Text 4.26

प्रिय-सान्निध्ये'पि राग-स्वाभाव्याद् विश्लेष-धियार्तिः प्रेम-वैचित्त्यम्। यथा,

priya-sānnidhye'pi rāga-svābhāvyād viśleṣa-dhiyārtiḥ prema-vaicittyam. yathā,

The type of vipralambha called prema-vaicittya is defined as a painful occurrence that happens by thinking in terms of separation, although the lover is nearby, since it is the nature of love. This is an example:

kurari vilapasi tvaṃ vīta-nidrā na śeṣe svapiti jagati rātryām īśvaro gupta-bodhaḥ |
vayam iva sakhi kaccid gāḍha-nirviddha-cetā nalina-nayana-hāsodāra-līlekṣitena ||

[The queens in Dvārakā spoke while Kṛṣṇa was not too far away:]

O female osprey, you are lamenting. At night, the Lord, the understanding of whom remains obscure, is sleeping in the world, yet tonight you do not take rest. You are sleepless. O friend, is it that your heart, like ours, has been deeply pierced by the smile and the exalted playful glance of Him whose eyes are lotuses? (Bhāgavatam 10.90.15)

Commentary:

Śukadeva hints at prema-vaicittya with a double meaning on the word gupta-bodha (the understanding of whom is a secret; or the perception of whom is hidden).

Viśvanātha Cakravartī expounds:

ātmano bhāvam unmāda-vaśāt prāyaḥ sarvatra paśyantyaḥ kurary-ādīn āhuḥ daśabhiḥ. he kurāri! yasya vihareṇa tvaṃ vilapasi vīta-nidrā gata-nidrā satī sa tu tvayi prema-śūnyaḥ īśvaro’smākaṃ patiḥ svapiti, atas tvad-vilāpaṃ na śṛṇoti, tata eva tvad-vilāpa-śravaṇotthā kṛpāpy asya sambhavet na, yatas tvat-saṅgaṃ kuryāt. kiṃ yuṣmābhiḥ saha svapiti. na hi na hi, gupta-bodhaḥ asmābhir ajñāta-tattva eva jagaty asmin kvāpi rātryāṃ tad-anveṣaṇa-virodhinyāṃ śete. atas tvaṃ vā kiṃ kariṣyasi, vayaṃ vā kiṃ kurmaḥ iti bhāvaḥ.

“In ten verses the queens speak to a female osprey and so on while projecting their own mood on almost anything, under the influence of madness (unmāda). “Dear female osprey, He in separation from whom you, being sleepless, are lamenting has no love for you. He, our husband, is sleeping, therefore He will not hear your lamentation. Consequently even His mercy—because of which He might contact you—generated from hearing your lamentation cannot possibly occur.” “Then is He sleeping with you?!” “Not at all, we don’t know where He is (gupta-bodhaḥ = asmābhiḥ ajñāta-tattvaḥ eva). At night, which prevents a search for Him, He is sleeping somewhere in the world, so what can you possibly do?” The gist is: “What can we possibly do?”” (Sārārtha-darśinī 10.90.15).

In the previous verse, Śukadeva used the adverb jaḍam (senselessly) to describe the queens’ thought process during prema-vaicittya, and the adjective unmatta-vat (as if mad) to describe the queens at that time.^[1] This means prema-vaicittya is characterized by the vyabhicāribhāvas called jāḍya (indolence) and unmāda (insanity), therefore those two are implied. Moreover, jāḍya precedes and follows the vyabhicāri-bhāva called moha (confused bewilderment).^[2] Both jāḍya and unmāda are among the ten stages of love in separation: aṅgeṣu tāpa (heat in the limbs), kṛśatā (thinness), jāgarya (staying awake), ālamba-śūnyatā (mental voidness), adhṛti (lack of mental composure), jaḍatā (indolence), vyādhi (disease, or specific mental agony), unmāda (high madness), mūrcchita (swoon), and mṛti (death, i.e. not desiring to live) (Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu 3.2.116).

Viśvanātha Cakravartī explains the context by paraphrasing Śukadeva:

unmatta-vat hṛta-buddhitvāt dhūsturādi-vikṣipta-cittā iva aravindākṣam aparokṣam api parokṣatayā cintayantyo jaḍaṃ vicāra-śūnyaṃ yathā syāt tathā yāny ūcus tāni me mattaḥ śṛṇu. iyaṃ premṇaḥ ṣaṣṭhī bhūmikā, anurāga-bhedaḥ prema-vaicittyākhyaḥ,

““Hear from me what the queens said without discernment (jaḍam = vicāra-śūnyaṃ yathā syāt tathā), as though they were mad (unmattavat)—in other words their minds were as if distorted by something like thorn apple, since their intellectual faculties were gone—while thinking that the lotus-eyed Lord was out of sight although He was directly perceivable.” This is the sixth stage of prema, a variety of anurāga called prema-vaicittya” (Sārārtha-darśinī 10.90.14). Jīva Gosvāmī etymologically explains prema-vaicittya as an altered state of mind due to love: premṇo yad vaicittyaṃ cittasyānyathā-bhāvas tan-mayatvāt tad evocyata ity arthaḥ (Locana-rocanī 15.147).

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

ūcur mukundaika-dhiyo gira unmatta-vaj jaḍam |
cintayantyo’ravindākṣaṃ tāni me gadataḥ śṛṇu || (Bhāgavatam 10.90.14)

[2]:

jāḍyam apratipattiḥ syād iṣṭāniṣṭha-śrutīkṣaṇaiḥ |
virahādyaiś ca tan-mohāt pūrvāvasthāparāpi ca | (Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu 2.4.107)