Verse 3.1

arjuna uvāca
jyāyasī cetkarmaṇaste matā buddhirjanārdana |
tatkiṃ karmaṇi ghore māṃ niyojayasi keśava || 1 ||

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

sāṅkhye yoge ca vaiṣamyaṃ matvā mugdhāya jiṣṇave |
tayorbhedanirāsāya karmayoge udīryate ||

evaṃ tāvadaśocyānanvaśocastvam [Gītā 2.11] ityādinā prathamaṃ mokṣasādhanatvena dehātmavivekabuddhiruktā | tadanantarameṣā te'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhiryoge tvimāṃ śṛṇu [Gītā 2.39] ityādinā karma coktam | na ca tayorguṇapradhānabhāvaḥ spaṣṭaṃ darśitaḥ | tatra buddhiyuktasya sthitaprajñasya niṣkāmatvaniyatendriyatvanirahaṅkāratvādyabhidhānādeṣā brāhmī sthitiḥ pārtha [Gītā 2.72] iti sapraśaṃsamupasaṃhārācca buddhikarmaṇormadhye buddheḥ śreṣṭhatvaṃ bhagavato'bhipretaṃ manvāno'rjuna uvāca jyāyasī cediti | karmaṇaḥ sakāśātmokṣāntaraṅgatvena buddhirjyāyasī adhikatarā śreṣṭhā
cettava saṃmatā tarhi kimarthaṃ tasmādyudhyasveti tasmāduttiṣṭeti ca vāraṃ vāraṃ vadan ghore hiṃsātmake karmaṇi māṃ niyojayasi pravartayasi ||1||

The Gūḍhārthadīpikā commentary by Madhusūdana

evaṃ tāvatprathamenādhyāyenopodghātito dvitīyenādhyāyena kṛtsnaḥ śāstrārthaḥ sūtritaḥ | tathā hiādau niṣkāmakarmaniṣṭhā | tato'ntaḥkaraṇaśuddhiḥ | tataḥ śamadamādisādhanapuraḥsaraḥ sarvakarmasaṃnyāsaḥ | tato vedāntavākyavicārasahitā bhagavadbhaktiniṣṭhā | tatastattvajñānaniṣṭhā tasyāḥ phalaṃ ca triguṇātmakāvidyānivṛttyā jīvanmuktiḥ prārabdhakarmaphalabhogaparyantaṃ tadante ca videhamuktiḥ | jīvanmuktidaśāyāṃ ca paramapuruṣārthālambanena paravairāgyaprāptirdaivasampadākhyā ca śubhavāsanā tadupakāriṇyādeyā
| āsurasampadastu rājasī tāmasī ceti heyopādeyavibhāgena kṛtsnaśāstrārthaparisamāptiḥ |

tatra yogasthaḥ kuru karmāṇi [Gītā 2.48] ityādinā sūtritā sattvaśuddhisādhanabhūtā niṣkāmakarmaniṣṭhā sāmānyaviśeṣarūpeṇa tṛtīyacaturthābhyāṃ prapañcyate | tataḥ śuddhāntaḥkaraṇasya śamadamādisādhanasampattipuraḥsarā vihāya kāmān yaḥ sarvān [Gītā 2.71] ityādinā sūtritā sarvakarmasaṃnyāsaniṣṭhā saṅkṣepavistararūpeṇa pañcamaṣaṣṭhābhyām | etāvatā ca tvaṃpadārtho'pi nirūpitaḥ | tato vedāntavākyavicārasahitā yukta āsīta matparaḥ [Gītā 2.61] ityādinā sūtritānekaprakārā bhagavadbhaktiniṣṭhādhyāyaṣaṭkena pratipādyate | tāvatā ca tatpadārtho'pi nirūpitaḥ | pratyadhyāyaṃ
cāvāntarasaṅgatimavāntaraprayojanabhedaṃ ca tatra tatra pradarśayiṣyāmaḥ | tatastattvaṃpadārthaikyajñānarūpā vedāvināśinaṃ nityaṃ [Gītā 2.21] ityādinā sūtritā tattvajñānaniṣṭhā trayodaśe prakṛtipuruṣavivekadvārā prapañcitā | jñānaniṣṭhāyāṃ ca phalaṃ traiguṇyaviṣayā vedā nistraiguṇyo bhavārjuna [Gītā 2.45] ityādinā sūtritā traiguṇyanivṛttiścaturdaśe saiva jīvanmuktiriti guṇātītalakṣaṇakathanena prapañcitā | tadā gantāsi nirvedaṃ [Gītā 2.52] ityādinā sūtritā paravairāgyaniṣṭhā saṃsāravṛkṣacchedadvāreṇa pañcadaśe | duḥkheṣvanudvignamanāḥ [Gītā 2.56] ityādinā sthitaprajñalakṣaṇena
sūtritā paravairāgyopakāriṇī daivī sampadādeyā yāmimāṃ puṣpitāṃ vācaṃ [Gītā 2.42] ityādinā sūtritā tadvirodhinyāsurī sampacca heyā ṣoḍaśe | daivasampado'sādhāraṇaṃ kāraṇaṃ ca sāttvikī śraddhā nirdvandvo nityasattvastho [Gītā 2.45] ityādinā sūtritā tadvirodhiparihāreṇa saptadaśe | evaṃ saphalā jñānaniṣṭhādhyāyapañcakena pratipāditā | aṣṭādaśena ca pūrvoktasarvopasaṃhāra iti kṛtsnagītārthasaṅgatiḥ |

tatra pūrvādhyāye sāṅkhyabuddhimāśritya jñānaniṣṭhā bhagavatoktā eṣā te'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhiḥ [Gītā 2.39] iti | tathā yogabuddhimāśritya karmaniṣṭhoktā yoge tvimāṃ śṛṇu ityārabhya karmaṇyevādhikāraste … mā te saṅgo'stvakarmaṇi [Gītā 2.47] ityantena | na cānayorniṣṭhayoradhikāribhedaḥ spaṣṭamupadiṣṭo bhagavatā | na caikādhikārikatvamevobhayoḥ samuccayasya vivakṣitatvāditi vācyam | dūreṇa hyavaraṃ karaṃ buddhiyogāddhanañjaya [Gītā 2.49] iti karmaniṣṭhāyā buddhiniṣṭhāpekṣayā nikṛṣṭatvābhidhānāt | yāvānartha udapāne [Gītā 2.46] ityatra ca jñānaphale sarvakarmaphalāntarbhāvasya darśitatvāt | sthitaprajñalakṣaṇam
uktvā ca eṣā brāhmī sthitiḥ pārtha [Gītā 2.72] iti sapraśaṃsaṃ jñānaphalopasaṃhārāt | yā niśā sarvabhūtānāṃ [Gītā 2.69] ityādau jñānino dvaitadarśanābhāvena karmānuṣṭhānāsambhavasya coktatvāt | avidyānivṛttilakṣaṇe mokṣaphale jñānamātrasyaiva lokānusāreṇa sādhanatvakalpanāt | tameva viditvātimṛtyumeti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate'nayanāya [ŚvetU 3.8] iti śruteśca |

nanu tarhi tejastimirayoriva virodhinorjñānakarmaṇoḥ samuccayāsambhavādbhinnādhikārikatvamevāstu | satyam | naivaṃ sambhavati ekamarjunaṃ prati tūbhayopadeśo na yuktaḥ | nahi karmādhikāriṇaṃ prati jñānaniṣṭhopadeṣṭumucitā na vā jñānādhikāriṇaṃ prati karmaniṣṭhā | ekameva prati vikalpenobhayopadeśa iti cet, na | utkṛṣṭanikṛṣṭayorvikalpānupapatteḥ | avidyānivṛttyupalakṣitātmasvarūpe mokṣe tāratamyāsambhavācca | tasmājjñānakarmaniṣṭhayorbhinnādhikārikatve ekaṃ pratyupadeśāyogādekādhikārikatve ca viruddhayoḥ samuccayāsambhavātkarmāpekṣayā jñānapraśastyānupapatteśca vikalpābhyupagame cotkṛṣṭam
anāyāsasādhyaṃ jñānaṃ vihāya nikṛṣṭamanekāyāsabahulaṃ karmānuṣṭhātumayogyamiti matvā paryākulībhūtabuddhirarjuna uvāca jyāyasī cediti |

he janārdana ! sarvairjanairardyate yācyate svābhilaṣitasiddhaya iti tvaṃ tathābhūto mayāpi śreyo'niścayārthaṃ yācyasa iti naivānucitamiti sambodhanābhiprāyaḥ | karmaṇo niṣkāmādapi buddhirātmatattvaviṣayā jyāyasī praśastatarā cedyadi te tava matā tattadā kiṃ karmaṇi ghore hiṃsādyanekāyāsabahule māmatibhaktaṃ niyojayasi karmaṇyevādhikārasta ityādinā viśeṣeṇa prerayasi | he keśava sarveśvara | sarveśvarasya sarveṣṭadāyinastava māṃ bhaktaṃ śiṣyaste'haṃ śādhi māmityādinā tvadekaśaraṇatayopasannaṃ prati pratāraṇā noicitetyabhiprāyaḥ ||1||

The Sārārthavarṣiṇī commentary by Viśvanātha

niṣkāmamarpitaṃ karma tṛtīye tu prapañcyate |
kāmakrodhajigīṣāyāṃ viveko'pi pradarśyate ||

pūrvavākyeṣu jñānayogānniṣkāmakarmayogācca nistraiguṇyaprāpakasya guṇātītabhaktiyogasya utkarṣamākalayya tatraiva svautsukyamabhivyañjan svadharme saṃgrāme pravartakaṃ bhagavantaṃ sakhyabhāvenopālabhate | jyāyasī śreṣṭhā buddhirvyavasāyātmikā guṇātītā bhaktirityarthaḥ | ghore yuddharūpe karmaṇi kiṃ niyojayasi pravartayasi | he janārdana janān svajanān svājñayā pīḍayasītyarthaḥ | na ca tavājñā kenāpi anyathā kartuṃ śakyata ityāha | he keśava ko brahmā īśo mahādevaḥ | tāvapi vayase vaśīkaroṣi ||1||

The Gītābhūṣaṇa commentary by Baladeva

tṛtīye karmaniṣkāmaṃ vistareṇopavarṇitam |
kāmādervijayopāyo durjayasyāpi darśitaḥ ||

pūrvatra kṛpāluḥ pārthasārathirajñānakardamanimagnaṃ jagatsvātmajñānopāsanopadeśena samuddidhīrṣustadaṅgabhūtāṃ jīvātmayāthātmyabuddhimupadiśya tadupāyatayā niṣkāmakamabuddhimupadiṣṭavān | ayamevārtho viniścayāya caturbhiradhyāyairvidhāntarairvarṇyate | tatra karmabuddhiniṣpādyatvājjīvātmabuddheḥ śreṣṭhaṃ sthitam | tatrārjunaḥ pṛcchati jyāyasīti | karmaṇā niṣkāmādapi cettava tatsādhyatvātjīvātmabuddhirjyāyasī śreṣṭhā matā | tarhi tatsiddhaye māṃ ghore hiṃsādyanekāyāse karmaṇi kiṃ niyojayasi tasmādyuddhasvetyādinā kathaṃ prerayasi | ātmānubhavahetubhūtā khalu sā buddhirnikhilendriyavyāpāraviratisādhyā
tadarthaṃ tatsvajātīyāḥ śamādaya eva yujyeranna tu sarvendriyavyāpārarūpāṇi tadvijātīyāni karmāṇīti bhāvaḥ | he janārdana śreyo'rthijanayācanīya, he keśava vidhirudravaśakārin |

ka iti brahmaṇo nāma īśo'haṃ sarvadehinām |
āvāṃ tavāṅgasambhūtau tasmātkeśavanāmabhāg ||

iti harivaṃśe kṛṣṇaṃ prati rudroktiḥ | durlaṅghyājñastvaṃ śreyo'rthinā mayābhyarthito mama śreyo niścitya brūhīti bhāvaḥ ||1||

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