Repha: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Repha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Ref.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraRepha (रेफ) refers to one of the four kinds of vyañjana (indication), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 29. Vyañjana represents one of the four classes of dhātu (stroke), which relate to different aspects of strokes in playing stringed instruments (tata).
According to the Nāṭyaśāstra, “repha is one single stroke with all the figures of a hand”.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammarRepha (रेफ).—The consonant र् (r); generally the word रेफ (repha) is used for र (ra) and not रकार (rakāra); cf. वर्णात्कारः । रादिफंः (varṇātkāraḥ | rādiphaṃḥ) P.III.3.108 Vārt. 3,4. The consonant र (ra) is described as one pronounced like the tearing of a piece of cloth and resembling a snarl or a growl: cf. रिफ्यते विपाटथते वस्त्रादिपाटनध्वनिवदुच्चार्यते इति रेफः । (riphyate vipāṭathate vastrādipāṭanadhvanivaduccāryate iti rephaḥ |)
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaRepha (रेफ).—A hermit of the period of Ṛgveda. Once the asuras threw this hermit into water. This was the punishment for the sins committed by him in his previous life. (Ṛgveda, Maṇḍala 1, Anuvāka 17, Sūkta 116).
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: OSU Press: Cakrasamvara SamadhiRepha (रेफ) refers to the “letter Ra”, according to the Guru Mandala Worship (maṇḍalārcana) ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samādhi, which refers to the primary pūjā and sādhanā practice of Newah Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna Buddhists in Nepal.—Accordingly, “In front, above that, (arising from) the letter Yaṃ, is an air mandala, Above that, (arising from) the letter Raṃ, is a fire mandala, (and) above (that) a triangle marked red Ra [e.g., rakta-repha-aṅkita], three shaved heads, and a lotus vessel, Behold the five ambrosia and five lamps, distributed, etc., therein, Arising from the letters Buṃ Āṃ Jiṃ Khaṃ Hūṃ Lāṃ Māṃ Pāṃ Tāṃ Vaṃ”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
Jain philosophy
Source: archive.org: Anekanta Jaya Pataka of Haribhadra SuriRepha (रेफ) (Sanskrit; in Prakrit: Rebha) refers to a “snarl” (i.e., the letter “r”), as occurring in the Anekāntajayapatākā-prakaraṇa, a Śvetāmbara Jain philosophical work written by Haribhadra Sūri.—[Cf. Vol. I, P. 155, l. 22]—‘Repha’ (P. ‘Rebha’) means a snarl. It stands for ‘r’. Letters other than this are named with ‘kāra’ affixed to them in Sanskrit e.g. ‘sakāra’. But such is not the case with this letter.
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Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryrēpha (रेफ).—m (S) The letter ra with the inherent short vowel dropped. 2 The mark by which it is denoted, and which is placed over the letter following it.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishrēpha (रेफ).—m The letter ra with the inherent short vowel dropped.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryRepha (रेफ).—a. Low. vile, contemptible.
-phaḥ 1 A burr, grating sound.
2) The letter र् (r).
3) Passion, affection.
4) A word; कण्ठे च सामानि समस्तरेफान् (kaṇṭhe ca sāmāni samastarephān) Bhāgavata 8.2.25.
5) (In prosody) A cretic ( -).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryRepha (रेफ).—mfn. (-phaḥ-phā-pha) 1. Low, vile, contemptible, wicked. 2. Defamed, reviled. m.
(-phaḥ) 1. The letter “R”. 2. Passion, affection of the mind. 3. A grating sound. E. ra the letter R, with inherent short vowel, and ipha aff.; or riph to defame, to reproach, aff. ac or ghañ .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryRepha (रेफ).—I. adj. Contemptible, bad. Ii. m. The letter R.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryRepha (रेफ).—[masculine] the snarling sound, i.e. ra.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Repha (रेफ):—[from riph] a m. a burring guttural sound, the letter r (as so pronounced), [Prātiśākhya; ???]
2) [v.s. ...] a word, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
3) [v.s. ...] (in prosody) a cretic (¯ ˘ ¯), [Piṅgala Scholiast, i.e. halāyudha]
4) [v.s. ...] passion, affection of the mind, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] mfn. low, vile, contemptible, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] (cf. repa).
6) b phas, phin See, [ib.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryRepha (रेफ):—[(phaḥ-phā-phaṃ) a.] Low, vile, defamed. m. The letter r; passion, affection.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryRepha (रेफ) [Also spelled ref]:—(nm) the letter [ra] or its allographs as in [kra, rka, ṭra.].
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Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusRēpha (ರೇಫ):—
1) [noun] the letter 'ರ [ra] '.
2) [noun] the sound of this letter.
3) [noun] interest; inclination; bent of mind.
4) [noun] a mean, dishonorable, ignoble man.
5) [noun] (pros.) a metrical foot consisting of one long followed by a short and a long syllabic instants(-u-); amphimacer.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryRepha (रेफ):—n. 1. the mark (‘) pronounced /r/; 2. sarcasm; satire; 3. false allegation; charge; blame;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Rephalakaropanta, Rephankita, Rephari, Rephas, Rephasamdhi, Rephashiras, Rephavant, Rephavat, Rephavipula, Rephay, Rephaya.
Full-text (+31): Dvirepha, Rephas, Virepha, Rephavipula, Citrarepha, Sharepha, Rephasamdhi, Shakatarepha, Vritarepha, Repas, Ref, Virephas, Rephalakaropanta, Taratamya, Arepha, Rephavat, Arephavat, Arephajata, Dvirephacaya, Dvirephamala.
Relevant text
Search found 27 books and stories containing Repha, Rēpha; (plurals include: Rephas, Rēphas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.225 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 8.21 < [Chapter 8 - Literary Qualities]
Vasudevavijaya of Vasudeva (Study) (by Sajitha. A)
Sandhi (c): Visargasandhi < [Chapter 3 - Vāsudevavijaya—A Grammatical Study]
Agni Purana (by N. Gangadharan)
Chapter 350 - The forms of completed euphonic combinations (sandhi)
Chapter 332 - The metres of un-equal characteristics in the four quarters (viṣama)
Dramaturgy in the Venisamhara (by Debi Prasad Namasudra)
Vṛtti (Bearing) and Diction < [Chapter 4 - Dramaturgy in Veṇīsaṃhāra]