Jati, Jātī, Jaṭin, Jāti, Jatin, Jaṭī, Jaṭi, Jāṭi: 58 definitions

Introduction:

Jati means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)

Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-śāstra

Jātī (जाती):—One of the sixty-seven Mahauṣadhi, as per Rasaśāstra texts (rasa literature). These drugs are useful for processing mercury (rasa), such as the alchemical processes known as sūta-bandhana and māraṇa.

Dietetics and Culinary Art (such as household cooking)

Source: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval India

Jatī (जती) refers to “nutmeg” and is used in the process of chewing betel (tāmbūla), as mentioned in the 17th century Bhojanakutūhala (dravyaguṇāguṇa-kathana), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—Accordingly, betel leaves (tāmbūla) are generally chewed with areca-nut and limestone powder. One who holds the betel savored in combination with [viz., jatī (nutmeg)], can stimulate his appetite and clear the bad smell of his mouth. Five niṣkas of areca-nut, two palas of betel leaf and two guñjas of limestone powder is the best proportion for betel chewing.

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botany

1) Jāti (जाति):—A Sanskrit word referring to the Jasminum grandiflorum (“Jasmine”) plant and is used throughout Ayurvedic literature such as the Caraka-saṃhitā. It is also known by the name Mālatī in Sanskrit, and in Hindi it is also known as Camelī. The plant is also known in Englsh as “Royal jasmine” (etc.). It is native to South Asia and beyond and is widely cultivated in warm temperate and subtropical regions.

2) Jatī (जती) is another name for Mallikā (Jasminum sambac “Sambac jasmine”), from the Oleaceae family of flowering plants. The term is used throughout Ayurvedic literature such as the Carakasaṃhitā.

3) Jaṭī (जटी) is a Sanskrit word referring to a kind of animal. The meat of this animal is part of the māṃsavarga (‘group of flesh’), which is used throughout Ayurvedic literature. The animal Jaṭī is part of the sub-group named Pratuda, refering to animals “who eat while striking”. It was classified by Caraka in his Carakasaṃhitā sūtrasthāna (chapter 27), a classical Ayurvedic work. Caraka defined such groups (vargas) based on the dietic properties of the substance.

Ayurveda book cover
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Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) Jaṭī (जटी).—A warrior of Subrahmaṇya. (Śalya Parva, Chapter 45, Verse 61).

2) Jāti (जाति).—See under Cāturvarṇya.

Source: archive.org: Nilamata Purana: a cultural and literary study

Jātī (जाती) refers to the lotus and represents flowers (puṣpa) once commonly used in ancient Kashmir (Kaśmīra) as mentioned in the Nīlamatapurāṇa verse 429. The lotus is also called by the names Kamala, Jalaja (verse 45), Padma, and Nīlanalina, Nīlotpala (verse 62 and 339), Irā (verse 673-675ff.) and Kunda (verse 495).

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

1) Jātī (जाती) is the name of a plant, the powders of which are used in ritualistic worship, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.1.11, while explaining the mode of worshipping Śiva:—“[...] fragrant root of the plant Uśīra and sandal-paste shall be put in the water for washing feet. Fine powders of Jātī, Kaṃkola, Karpūra, root of Vaṭa and Tamālaka should be put in the water intended for sipping. Sandal powder shall be put in all these nine vessels. Nandīśa, the divine Bull of Śiva shall be worshipped beside the lord Śiva. The latter shall be worshipped with scents, incense and different. [...]”.

Also, “[...] offerings of flowers, especially white flowers and rare flowers, shall be made to Lord Śiva. Flowers of Apāmārga, Karpūra, Jātī, Campaka, Kuśa, Pāṭala, Karavīra, Mallikā, Kamala (lotus) and Utpalas (lilies) of various sorts shall be used. When water is poured it shall be poured in a continuous stream”.

2) Jātī (जाती) is the name of a plant which is used in the worship of Śiva, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.1.14:—“[...] eleven prasthas of Jāti and Yūthikā flowers constitute a hundred thousand in number in each. Five and a half Prasthas of Rājikā flowers also constitute so many. [...] The devotee shall perform the worship of Śiva with different flowers after considering these modes of calculation for the fulfilment of desires if he has any or for the sake of salvation if he has no desire”.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Jaṭī (जटी).—A group of heretics.*

  • * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 14. 40.

1b) A name of Vighneśvara.*

  • * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 44. 70.
Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

Jaṭī (जटी) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. IX.44.56) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Jaṭī) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

Purana book cover
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The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Nyaya (school of philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Nyāya

Jāti (जाति) refers to “futility” (sophisticated refutation). It is one of the sixteen categories of discussion (padārtha) according to the doctrine of the Nyāya-sūtras by Akṣapāda. The sixteen padārthas represent a method of intellectual analysis and categorize everything that is knowable and nameable.

Source: Shodhganga: A study of Nyāya-vaiśeṣika categories

Jāti (जाति, “futility”) refers to “sophisticated refutation” and represents the fifteenth of the sixteen padārthas (“categories”) in the first chapter of Gautama’s Nyāyasūtra (2nd century CE). Jāti means unfair sentence which is stated based on false analogy. In the Nyāyasūtra, Gautama defines that it is known as jāti in which objection is founded on mere similarity or dissimilarity. As for example: one infers that sound is non-eternal as it is an effect like the pot. But other one gives an objection that sound is eternal, as it is spiritual like the sky. Here the objection is a kind of jāti, because there is no necessary relation between the spiritual and the eternal.

Nyaya book cover
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Nyaya (न्याय, nyaya) refers to a school of Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. The Nyaya philosophy is known for its theories on logic, methodology and epistemology, however, it is closely related with Vaisheshika in terms of metaphysics.

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Kavya (poetry)

Source: Shodhganga: A critical appreciation of soddhalas udayasundarikatha

Jāti (जाति).—Soḍḍhala mentions three chief Jātis or “varieties of poets”. They are:

  1. Kaukilī,
  2. Māyūrī,
  3. Mārālī.

The illustrations of the same have been given by the author himself.

Kavya book cover
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Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.

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Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra

1) Jāti (जाति, “birth”) refers to the recognized melody-types of the day according to Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 28.—The jātis relating to the overlapping notes (svarasādhāraṇa) are three in number: Madhyama, Pañcamī and Ṣaḍjamadhyā. Their constituent parts are Ṣaḍja, Madhyama and Pañcama of which the Pañcamī will be distinct, but weaker than the rest in its own note (i.e. Pañcama).

The seven jātis in the ṣaḍja-grāma are:

  1. Ṣāḍji,
  2. Ārṣabhī,
  3. Dhaivati,
  4. Naiṣādi,
  5. Ṣaḍjodīcyavatī,
  6. Ṣaḍjakaiśikī,
  7. Ṣaḍjamadhyamā.

The eleven jātis in the madhyama-grāma are:

  1. Gāndhārī,
  2. Raktagāndhārī,
  3. Gāndhārodīcyavā,
  4. Madhyamodīcyavā,
  5. Madhyama,
  6. Pāñcamī,
  7. Gāndhārapañcamī,
  8. Āndhrī,
  9. Nandayantī,
  10. Karmāravī,
  11. Kaiśikī.

Ten characteristics of the Jātis are: graha, aṃśa, tāra, mandra, nyāsa, apanyāsa, alpatva (reduction), bahutva (amplification), ṣāḍava (hexatonic treatment), and auḍavīta (pentatonic treatment).

2) Jāti (जाति) refers to a combination of the dhātus (roots), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 29. The four dhātus relate to different aspects of strokes in playing stringed instruments (tata).

There are four different jātis defined:

  1. udātta,
  2. lalita,
  3. ribhita,
  4. ghana.

3) Jāti (जाति, “class”) refers to one of the five cause of songs (dhrūva) according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 32:—“the number of syllables in the metre of a dhruvā constitute its class (jāti)”. This refers to syllabic metres.

4) Jāti (जाति) refers to a set of eighteen rules used in the playing of drums (puṣkara) [with reference to Mṛdaṅga, Paṇava and Dardura] according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 33.

The following are the eighteen jātis connected with the twenty prakāras:

  1. Śuddhā,
  2. Ekarūpā,
  3. Deśānurūpā,
  4. Deśādapetarūpā,
  5. Paryāya,
  6. Viṣkambha,
  7. Paryastā,
  8. Saṃrambhā,
  9. Pārṣṇisamastā,
  10. Duṣkarakaraṇā,
  11. Ūrdhvagoṣṭhikā,
  12. Uccitikā,
  13. Evaṃvādyā,
  14. Mṛdaṅgapaṇava,
  15. Avakīrṇā,
  16. Ardhāvakīrṇa,
  17. Saṃplavā,
  18. Vidhūta.

These are the jātis to be known by the wise for application in the walk and other movements. Those which are not mentioned here, should be taken from the people and with a view to their meaning. Prakāras and jātis apply to all mārgas. But in movements they are to be in their pure forms.

Source: Google Books: The Dictionary of Hindustani Classical Music

Jāti (जाति).—According to the Śāstras, jāti is so called owing to its being born of two Grāmas, viz., ‘ṣaḍja-grāma’ and ‘madhyama-grāma’. Compositions using varṇas (notes) and alaṃkāras have been classified under jātis.

There are seven types of śuddha or pure jātis, each taking the name of a note viz.,

  1. ṣāḍjī,
  2. ārṣabhī (from ṛṣabha),
  3. gāndhārī,
  4. madhyamā,
  5. pañcamī,
  6. dhaivatī,
  7. naiṣādī (or niṣādī).

There are various rules for pure and mixed jātis mentioned in details in the Śāstras. Barring the pure jātis mentioned above, there are about 129 mixed jātis. Indian modes were known as jātis until rāga names replaced them.

In modern use jāti means class in music, and is used to denote:

1) Quantitative class of scales, eg.,

  1. anuḍuva-jāti (pentatonic class, scales using five notes),
  2. ṣāḍava-jāti (hexatonic class, scales using six notes),
  3. sampūrṇa-jāti (heptatonic class, using all the seven notes).

2) Qualitative class of rāgas e.g.,

  1. śuddha-jāti (pure class),
  2. chāyālaga-jāti (rāga having a shadow of another rāga),
  3. saṃkīrṇa-jāti (rāga having several rāgas mixed together)
Source: archive.org: The Ragas Of Karnatic Music

Jāti (जाति).—Mataṅga says that jātis are so-called because the rāgas are born of them. (cf Mataṅga’s 9th century Bṛhaddeśī)

Source: Shodhganga: Mankhaka a sanskrit literary genius (natya)

Jāti (जाति).—The metres regulated by akṣaras are called vṛttas and those regulated by mātrās are called jātis. A vṛtta is divided into three classes viz. samavṛtta, ardhasamavṛtta, and viṣamavṛtta. Again, yati or pause or caesura is a part of a verse, at which the reader is required to stop his breath and then proceed on.

Natyashastra book cover
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Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

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Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

Source: Shodhganga: Vaiyākaraṇabhūṣaṇasāra: a critical study

Jāti (जाति).—A generic property which has been accepted by the Grammarians as one of the five denotations of nominal stems.

Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

Jāti (जाति).—Genus; class;universal;the notion of generality which is present in the several individual objects of the same kind. The biggest or widest notion of the universal or genus is सत्ता (sattā) which, according to the grammarians, exists in every object or substance, and hence, it is the denotation or denoted sense of every substantive or Pratipadika, although on many an occasion vyakti or an individual object is required for daily affairs and is actually referred to in ordinary talks. In the Mahabhasya a learned discussion is held regarding whether जाति (jāti) is the denotation or व्यक्ति (vyakti) is the denotation. The word जाति (jāti) is defined in the Mahabhasya as follows:-आकृतिग्रहणा जातिर्लिङ्गानां च न सर्वभाक् । सकृदाख्यातनि-र्गाह्या गोत्रं च चरणैः सह ॥ अपर आह । ग्रादुभीवविनाशाभ्यां सत्त्वस्य युगपद्गुणैः । असर्व-लिङ्गां बह्वर्थो तां जातिं कवयो विदुः (ākṛtigrahaṇā jātirliṅgānāṃ ca na sarvabhāk | sakṛdākhyātani-rgāhyā gotraṃ ca caraṇaiḥ saha || apara āha | grādubhīvavināśābhyāṃ sattvasya yugapadguṇaiḥ | asarva-liṅgāṃ bahvartho tāṃ jātiṃ kavayo viduḥ) M. Bh. on IV. 1.63. For details see Bhartphari's Vakyapadiya.

Vyakarana book cover
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Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

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Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)

Source: Shodhganga: a concise history of Sanskrit Chanda literature

Jāti (जाति).—The Classical metres are divided into three types viz. 1. vṛtta or varṇa, 2. mātrā or jāti 3. gadya. The metres (chandas) which are calculated through letters are called as varṇa type, and the mātrā type is calculated by syllabic instances. The gadya type of metres are not accepted by all prosodicians, but authorities like Gaṅgādāsa, Candraśekhara, Raghunātha and Gopīnātha advocate for this metre.

Chandas book cover
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Chandas (छन्दस्) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.

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Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

Jāti (जाति) refers to a “caste”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 8), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The years of Jupiter (bṛhaspati) take their names from the several Nakṣatras in which he reappears after his conjunction with the Sun; and these names are identical with the names of the lunar months. [...] In the Jyeṣṭha year of Jupiter, the chief men of every caste (jāti-śreṣṭhā), of every family (kuladhana), of every opulent class (śreṇī) and of every village as well as princes and learned men will suffer miseries; and grains excepting Kaṅgu and pod grains will suffer”.

Source: Wikibooks (hi): Sanskrit Technical Terms

Jāti (जाति).—Hereditary social and occupational group, often translated caste. Note: Jāti is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian sciences such as Astronomy, Mathematics and Geometry.

Jyotisha book cover
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Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical study (shaivism)

Jāti (जाति) (flowers) refers to one of the various leaves and flowers used in the worship of Śiva, according to the 10th century Saurapurāṇa: one of the various Upapurāṇas depicting Śaivism.—The text refers the following flowers and leaves to be offered to Lord Śiva [viz., Jāti][...]. It is stated that if a person offers these flowers to Lord Śiva, planting himself, the Lord Himself receives those flowers.

Shaivism book cover
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Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

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Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

Source: Pure Bhakti: Brhad Bhagavatamrtam

Jāti (जाति) refers to:—One’s class or social classification based on birth; community; sub-division of a varṇa. (cf. Glossary page from Śrī Bṛhad-bhāgavatāmṛta).

Vaishnavism book cover
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Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

1) Jaṭin (जटिन्) refers to “one who has matted hair” and is used to describe Śaṃkara (i.e., Bhairava), according to the second recension of the Yogakhaṇḍa of the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, as the Goddess (i.e., Khageśī) said to the God (i.e., Bhairava), “[...] Being one who has matted hair [i.e., jaṭin], shaved head, (having a) topknot, carrying a skull, smeared with ashes or wearing the five insignias—O god, (none of this) leads to accomplishment in the Kula tradition. (Even) a renouncer who does not bear the five insignias and is naked does not quickly achieve success in the western (transmission) of the House of the Yoginīs. This is forbidden and (so) all this is absent in the Kaula (teachings). O Maheśvara, as this is improper how can the Command be given to you?”.

2) Jaṭin (जटिन्) refers to “one who has dreadlocks”, according to the Ṣaṭsāhasrasaṃhitā, an expansion of the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, “Or else, (he may be an ascetic who) always lives in a cave and eats roots, wears bark clothes, keeps silence and is firm (in the observance of his ascetic’s) vow; whether he has dreadlocks [i.e., jaṭin] or shaved head, he is ever intent on the practice of chastity. He knows the reality of concentration and meditation and does not keep the company of the worldly(-minded). [...]”.

3) Jāti (जाति) refers to “one’s caste”, according to the Ṣaṭsāhasrasaṃhitā.—Accordingly, “(The true teacher is dedicated to) truthfulness, ritual purity and cleanliness, compassion, and forbearance; he unites with his wife when it is her season, not out of passion, but for a son for the benefit of (his) clan and lineage. He practices the six magical rites, bathes (regularly) and worships at the three times of day. He avoids the Śūdra and the low caste as well as (accepting food from others), whether cooked or raw. One who is endowed with such qualities is a Brahmin (vipra), not by caste [i.e., jāti] or by virtue of (his) sacred thread (and the like). These are the qualities of a (true) Brahmin. He who possesses them is a (true) teacher. Moreover, he removes error, and he reveals the meaning of the Kula scripture. Previously consecrated, (such a one) should always be made (one’s) teacher”.

Shaktism book cover
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Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)

Source: archive.org: Hindu Mathematics

1) Jāti (जाति) [?] possibly represents the number 22 (twenty-two) in the “word-numeral system” (bhūtasaṃkhyā), which was used in Sanskrit texts dealing with astronomy, mathematics, metrics, as well as in the dates of inscriptions and manuscripts in ancient Indian literature.—A system of expressing numbers by means of words arranged as in the place-value notation was developed and perfected in India in the early centuries of the Christian era. In this system the numerals [e.g., 22—jāti] are expressed by names of things, beings or concepts, which, naturally or in accordance with the teaching of the Śāstras, connote numbers.

2) Jāti (जाति) refers to the different “classes” of Bhinna (“fractions”), which refers to one of the twenty operations (logistics) of pāṭīgaṇita (“science of calculation which requires the use of writing material—the board”), according to Pṛthudakasvāmī’s commentary on the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta by Brahmagupta, a Sanskrit treatise on ancient Indian mathematics (gaṇita-śāstra) and astronomy from the 7th century.—Hindu treatises contain special rules for the reduction of classes [of numbers] (jāti) to proper fractions (bhinna). Śrīdhara and Mahāvīra each enumerate six jātis, while Brahmagupta gives only five and Bhāskara II following Skandasena reduces the number to four. The need for the division of fractions into classes arose out of the lack of proper symbolism to indicate mathematical operations. The only operational symbol used by the Hindus was a dot for the negative sign.

The Hindu mathematicians divide combinations of fractions (bhinna) into four classes:

  1. Bhāga,
  2. Prabhāga,
  3. Bhāgānubandha,
  4. Bhāgāpavāha.

Besides the above four forms, Śrīdhara, Mahāvīra and some others give two more:

  1. Bhāgabhāga,
  2. Bhāgamātṛ.
Ganitashastra book cover
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Ganitashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, gaṇitaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.

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Gitashastra (science of music)

Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (gita)

Jāti (जाति) refers to a “proper combination of two grāmas” (in Indian music), according to the Kallinātha’s commentary Kalānidhi on the Saṃgītaratnākara.—The term jāti is explained in plural number as jātis. So it can be assumed that this name is applied as this comprised a proper combination of two grāmas. In the Nāṭyaśāstra, jātis are broadly divided into two types viz., śuddhā and vikṛtā. The Saṃgītaratnākara also agrees on it. But in the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, the reference about the types of jātis is not found.

The Saṃgītaratnākara accepts thirteen kinds of characteristic features of jātis (the first ten kinds are accepted by the Nāṭyaśāstra).—

  1. graha,
  2. aṃśa,
  3. tāra,
  4. mandra,
  5. nyāsa,
  6. apanyāsa,
  7. alpatva,
  8. bahutva,
  9. ṣāḍava and
  10. auḍava.
  11. sanyāsa,
  12. vinyāsa and
  13. antaramārga.

In this context the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa seems to follow the Nāṭyaśāstra as this work accepts ten kinds of characteristics features of jātis with similar titles

context information

Gitashastra (गीतशास्त्र, gītaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of Music (gita or samgita), which is traditionally divided in Vocal music, Instrumental music and Dance (under the jurisdiction of music). The different elements and technical terms are explained in a wide range of (often Sanskrit) literature.

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Yoga (school of philosophy)

Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

Jāti (जाति) refers to “one’s caste”, according to the Sarvajñānottara verse 20.34-39.—Accordingly, while discussing the culmination of detachment (for the process of attaining the no-mind state): “Having abandoned those feelings connected with his region, caste (jāti), his caste-class and religious disciplines, the wise should meditate on his own [inner] state. Abandoning all such feelings as ‘this is [my] mantra’, ‘this is [my] deity’, ‘this is [my] meditation’ [or] ‘this is [my] austerity’, he should meditate on his own [inner] state. [...]”.

Yoga book cover
context information

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

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General definition (in Hinduism)

Source: India Facts: Exploring the World of Varna

Jāti (जाति, ”category”):—While varṇa seems to have come from occupation, culture, and aptitude, jāti seems to emphasize on birth, family reputation, (family) profession, and economic status. Varṇa takes into account the worth of the individual and constructs a social system for the division of labour.

Further, varṇa emphasizes the prescribed duties for the community. Jāti, on the other hand, takes into account the history of the family and cares little for the prescribed duties. It is more concerned with rights and privileges. It is noteworthy that the term jāti in the sense of social classification hardly ever occurs in the Vedas. Interestingly, the Bhaviṣya-purāṇa uses the word jāti to denote ‘species.’

In Buddhism

Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Dhamma Dana: Pali English Glossary

F (Rebirth). The fact to take rebirth.

Source: Journey to Nibbana: Patthana Dhama

Jati or jata means arising or coming up.

Source: Dhamma Study: Cetasikas

(literally birth or nature) Cittas can be classified in many ways and one of these is the classification by way of "jati". Cittas can be of the following four jatis:

  1. akusala
  2. kusala
  3. vipaka (result )
  4. kiriya (inoperative, neither cause nor result)
Source: Pali Kanon: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines

'birth', comprises the entire embryonic process beginning with conception and ending with parturition.

"The birth of beings belonging to this or that order of beings, their being born, their conception (okkanti) and springing into existence, the manifestation of the groups (corporeality, feeling, perception, mental formations, consciousness; s. khandha), the acquiring of their sensitive organs: this is called birth" (D. 22). For its conditioning by the prenatal karma-process (kamma-bhava; s. bhava), s. paticcasamuppāda (9, 10), patisandhi.

context information

Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

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Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

Jāti (जाति, “birth”) refers to the eleventh of twelve pratītyasamutpāda (dependent origination) according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter X. As a consequence of this bhava, one reassumes the five aggregates (skandha) of the new lifetime (punarbhava). This is called jāti, birth. The decay of the five skandhas coming from this jāti is called jarāmaraṇa, old-age-and-death. Jarāmaraṇa gives rise to dissatisfaction (daurmanasya), sorrow (parideva) and all kinds of worries (śoka); and thus the mass of suffering accumulates.

Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā

Jāti (जाति) refers to “birth”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[...] Then, the bodhisatva, the great being, Gaganagañja addressed himself to the Lord: [...] (27) [How do the Bodhisattvas] purify their own realm (svaviṣaya) after having obtained the realm of the Buddha? (28) [How do the Bodhisattvas] obtain memory without forgetfulness? (29) [How are the Bodhisattvas] always supported by the presence of the Buddha and thus having unhindered eloquence? (30) [How do the Bodhisattvas] attain the mastery of the arising of birth and death (jāticyuti)? [...]’”.

Mahayana book cover
context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

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Buddhist philosophy

Source: Google Books: A History of Indian Logic (Buddhist Philosophy)

Jāti (जाति) refers to the “analogue” (i.e., far-fetched analogy) (in debate), according to Upāyakauśalyahṛdaya, an ancient work on the art of debate composed by Bodhisattva Nāgārjuna.—In Chinese this work is called Fan-pien-sin-lun. It was translated into Chinese by Ci-cia-ye and Than-yao in A.D. 472.—Chapter 4 deals with the analogue or far-fetched analogy (jāti).

Note: The “analogue” or far-fetched analogy is of various kinds as follows:—

  1. balancing an excess (utkarṣa-samā),
  2. balancing a deficit (apakarṣa-samā),
  3. balancing the unquestionable (avarṇya-samā),
  4. balancing the non-reason (ahetu-samā),
  5. balancing the co-presence (prāpti-samā),
  6. balancing the mutual absence (aprāpti-samā),
  7. balancing the doubt (saṃśaya-samā) and
  8. balancing the counter-example (pratidṛṣṭānta-samā).
context information

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General definition (in Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgraha

Jāti (जाति, “birth”) refers to one of the thirteen “conditions” (saṃskāra) that are “unassociated with mind” (citta-viprayukta) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 30). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., jāti). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.

Jāti also refers to the eleventh of the “twelve factors of conditional origination” (pratītyasamutpāda) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 42).

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: Jaina Yoga

Jāti (जाति, “caste”) as in jāti-mada refers to “pride of caste” and represents one of the eight forms of vainglory (mada), according to Samantabhadra in his Ratna-Karaṇḍa-śrāvakācāra (with commentary of Prabhācandra). These eight madas are included in the twenty-five blemishes (dṛg-doṣas), which are generally held to be the eight madas, the three mūḍhatās, the six anāyatanas, and the eight doṣas.

Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 8: Bondage of karmas

Jāti (जाति, “genus”) refers to “class body-making karma” and represents one of the various kinds of Nāma, or “physique-making (karmas)”, which represents one of the eight types of Prakṛti-bandha (species bondage): one of the four kinds of bondage (bandha) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra chapter 8. What is meant by the class (jāti) body-making karma? The karmas rise of which produces birth in a grouping of similar / alike beings (called jāti) without deviating from the particular realm is called class body-making karma. 

How many sub types of class (jāti) body-making (nāma) karmas are there? These karmas are of five types, namely:

  1. one sensed living beings (ekendriya),
  2. two sensed living beings (dvīndriya),
  3. three sensed living beings (trīndriya),
  4. four sensed living beings (caturindriya),
  5. five sensed living beings (pañcendriya).
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

Jāti (जाति) refers to “production”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “A corporeal [soul] becomes pure like gold immediately karma, whose existence is without a beginning [com.—whose production is for a period of time without a beginning (anādikālajātim)] and which is completely consumed by the fire of meditation, is destroyed”.

Synonyms: Janman, Saṃbhava, Sūti, Bhava.

General definition book cover
context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

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India history and geography

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Jāti.—(IE 7-1-2), ‘twentytwo’. Note: jāti is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

Source: Shodhganga: Vernacular architecture of Assam with special reference to Brahmaputra Valley

Jati-bah is an Assamese term referring to a variety of bamboo (i.e., Bambusa tulda).—It appears in the study dealing with the vernacular architecture (local building construction) of Assam whose rich tradition is backed by the numerous communities and traditional cultures.

India history book cover
context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

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Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and Drugs

Jati [जाती] in the Marathi language is the name of a plant identified with Cosmostigma racemosum from the Apocynaceae (Oleander) family having the following synonyms: Asclepias racemosa. For the possible medicinal usage of jati, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.

Jati [जाति] in the Hindi language is the name of a plant identified with Jasminum grandiflorum L. from the Oleaceae (Jasmine) family having the following synonyms: Jasminum officinale var. grandiflorum.

Jati [जटी] in the Sanskrit language is the name of a plant identified with Ficus virens from the Moraceae (Mulberry) family having the following synonyms: Ficus infectoria.

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

1) Jati in India is the name of a plant defined with Aganosma caryophyllata in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Echites blumei Voigt (among others).

2) Jati is also identified with Aganosma dichotoma It has the synonym Echites dichotomus Roth.

3) Jati is also identified with Ficus infectoria.

4) Jati is also identified with Ficus lacor.

5) Jati is also identified with Ficus maxima It has the synonym Pharmacosycea glaucescens Liebm. (etc.).

6) Jati is also identified with Jasminum arborescens It has the synonym Jasminum arborescens Bojer (etc.).

7) Jati is also identified with Jasminum auriculatum.

8) Jati is also identified with Jasminum grandiflorum It has the synonym Jasminum officinale var. grandiflorum (L.) Stokes (etc.).

9) Jati is also identified with Jasminum officinale It has the synonym Jasminum officinale f. affine (Royle ex Lindl.) Rehder (etc.).

10) Jati is also identified with Lepidium sativum It has the synonym Crucifera nasturtium E.H.L. Krause (etc.).

11) Jati is also identified with Tectona grandis It has the synonym Jatus grandis (L.f.) Kuntze (etc.).

12) Jati is also identified with Ziziphus jujuba It has the synonym Ziziphus sativa Gaertner (etc.).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Chromosoma (1977)
· Taxon
· Prodromus Stirpium in Horto ad Chapel Allerton vigentium (1796)
· Taxon (1982)
· Hortus Bengalensis, or ‘a Catalogue of the Plants Growing in the Hounourable East India Company's Botanical Garden at Calcutta’ (1814)
· Flora Hongkongensis (1861)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Jati, for example pregnancy safety, side effects, chemical composition, health benefits, extract dosage, diet and recipes, have a look at these references.

Biology book cover
context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

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Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

jāti : (f.) birth; rebirth; race; nation; genealogy; a sort of; a kind of.

Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

1) Jāti, (f.) (see janati & cp. Gr. geneά, gέnesis; Lat. gens; Goth. kind-ins).—Instr. jātiyā (Sn. 423) & jaccā (D. II, 8; J. III, 395; Dh. 393); Abl. jātiyā (S. I, 88) & jātito (by descent: D. II, 8); Loc. jātiyaṃ (PvA. 10) & jātiyā (PvA. 78).—1. birth, rebirth, possibility of rebirth, “future life” as disposition to be born again, “former life” as cause of this life. Defined (cp. the corresp. explanation of jarā) as: yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattanaṃ tamhi tamhi satta-nikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyataṇānaṃ paṭilābho D. II, 305 =S. II, 3=Nd2 257.—Jāti is a condition precedent of age, sickness & death, and is fraught with sorrow, pain & disappointment. It is itself the final outcome of a kamma, resting on avijjā, performed in anterior births; & forms thus the concluding link in the chain of the Paṭicca-samuppāda. Under the first aspect it is enumerated in various formulæ, either in full or abbreviated (see Nd2 258), viz, (a) as (1) jāti, (2) jarā, (3) vyādhi, (4) maraṇa, (5) sokaparidevadukkhadomanass’upāyāsa in the dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ (the noble truth of what is misfortune) Vin. I, 10; A. I, 176; III, 416; °dhamma destined to be born, etc. M. I, 161 sq. , 173;— A. V, 216; Nd2 258, 304, 630, etc., in var. connections (referring to some dukkha).—(b) as Nos. 1—4: Nd2 254, 494b; J. I, 168, etc.—(c) as Nos. 1, 2, 4 (the standard quotation, implying the whole series 1—5): S. V, 224; A. V, 144; jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ Vin. I, 1; D. II, 31, 57, etc.; °ika A. II, 11, 173; °īya M. I, 280; Nd2 40.—(d) to this is sometimes added (as summing up) saṃsāra: Nd2 282f; cp. kicchaṃ loko āpanno jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati ca uppajjati ca D. II, 30.—(e) as Nos. 1+4: pahīna-jātimaraṇa (adj.) (=free from life & death, i.e. saṃsāra) A. I, 162; °bhayassa pāraga A. II, 15; °kovida Sn. 484; atāri °ṃ asesaṃ Sn. 355 (cp. 500); °assa pāraga Sn. 32.—(f)=e+saṃsāra (cp. d): sattā gacchanti saṃsāraṃ jātimaraṇagāmino A. II, 12=52; jātimaraṇasaṃsāraṃ ye vajanti punappunaṃ ... avijjāy’eva sā gati Sn. 729.—(g) as Nos. 1+2, which implies the whole series: atāri so jātijaraṃ A. I, 133= Sn. 1048; jātijar’upaga Sn. 725=It. 106; saṃyojanaṃ jātijarāya chetvā It. 42;— Sn. 1052, 1060; Dh. 238, 348; cp. jāti ādinā nihīna PvA. 198.—Other phrases & applications: Various rebirths are seen by one who has perfect insight into all happening & remembers his former existences (D. I, 81; III, 50; A. I, 164; M. II, 20). Arahantship implies the impossibility of a future rebirth: see formula khīṇā jāti (M. I, 139; Sn. p. 16, etc.) and arahant II. A: jātiyā parimuccati S. I, 88; jātiṃ bhabbo pahātuṃ A. V, 144 sq.—antimā jāti the last rebirth D. II, 15 (cp. carima); purimā j. a former existence PvA. 1; atītajātiyaṃ in a former life (=pure) PvA. 10. On jāti as dukkha see Vism. 498—501. ‹-› 2. descent, race, rank, genealogy (cp. fuή, genus), often combined w. gotta. Two grades of descent are enumerated at Vin. IV, 6 as hīnā jāti (low birth), consisting of Candāḷa, Veṇa, Nesāda, Rathakāra & Pukkusa; and ukkaṭṭhā j. (superior birth), comprising Khattiyas & Brāhmaṇas.—The var. meanings of jāti are given by Bdhgh at Vism. 498, 499 in the foll. classification (with examples) bhava, nikāya, saṅkhata-lakkhaṇa, paṭisandhi, pasūti, kula, ariya-sīla.—Kiṃ hi jāti karissati? What difference makes his parentage? D. I, 121; jāti-rājāno kings of birth, genuine kings J. I, 338; na naṃ jāti nivāresi brahmalok’ûpapattiyā Sn. 139; jātiṃ akkhāhi tell me the rank of his father & mother Sn. 421, 1004; cp. 462; na jaccā vasalo hoti Sn. 136; 142; id. w. brāhmaṇo Sn. 650; with nāma & gotta in the description of a man jātiyā nāmena gottena, etc. Vin. IV, 6; jātito nāmato gottato by descent, personal & family name D ii. 8; cp. jāti - gotta - kula J ii. 3. See also j.—vāda.—3. a sort of, kind of (cp. jāta 3): catujātigandha four kinds of scent J. I, 265; II, 291. ‹-› 4. (jāti°) by (mere) birth or nature, natural (opp. artificial); or genuine, pure, excellent (opp. adulterated, inferior), cp. jāta 1 (b): in cpds. , like °maṇi, °vīṇā, etc.

2) Jaṭin, one who wears a jaṭā, an ascetic Sn. 689; f. —inī J. VI, 555. (Page 277)

Pali book cover
context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

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Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

jatī (जती).—m (yati S) A religious mendicant of one jaina sect.

--- OR ---

jāti (जाति).—f (S) Kind, sort, species, class. 2 Lineage, race, family, tribe. 3 In arithmetic. Assimilation.

--- OR ---

jātī (जाती).—f S Jessamine,--the plant or its flower.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

jatī (जती).—m A religious mendicant of the jaita sect.

--- OR ---

jāti (जाति).—f Kind, sort, species, class. Line- age, race.

--- OR ---

jātī (जाती).—

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Jaṭi (जटि) or Jaṭī (जटी).—f. [jaṭ-in]

1) The (Indian) fig-tree.

2) Clotted hair.

3) An assemblage, multitude.

Derivable forms: jaṭiḥ (जटिः).

--- OR ---

Jāti (जाति).—f. [jan-ktin]

1) Birth, production, सङ्कुलं जलजातिभिः (saṅkulaṃ jalajātibhiḥ) Rām.3.11.6; Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1.38; Manusmṛti 2.148; also 'the time of birth'; cf. जातौ बाल्ये च कौमारे यौवने चापि मानवाः (jātau bālye ca kaumāre yauvane cāpi mānavāḥ) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.158.11.

2) The form of existence fixed by birth.

3) Race, family, lineage, rank.

4) A caste, tribe or class (of men); अरे मूढ जात्या चेदवध्योऽहं एषा सा जातिः परित्यक्ता (are mūḍha jātyā cedavadhyo'haṃ eṣā sā jātiḥ parityaktā) Ve.3; (the primary castes of the Hindus are only four :-brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya and śūdra).

5) A class, genus, kind, species; पशुजातिः, पुष्पजातिः (paśujātiḥ, puṣpajātiḥ) &c.

6) The properties which are peculiar to a class and distinguish it from all others, the essential characteristics of a species; as गोत्व, अश्वत्व (gotva, aśvatva) of cows, horses &c; see गुण, क्रिया (guṇa, kriyā) and द्रव्य (dravya); जातिक्रियागुणैः (jātikriyāguṇaiḥ) Śiśupālavadha 2.47; and cf. K. P.2.

7) A fire-place.

8) Nutmeg.

9) The Jasmine plant or its flower; नागपुन्नागजातिभिः (nāgapunnāgajātibhiḥ) Bhāgavata 8.2.18; पुष्पाणां प्रकरः स्मितेन रचितो नो कुन्दजात्यादिभिः (puṣpāṇāṃ prakaraḥ smitena racito no kundajātyādibhiḥ) Amaruśataka 4 (written also as jātī in the last two senses).

1) (In Nyāya) Futile answer.

11) (In music) The seven primary notes of the Indian gamut; जातिभिः सप्तभिर्युक्तं तन्त्रीलयसमन्वितम् (jātibhiḥ saptabhiryuktaṃ tantrīlayasamanvitam) Rām.1.4.8.

12) Reduction of fractions to a common denominator.

13) False generalization.

14) A figure of speech (in rhetoric) which consists in so arranging words that they may read the same in Sanskṛt as well as in Prākṛta (saṃskṛtaprākṛtayoḥ samā jātiḥ); cf. Vb.1.3.

15) A class of metres; see App.

Derivable forms: jātiḥ (जातिः).

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Jātī (जाती).—The jasmine plant (mālatī).

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Jaṭin (जटिन्).—(- f.) a. [jaṭā astyasya ini] Having twisted hair. -m.

1) An epithet of Śiva.

2) The waved-leaf fig-tree (plakṣa)

3) An elephant sixty years old.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Jāti (जाति).—(1) as in Sanskrit, kind, sort, but with forms of nt. gender: tāni sarvāṇi prāṇaka-jātīni Mahāvastu ii.95.10 (prose), all those kinds of living beings; (prāṇakajātīyo 14, but then, in same sentence) tāni sthalacarāṇi prāṇakajātīni (v.l. °tāni) 15; compare, in ii.132.17, ekaṃ (so mss.) pi jātiṃ duve pi jātiṃ (mss.) trayo pi jātiṃ (mss.), etc.; (2) f., age (compare -jātīya): daharo 'ham asmi…jātyā Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 318.2 (prose), I am young in age (lit., perhaps, by birth); (3) (as in Pali, e.g. jāti-vīṇā Jātaka (Pali) ii.249.24, noble lute; and like Sanskrit kula-) at beginning of [compound], characterized by nobility; noble, excellent: jāty-utpalātimuktaiś ca Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 342.8 (verse), with excellent water-lilies and atimukta-flowers (Burnouf and Kern translation(s) have different readings for the last word).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Jaṭi (जटि).—f.

(-ṭiḥ) 1. Waved-leaf fig tree, (F. venosa:) see jaṭin. 2. Assemblage, multitude. 3. Clotted hair: see jaṭā. E. jaṭ to collect, affix in.

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Jaṭī (जटी).—f. (-ṭī) Waved-leaf fig tree: see jaṭi. E. jaṭ to entangle, i Unadi affix, and ṅīṣ added.

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Jāti (जाति).—f.

(-tiḥ) 1. Kind, sort, species, class, tribe. 2. Birth, production. 3. Lineage, race, family. 4. A fire-place, a chimney. 5. Emblic myrobalan, (Phyllanthus emblica.) 6. A plant: see kāmpilla. 7. A kind of poetical metre. 8. A rhetorical ornament. 9. (In Arithmetic,) Assimilation, as viśeṣajāti assimilation of the difference, śeṣajāti of the remainder. 10. Proximate cause or occurance of disease, &c. f. (-tiḥ or -tī) 1. Great flowered jasmin, (J. grandiflorum.) 2. Mace, nutmeg. f.

(-tiḥ) The flower of the jasmin. E. jan to be born, affix ktin and occasionally ṅīṣa added.

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Jaṭin (जटिन्).—mfn. (-ṭī-ṭinī-ṭi) Having clotted hair, m. (-ṭī) Waved-leaf fig tree: see jaṭi. E. jaṭā as above, and ini aff.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Jāti (जाति).—i. e. jan + ti, f. 1. Birth, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 2, 148. 2. Existence, life, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 4, 148. 3. State, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 3, 15. 4. Tribe, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 1, 118. 5. Kind, genus, Mahābhārata 4, 45; [Pañcatantra] 203, 3. 6. Species, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 1, 48. 7. Also jātī jātī, Great flowered jasmine, [Harivaṃśa, (ed. Calc.)] 7891. jātī jātī, also The nutmeg-tree, [Suśruta] 1, 132, 20; nutmeg.

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Jātī (जाती).—see jāti 7.

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Jaṭin (जटिन्).—i. e. jaṭā + in, adj. Wearing matted hair, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 11, 92.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Jāti (जाति).—(jātī) [feminine] birth, origin, new birth, form of existence, position, rank, caste, family, race, kind, sort, genus, genuine or true state of anything; a kind of jasmine. °—, jātyā & jātitas by birth or nature, from the beginning.

2) Jaṭin (जटिन्).—[adjective] the same; [masculine] an ascetic or Śiva.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Jaṭī (जटी):—[from jaṭa] f. Nardostachys Jaṭāmāṃsī, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

2) [v.s. ...] (= ṭi) the waved-leaf fig-tree, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

3) [v.s. ...] cf. tri-, mahā-, vi-

4) [v.s. ...] kṛṣṇa-jaṭā

5) Jaṭi (जटि):—[from jaṭa] f. twisted hair, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) [v.s. ...] a mass, multitude, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) [v.s. ...] Ficus infectoria, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) Jāti (जाति):—[from jāta] f. birth, production, [Aitareya-brāhmaṇa ii, 39; Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] (also , [xiii f.]) etc.

9) [v.s. ...] re-birth, [Rāmāyaṇa i, 62, 17; Kāraṇḍa-vyūha xxiii, 193]

10) [v.s. ...] the form of existence (as man, animal, etc.) fixed by birth, [Manu-smṛti iv, 148 f.; Yoga-sūtra ii, 13]

11) [v.s. ...] (ifc.), [Kathāsaritsāgara xviii, 98]

12) [v.s. ...] position assigned by birth, rank, caste, family, race, lineage, [Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra xv; Manu-smṛti; Yājñavalkya] etc. (, [Mahābhārata xiv, 2549])

13) [v.s. ...] kind, genus (opposed to species), species (opposed to individual), class, [Lāṭyāyana; Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Pāṇini] etc., (once ifc. [Mahābhārata vi, 456])

14) [v.s. ...] the generic properties (opposed to the specific ones), [Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]

15) [v.s. ...] natural disposition to, [Caraka ii, 1]

16) [v.s. ...] the character of a species, genuine or true state of anything, [Yājñavalkya ii, 246; Mahābhārata xii, 5334]

17) [v.s. ...] reduction of fractions to a common denominator

18) [v.s. ...] a self-confuting reply (founded merely on similarity or dissimilarity), [Nyāya v, 1 ff.; Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha xi, 10 and 34; Prabodha-candrodaya [Scholiast or Commentator]]

19) [v.s. ...] (in [rhetoric]) a particular figure of speech, [Sarasvatī-kaṇṭhābharaṇa, by Bhoja ii, 1]

20) [v.s. ...] a class of metres, [Rāmāyaṇa i, 4, 6; Kāvyādarśa i, 11]

21) [v.s. ...] a manner of singing, [Harivaṃśa]

22) [v.s. ...] a fire-place, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

23) [v.s. ...] (= ) mace, nutmeg, [Suśruta]

24) [v.s. ...] Jasminum grandiflorum, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

25) [v.s. ...] = tī-phalā, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

26) [v.s. ...] = kampilla, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] cf. antya-, eka-, dvi- -

27) [v.s. ...] cf. [Latin] gens; [Lithuanian] pri-gentis

28) Jātī (जाती):—[from jāta] f. = ti q.v.

29) [v.s. ...] Jasminum grandiflorum, [Harivaṃśa 7891; Bhartṛhari; Bhāgavata-purāṇa x; Amaru-śataka]

30) [v.s. ...] mace, nutmeg, [Suśruta; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]

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1) Jaṭin (जटिन्):—[from jaṭa] mfn. = tā-dhārin, [Manu-smṛti xi, 93 and 129; Yājñavalkya; Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa]

2) [v.s. ...] m. an ascetic, [Bharaṭaka-dvātriṃśikā]

3) [v.s. ...] Śiva, [Mahābhārata vii, 2046 and 2858]

4) [v.s. ...] Name of one of Skanda’s attendants, ix, 2563

5) [v.s. ...] a Pratuda bird, [Caraka i, 27, 56]

6) [v.s. ...] an elephant 6o years old, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) [v.s. ...] Ficus infectoria, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Jaṭi (जटि):—(ṭiḥ) 2. f. Waved-leaf fig-tree; clotted hair; assemblage.

2) Jaṭī (जटी):—(ṭī) 3. f. Waved-leaf fig-tree.

3) Jāti (जाति):—(tiḥ) 2. f. Birth; race; kind; caste; fire-place; myrobalan; jasmin; a poetical metre. m. f. (tiḥ-tī) Great jasmin; nutmeg.

4) Jātī (जाती):—(tī) 3. f. Great jasmin.

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Jaṭin (जटिन्):—(ṭī) 5. m. Idem; having clotted hair, an ascetic.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Jaṭin (जटिन्) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Jaḍi, Jaḍilla.

[Sanskrit to German]

Jati in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

1) Jāti (जाति):—(nf) caste; community; race; sect; genus; type; kind; breed; ~[gata] racial; communal, sectarian; ~[cyuta] expelled from the community; ~[tattva] ethnological content; •[vijñāna] ethnology; ~[dharma] generic property; caste-characteristic; conduct peculiar to a caste/community; -[pāṃti] caste and community; -[bahiṣkāra] ex-communication; -[bahiṣkṛta] ex-communicated; -[bhraṣṭa] fallen from one’s caste/community; ~[vācaka] ([saṃjñā]) common (noun); ~[vāda] casteism, racism/racialism; communalism; ~[vijñāna] ethnology; ethnography; raciology; ~[hīna] belonging to a low-caste; —[se nikālanā] to excommunicate.

2) Jātī (जाती):—(a) personal, individual; —[taura para] personally, personally speaking.

context information

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Jaṭi (ಜಟಿ):—[noun] a woman with long, matted (or braided) hair.

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Jaṭi (ಜಟಿ):—

1) [noun] a man with long, matted (or braided) hair.

2) [noun] a religious ascetic leading a life of contemplation and rigorous self-denial.

3) [noun] Śiva.

4) [noun] any of the fig trees the branches of which take root, as banyan tree.

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Jaṭi (ಜಟಿ):—[noun] the ghost of a person who was killed in a war.

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Jati (ಜತಿ):—

1) [noun] a man leading ascetic life in an attempt to find the philosophic truth behind the universe; an ascetic.

2) [noun] (mus.) a short break at a particular place in the course of singing or playing a musical composition; a pause.

3) [noun] a harmonious and rhythmical musical composition, chiefly made of musical notes, used in dance.

4) [noun] (pros.) a break or suspension, as a caesura, in a line of verse; a pause.

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Jati (ಜತಿ):—[noun] a medicinal plant .

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Jāti (ಜಾತಿ):—

1) [noun] the act or fact of coming into life or of being born; birth.

2) [noun] the family of one’s birth.

3) [noun] any of the distinct, hereditary Hindu social classes, each having its own privileges and limitations, and each traditionally, but no longer officially, excluded from social dealings with the others; a caste.

4) [noun] any of the different populations of human beings distinguished by physical traits such as hair, eyes, skin colour, body shape, etc.

5) [noun] a number of people or things grouped together because of certain likenesses or common traits; a class.

6) [noun] inborn character; innate disposition; inherent tendencies of a person.

7) [noun] superior quality or breed.

8) [noun] likeness; similarity.

9) [noun] the hard, aromatic seed of the tree Myristica fragrans of Myristiaceae family, used as a spice; nutmeg.

10) [noun] the creeper Jasminum grandiflorum (= j. officinale) of Oleaceae family.

11) [noun] its white, fragrant flower.

12) [noun] the small tree Phyllanthus emblica of Euphorbiaceae family.

13) [noun] the tree Cordia dichotoma (= C. myxa) of Boraginaceae family.

14) [noun] a fire-wood oven.

15) [noun] (log.) a reply or answer that serves no purpose; a useless answer.

16) [noun] (mus.) the set of seven notes.

17) [noun] (rhet.) a particular kind of figure of speech.

18) [noun] a symbol for the number eighteen.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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