—“[...] He teaches that after the [Mantrin has] first, correctly understood this expansive [rite] from the Svacchanda Tantra, [and other texts], he should put it into practice. The eye of Śiva is greater than all. It bestows on those rich in devotion, immersion in the highest abode, [and he] burns away of all the massive bonds (pāśaa-ogha-ploṣa—jayatyaśeṣapāśaughaploṣakṛd)”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Pali Kanon: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines'floods', is a name for the 4 cankers (āsava).
Source: Dhamma Study: Cetasikasfloods; Another group of defilements; The "floods" submerge a person again and again in the cycle of birth and death. A flood is dangerous, it can drown us.
The floods are:
- the flood of sensuous desire (kamogha)
- the flood of desire for rebirth (bhavogha)
- the flood of wrong view (ditthogha)
- the flood of ignorance (avijjogha)
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the GaganagañjaparipṛcchāOgha (ओघ) [=Augha?] refers to the “stream”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “Then, the Lord went on to speak these verses: ‘[...] (78) Insight is not dependent on self, living beings, individual, and life principle, makes [living beings] free from existence and non-existence, and teaches them to practice the perfection of insight. (79) Insight is free from vices (kleśa) because it conquers Māras; it saves [living beings] out of the stream (augha) and releases them; it creates knowledge (jñāna) and related behaviour; and it reveals the highest happiness of liberation (mokṣa).[...]’”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryogha : (m.) a flood; that which sweeps a man away from emancipation; torrent.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryOgha, (Vedic ogha and augha; BSk. ogha, e.g. Divy 95 caturogh’ottīrṇa, Jtm 215 mahaugha. Etym. uncertain). 1. (rare in the old texts) a flood of water VvA. 48 (udak’ogha); usually as mahogha a great flood Dh. 47; Vism. 512; VvA. 110; DhA. II, 274 = ThA. 175.—2. (always in sg.) the flood of ignorance and vain desires which sweep a man down, away from the security of emancipation. To him who has “crossed the flood”, oghatiṇṇo, are ascribed all, or nearly all, the mental and moral qualifications of the Arahant. For details see Sn. 173, 219, 471, 495, 1059, 1064, 1070, 1082; A. II, 200 sq. Less often we have details of what the flood consists of. Thus kāmogha the fl. of lusts A. III, 69 (cp. Dhs. 1095, where o. is one of the many names of taṇhā, craving, thirst). In the popular old riddle at S. I, 3 and Th. 1, 15, 633 (included also in the Dhp. Anthology, 370) the “flood” is 15 states of mind (the 5 bonds which impede a man on his entrance upon the Aryan Path, the 5 which impede him in his progress towards the end of the Path, and 5 other bonds: lust, ill-temper, stupidity, conceit, and vain speculation). Five Oghas referred to at S. I, 126 are possibly these last. Sn. 945 says that the flood is gedha greed, and the avijjogha of Pug. 21 may perhaps belong here. As means of crossing the flood we have the Path S. I, 193 (°assa nittharaṇatthaṃ); IV, 257; V, 59; It III (°assa nittharanatthāya); faith S. I, 214 = Sn. 184 = Miln. 36; mindfulness S. V, 168, 186; the island Dh. 25; and the dyke Th. 1, 7 = Sn. 4 (cp. D. II, 89). 3. Towards the close of the Nikāya period we find, for the first time, the use of the word in the pl. , and the mention of 4 Oghas identical with the 4 Āsavas (mental Intoxicants). See D. III, 230, 276; S. IV, 175, 257; V, 59, 292, 309; Nd1 57, 159; Nd2 178. When the oghas had been thus grouped and classified in the livery, as it were, of a more popular simile, the older use of the word fell off, a tendency arose to think only of 4 oghas, and of these only as a name or phase of the 4 āsavas. So the Abhidhamma books (Dhs. 1151; Vbh. 25 sq. , 43, 65, 77, 129; Comp. Phil. 171). The Netti follows this (31, 114—24). Grouped in combn. āsavagantha-ogha-yoga-agati-taṇh’upādāna at Vism. 211. The later history of the word has yet to be investigated. But it may be already stated that the 5th cent. commentators persist in the error of explaining the old word ogha, used in the singular, as referring to the 4 Āsavas; and they extend the old simile in other ways. Dhammapāla of Kāñcipura twice uses the word in the sense of flood of water (VvA. 48, 110, see above 1).
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryōgha (ओघ).—m (S) Stream, current, flow. 2 A stream; a division of a river. Ex. gaṅgā sātā ōghānnī samu- drāsa miḷālī. 3 fig. A course, consecution, succession; a traditional account or usage: also a popular or extensive practice or fashion. 4 In music. Quick time: also the term indicating it, presto. ōgha yēṇēṃ g. of s. To descend in a stream or course, lit. fig. ōghā ōghā khālīṃ In the current of; during the going on (of one course or process)--doing, giving &c. Also ōghā ōghācā Of the current of &c. and ōghā ōghānēṃ With, in &c. ōghānta paḍaṇēṃ or ōghāsa yēṇēṃ To fall into the course of.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishōgha (ओघ).—m A stream, current, flow. Fig. A course, consecution, succession.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryOgha (ओघ).—[uc-ghañ pṛṣo° gha]
1) A flood, stream, current; नायं शक्यस्त्वया बद्धुं महानोघस्तपोधन (nāyaṃ śakyastvayā baddhuṃ mahānoghastapodhana) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 3.135.37; पुनरोघेन हि युज्यते नदी (punaroghena hi yujyate nadī) Kumārasambhava 4.44; so रुधिर°, बाष्प° (rudhira°, bāṣpa°) &c.
2) An inundation.
3) A heap, quantity, mass, multitude; सन्ति चौघबलाः केचित् (santi caughabalāḥ kecit) Rām.5.43.23. दीपयन्नथ नभः किरणौघैः (dīpayannatha nabhaḥ kiraṇaughaiḥ) Kirātārjunīya 9.23. बाण°, अघ°, जन° (bāṇa°, agha°, jana°) &c.
4) The whole.
5) Continuity.
6) Quick time in music.
7) Tradition, traditional instruction.
8) A kind of dance.
9) One of the three वाद्यविधि (vādyavidhi)s, the other two being तत्त्व (tattva) and अनुगत (anugata) (cf. tattvaṃ bhavedanugatamoghaśceti nirūpitam | gītānugaṃ triprakāraṃ vādyaṃ tallakṣma kathyate || trividhaṃ gīte kāryaṃ vāditraṃ vaiṇameva vādyajaiḥ | tattvaṃ tathāpyanugatamogho vā naikakaraṇaṃ tu ||) तत्त्वौघानुगताश्च वाद्यविधयः सम्यक् त्रयो दर्शिताः (tattvaughānugatāśca vādyavidhayaḥ samyak trayo darśitāḥ) Nāg.1.14.
Derivable forms: oghaḥ (ओघः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryOgha (ओघ).—m. (= Pali id.), flood (of evils, passions, or depravities, ‘crossing’ of which, tar- or ut-tar-, is necessary for salvation); usually four in number, presumably as in Pali = the 4 āsrava or yoga, qq.v. (compare Mahāvyutpatti 2141 āśravaḥ, 2142 oghaḥ): catur-ogha-pāra-gāmitābhiprāyasya (bodhi- sattvasya) Lalitavistara 8.16 (read so with Tibetan pha rol tu ḥgro baḥi bsam pa can, intending to go to the further shore…; best ms. A °pāramitābhi°, Lefm. with others °pāragāminā- bhi°); Lalitavistara 195.18 (verse) ogha catvāri tīrtvā; caturoghot- tīrṇānāṃ (Buddhānāṃ) Divyāvadāna 95.15; Avadāna-śataka i.16.11; sattvānāṃ caturoghottaraṇatāyai Gaṇḍavyūha 492.1; five or six ogha, Mahāvastu iii.283.18 (verse) pañcoghatīrṇo taratīha ṣaṣṭhaṃ (text ṣaṣṭaṃ; = Pali SN i.126.22; compare Windisch, Māra und Buddha, 122 note 1; it is not clear what these are; for one not very plausible conjecture see [Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary] s.v.).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryOgha (ओघ).—m.
(-ghaḥ) 1. A heap or quantity, flock or multitude. 2. A stream, a torrent, rapid flow of water, an inundation. 3. Quick time in music. 4. Tradition. 5. Advice, instruction. E. uc to collect, ghañ affix, and ca is changed to gha.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryOgha (ओघ).—i. e. probably vah + a, m. 1. A stream, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 9, 54. 2. A multitude, Mahābhārata 1, 4448. 3. Density, [Śiśupālavadha] 9, 27.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryOgha (ओघ).—[masculine] flood, stream (p. vant); abundance, heap, multitude of (—°).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Ogha (ओघ):—m. (ifc. f(ā). )
2) (√vah) flood, stream, rapid flow of water, [Mahābhārata; Meghadūta; Śakuntalā] etc.
3) heap or quantity, flock, multitude, abundance, [Mahābhārata; Bhāgavata-purāṇa; Kathāsaritsāgara] etc.
4) quick time (in music), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) uninterrupted tradition, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) instruction, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] (cf. augha.)
7) [plural] the (four) floods (of worldly passion), [Divyāvadāna]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryOgha (ओघ):—(ghaḥ) 1. m. A heap; quick time; a stream; advice; tradition.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Ogha (ओघ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Ogha, Oha.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryOgha (ओघ) [Also spelled ogh]:—(nm) aggregate, multitude, collection.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionaryOgha (ओघ) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Ogha.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusŌgha (ಓಘ):—
1) [noun] an overflowing of water on an area that is normally dry; flood.
2) [noun] the force or impetus of movement or speech.
3) [noun] a heap; a flock; a multitude.
4) [noun] fast pace in keeping time in music.
5) [noun] tradition; traditional instruction.
6) [noun] a kind of dance.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+10): Ogha Sutta, Ogha Vagga, Oghadeva, Oghaja, Oghak kpa, Oghala, Oghalanem, Oghalanighala, Oghali, Oghambu, Oghana, Oghaniryukti, Oghaniya, Ogharatha, Oghasvara, Oghasvarupa, Oghataka, Oghatara, Oghatiga, Oghatiṇṇa.
Ends with (+60): Adrogha, Aghaugha, Akogha, Amaraugha, Ambaraugha, Amogha, Amritaugha, Anogha, Arnavaugha, Arthgha, Asogha, Avidyaugha, Avijjayogha, Avijjogha, Balgha, Banaugha, Bhavayogha, Bhavogha, Chandogha, Chhandogha.
Full-text (+95): Augha, Bhavogha, Ditthogha, Vaghala, Oghaniryukti, Kamogha, Ogharatha, Anogha, Mahogha, Sarvgha, Shargha, Tandulaugha, Oha, Avijjogha, Oghavati, Udatari, Oghadeva, Oghavat, Mahaugha, Ghanaugha.
Relevant text
Search found 25 books and stories containing Ogha, Ōgha; (plurals include: Oghas, Ōghas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
A Manual of Abhidhamma (by Nārada Thera)
Introductory Verse < [Chapter VII - Abhidhamma Categories]
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyana Gosvāmī Mahārāja)
Verse 2.4.48 < [Chapter 4 - Vaikuṇṭha (the spiritual world)]
Verse 2.1.145 < [Chapter 1 - Vairāgya (renunciation)]
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
Laya (tempo) < [Chapter 4 - Cultural Aspects]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 9.54 < [Section III - To whom does the Child belong?]
Gemstones of the Good Dhamma (by Ven. S. Dhammika)