Prema, Preman: 27 definitions
Introduction:
Prema means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Prema (प्रेम) refers to “pure love for Kṛṣṇa, which is extremely concentrated, which completely melts the heart, and which gives rise to a deep sense of mamatā, or possessiveness, in relationship to Him”. (cf. Glossary page from Śrīmad-Bhagavad-Gītā).
Prema (प्रेम) refers to:—(1) love for Śrī Kṛṣṇa which is extremely concentrated, which completely melts the heart and which gives rise to a deep sense of possessiveness (mamatā), in relation to Śrī Kṛṣṇa; (2) when bhāva becomes firmly rooted and unchecked by any obstacle it is known as prema. (cf. Glossary page from Bhajana-Rahasya).
Prema (प्रेम) refers to:—Extremely concentrated love for the Supreme Personality of Godhead that completely melts the heart and gives rise to a deep sense of mamatā (possessiveness) in relation to the Lord. (cf. Glossary page from Śrī Bṛhad-bhāgavatāmṛta).
Prema (प्रेम) refers to—Transcendental love.
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Preman (प्रेमन्) or Prema refers to “emotions of love”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.24. Accordingly as Brahmā narrated to Nārada:—“[...] on hearing her [Satī’s] words Rāma became happy, his eyes shining with brilliance. He thought upon his lord Śiva. Emotions of love (preman) swelled in his heart. O sage, without the specific permission of Śatī he did not go near Śiva. Describing his greatness Rāma spoke to Satī again”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Kavyashastra (science of poetry)
Premā (प्रेमा) is the name of a Sanskrit metre (chandas) [defined as उ.उ.इ.उ] of the Upajāti type as employed in the Bhīṣmacarita (Bhishma Charitra) which is a mahākāvya (‘epic poem’) written by Hari Narayan Dikshit.—We find twenty examples of Premā variety of Upajāti metre in the Bhīṣmacarita. The example of it is verse IV.6. [...] The other examples are as follows: IV.8, IV.11, IV.23, IV.30, IV.50, X.1, X.8, X.15, X.19, X.20, X.25, X.33, XI.2, XI.10, XI.12, XIV.30, XIV.35, XIV.40 and XIV.44.
Kavyashastra (काव्यशास्त्र, kāvyaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian tradition of poetry (kavya). Canonical literature (shastra) of the includes encyclopedic manuals dealing with prosody, rhetoric and various other guidelines serving to teach the poet how to compose literature.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Preman (प्रेमन्) refers to Buddha’s “affection for beings”, according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter 51. Accordingly, “[...] In his great loving-kindness (mahāmaitrī), the Buddha has an affection (preman) for beings which penetrates to the marrow of the bones (asthimajjan). He is constantly dying for beings”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Premā (प्रेमा) refers to one of the female Śrāvakas mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Premā).
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Prema (प्रेम) refers to “joy”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “The doctrine is able to produce the happiness which is the best part of the city of the chief of the snakes. The doctrine is the great joy conveyed to the world of mortals [com.—datta-manuṣyaloka-vistīrṇa-prema—‘the great joy granted to the human world’] for those possessing a desire for that. The doctrine is the place of the arising of the taste for the constant happiness in the city of heaven. Does not the doctrine make a man fit for pleasure with a woman [in the form] of liberation?”.
Synonyms: Prīti.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
prēma (प्रेम).—m (S) Love, affection, kindness, tender regard. 2 Divine love. 3 The rising and forthflowing of affection or tenderness. v yē.
--- OR ---
prēmā (प्रेमा).—m S Affection or kindness. 2 The overflowing or swelling of love or tenderness. v yē.
prēma (प्रेम) [-mā, -मा].—m Love, affection. Divine love.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Preman (प्रेमन्).—m., n. [priyasya bhāvaḥ imanic prādeśaḥ ekāckatvāt na ṭilopaḥ Tv.]
1) Love, affection; तत् प्रेम हेमनिकषोपलतां तनोति (tat prema hemanikaṣopalatāṃ tanoti) Gītagovinda 11; Meghadūta 46; भद्रं प्रेम सुमानुषस्य कथमप्येकं हि तत् प्राप्यते (bhadraṃ prema sumānuṣasya kathamapyekaṃ hi tat prāpyate) Uttararāmacarita 1.
2) Favour, kindness, kind or tender regard.
3) Sport, pastime.
4) Joy, delight, gladness. -m.
1) A jest, joke.
2) Wind, air.
3) An epithet of Indra.
Preman (प्रेमन्).—mn. (-mā-ma) 1. Affection, kindness, tender regard. 2. Pleasure, sport, pastime, joy. m.
(-mā) 1. Indra. 2. Air. E. pre for priya loved, imanic aff.
Preman (प्रेमन्).—i. e. I. prī + man (and priya + iman), n., [Lassen, Anthologia Sanskritica.] 56, 16, and m. Love, [Meghadūta, (ed. Gildemeister.)] 45; kindness, Böhtl. Ind. Spr. 187; 3337. Ii. m. 1. A name of Indra. 2. Wind.
Prema (प्रेम).—(adj. —°) = seq.
Preman (प्रेमन्).—[masculine] [neuter] love, affection, kindness.
1) Prema (प्रेम):—[from prī] 1. prema (ifc. f(ā). ) = preman love, affection (cf. sa-p)
2) Premā (प्रेमा):—[from prema > prī] a f. See below.
3) Prema (प्रेम):—[from prī] 2. prema in [compound] for preman.
4) Premā (प्रेमा):—[from prī] b in [compound] for preman.
1) Preman (प्रेमन्):—[from prī] a mn. love, affection, kindness, tender regard, favour, predilection, fondness, l° etc. towards ([locative case] or [compound]), [Taittirīya-saṃhitā; Brāhmaṇa; Kāvya literature] etc. (also [plural])
2) [v.s. ...] joy, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) [v.s. ...] m. sport, a jest, joke, [Sāhitya-darpaṇa]
4) [v.s. ...] wind, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] Name of Indra, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) [v.s. ...] of various men, [Rājataraṅgiṇī]
7) b preyas etc. See p. 711, col. 2.
Preman (प्रेमन्):—[(mā-ma)] 5. m. n. Affection, love; pleasure. m. Indra; air.
Prema (प्रेम):—
1) am Ende eines adj. comp. (f. ā) st. preman Liebe, Zuneigung: sapremām von Liebe erfüllt [Kathāsaritsāgara 17, 132.] sapremā (könnte auch auf sapreman zurückgehen) [28, 78.] —
2) f. premā a) = preman in premābandha. —
3) ein best. Metrum: a. b. d. ¯ ¯ ˘ ¯ ¯ ˘ ˘ ¯ ˘ ¯ ¯ c. ˘ ¯ ˘ ¯ ¯ u. s. w. [HALL] in [Journ. of the Am. Or. S. 6, 514.]
Preman (प्रेमन्):—
--- OR ---
Preman (प्रेमन्):—
1) tvayi prakṛṣṭapremā (adj. f.) [UTTARARĀMAC. 39, 7 (53, 4).]
Prema (प्रेम):——
1) am Ende eines adj. Comp. (f. ā) = preman 1). —
2) f. ā — a) dass. — b) ein best. Metrum.
Preman (प्रेमन्):——
1) m. n. — a) Liebe , Zuneigung , Vorliebe , Liebhaberei ([Indische sprüche 7621]), Gunst , Zärtlichkeit , Liebe u.s.w. zu (Loc. oder im Comp. vorangehend). Auch Pl. — b) *Freude. —
2) m. — a) Scherz , Spass. Pl. [Sāhityadarpaṇa 136.] — b) *Wind. — c) *Beiname Indra's. — d) Nomen proprium verschiedener Männer.
Preman (प्रेमन्) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Pijja, Pimma, Pejja, Pema.
Premā (प्रेमा) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Pemmā.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Prema (प्रेम) [Also spelled prem]:—(nm) love; affection; attachment; -[kathā/-kahānī] a love story; tale of love; -[gīta] a lovesong; -[pagā] soaked in love, full of feelings of love; -[patra] a loveletter; -[pātra] dear, beloved; -[pāśa] bond of love; -[baṃdhana] bond of love; -[bhakti] love-inspired or affection-based devotion; -[bhāva] love, emotion of love; ~[maya] loving, affectionate; -[vihāra] love-making; -[vihvala] love-sick; -[vyāpāra] loveaffair; ~[śūnya] loveless.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Prēma (ಪ್ರೇಮ):—
1) [noun] great joy or pleasure.
2) [noun] a deep and tender feeling of affection for or attachment or devotion to a person or persons; love.
3) [noun] strong liking for or interest in something; love.
4) [noun] a strong, usu. passionate, affection of one person for another, based in part on sexual attraction.
5) [noun] great joy or pleasure; delight.
6) [noun] (pros.) a metre having a dactylus (a group consisting of one long syllable, followed by two short ones) and one short and one long syllables (-uu, u-).
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Prema (प्रेम):—n. love; affection;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+27): Prema-pandu, Prema-varta, Premabandha, Premabandhana, Premabhakti, Premabhamga, Premabhava, Premabheda, Premabihvala, Premada, Premadevi, Premadhara, Premagabhira, Premagita, Premagite, Premakalaha, Premakathe, Premalatika, Premamadhurya, Premamanjari.
Full-text (+185): Premapatra, Premabandha, Premapatana, Premabhava, Premapara, Bhuripreman, Premavati, Premabandhana, Apreman, Premashru, Sthitapreman, Premaraja, Premardra, Premasahi, Premanarayana, Saprema, Premapattanika, Vipreman, Premabhakti, Prena.
Relevant text
Search found 91 books and stories containing Prema, Prēmā, Prēma, Premā, Preman; (plurals include: Premas, Prēmās, Prēmas, Premās, Premans). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Shringara-manjari Katha (translation and notes) (by Kumari Kalpalata K. Munshi)
Part 5 - The purpose of the Srngaramanjari-katha < [Introduction to the Shringaramanjari-katha of Shri Bhojadeva]
A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 4 (by Surendranath Dasgupta)
Part 7 - The Joy of bhakti < [Chapter XXXIII - The Philosophy of Jiva Gosvāmī and Baladeva Vidyābhūṣaṇā]
Part 5 - Concept of bhakti < [Chapter XXXI - The Philosophy of Vallabha]
Part 1 - Caitanya’s Biographers < [Chapter XXXII - Caitanya and his Followers]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 213 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 537 < [Kannada-English-Malayalam (1 volume)]
Page 691 < [Malayalam-English-Kannada (1 volume)]
Sanskrit Words In Southeast Asian Languages (by Satya Vrat Shastri)
Page 183 < [Sanskrit words in the Southeast Asian Languages]
Pottekkat: A Kerala Novelist < [June 1946]
Book Reviews < [April – June, 1990]
Poems by Subramania Bharati < [July 1957]
Bhajana-Rahasya (by Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura Mahasaya)
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