Bhaya, Bhayā: 51 definitions
Introduction:
Bhaya means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Bhay.
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In Hinduism
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Bhaya (भय) is a Sanskrit technical term, used in jurisdiction, referring to “fear”. It is mentioned as one of the causes for giving false evidence. The word is used throughout Dharmaśāstra literature such as the Manusmṛti. (See the Manubhāṣya 8.120)
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
1) Bhaya (भय, “fear”).—One of the eight ‘permanent states’ (sthāyibhāva), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 7.31. These ‘permanent states’ are called ‘the source of delight’ and are not interfered with by other States. The term is used throughout nāṭyaśāstra literature. (Also see the Daśarūpa 4.43-44)
2) Bhaya (भय, “terror”) refers to one of the twenty-one sandhyantara, or “distinct characteristics of segments (sandhi)” according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 21. The segments are divisions of the plot (itivṛtta or vastu) of a dramatic play (nāṭaka) and consist of sixty-four limbs, known collectively as the sandhyaṅga.
Bhaya (भय, “fear”) relates to women and persons of the inferior type. It is caused by determinants (vibhāva) such as acts offending one’s superiors and the king, roaming in a forest, seeing an elephant and a snake, staying in an empty house, rebuke [from one’s superiors], a dark rainy night, hearing the hooting of owls and the cry of animals that go out at night, and the like. It is to be represented on the stage by consequents (anubhāva) such as, trembling hands and feet, palpitation of the heart, paralysis, dryness of the mouth, licking the lips, perspiration, tremor, apprehension [of danger], seeking safety, running away, loud crying and the like.
Bhaya (भय) or “fear” is the sthāyībhāva (“durable psychological state”) associated with Bhayānaka or the “terrible sentiment”, which represents one of the nine kinds of Rasa (“soul of Drama”), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—According to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa bhayānaka is the sentiment of fear which arises from the commitment of a self committing offence. Bhaya i.e., fear is the sthāyibhāva of bhayānakarasa. Kṛṣṇa i.e black is the colour and Kāladeva is the God of this sentiment.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Bhaya (भय) refers to “fear” and represents a type of Ādhyātmika pain of the mental (mānasa) type, according to the Viṣṇu-purāṇa 6.5.1-6. Accordingly, “the wise man having investigated the three kinds of worldly pain, or mental and bodily affliction and the like, and having acquired true wisdom, and detachment from human objects, obtains final dissolution.”
Ādhyātmika and its subdivisions (e.g., bhaya) represents one of the three types of worldly pain (the other two being ādhibhautika and ādhidaivika) and correspond to three kinds of affliction described in the Sāṃkhyakārikā.
The Viṣṇupurāṇa is one of the eighteen Mahāpurāṇas which, according to tradition was composed of over 23,000 metrical verses dating from at least the 1st-millennium BCE. There are six chapters (aṃśas) containing typical puranic literature but the contents primarily revolve around Viṣṇu and his avatars.
1) Bhayā (भया).—A demoness, sister of Kāla who presides over the land of death. She was married to Heti, son of Brahmā and brother of Praheti. Vidyutkeśa was their son and he married Sālakaṇṭakā, daughter of Sandhyā. (Uttara Rāmāyaṇa).
2) Bhaya (भय).—Hiṃsā is the wife of Adharma. They got a son named Anṛta and a daughter named Nikṛti. From them were born Bhaya, Naraka, Māyā and Vedanā. Of these Māyā produced Mṛtyu, destroyer of matter. Vedanā got of her husband Raurava son named Duḥkha. From Mṛtyu were born Vyādhi, Jarā, Śoka, Tṛṣṇā and Krodha. (Chapter 20, Agni Purāṇa). Another version about the birth of Bhaya is found in Śloka 54, Chapter 66 of Ādi Parva, Mahābhārata Adharma married Nirṛtī and to them were born Bhaya, Mahābhaya and Mṛtyu, three sons of demoniac disposition. These three sons led a sinful life.
Bhaya (भय) refers to “fear”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.35. Accordingly, as Viṣṇu said to Dakṣa:—“[...] poverty, death and fear (bhaya), these three take place when people worthy of worship are not worshipped and when undeserving people are honoured. Hence with all efforts, the bull-bannered deity shall be respected and revered. A great terror has befallen us because lord Śiva has been dishonoured here”.
Bhaya (भय) refers to the “panics” (viz., of a forest-dweller), according to the Rāmāyaṇa chapter 2.28. Accordingly:—“[...] soothening with kind words to Sītā, when eyes were blemished with tears, the virtuous Rāma spoke again as follows, for the purpose of waking her turn back: ‘[...] An inhabitant living in a forest has to face various bodily troubles and panics (bhaya). Hence, forest- life is really a misery’”.
1a) Bhaya (भय).—A son of Kali and Duruktī.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IV. 8. 4.
1b) Lord of the Yavanas: adopted the daughter of Kāla as his sister; his brother was Prajvāra;1 when attacking the city of Purañjana he captured Purañjana himself;2 allegorically death; the Yavanas represent mental worries.3
1c) A son of Droṇa, a Vasu.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa VI. 6. 11.
1d) A son of Nikṛti.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 9. 64; Vāyu-purāṇa 10. 39.
1e) A son of Tāmasa Manu.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 62. 43.
2) Bhayā (भया).—A Kalā of Rudra.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 35. 96.
Bhaya (भय) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.60.53) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Bhaya) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Bhaya (भय) refers to the “fright” (of an elephant), according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 2, “on favorable marks”]: “13. Their cry that is produced from the tongue root (soft palate) shall be called ‘frothy’; that produced from the lip and the (hard) palate is ‘boated’ (?); that produced in the throat is their ‘roar’, that produced in the cheeks and trunk, their ‘laughter’. All these are auspicious. The sounds of elephants that are due to hunger, thirst, grief, and fright (bhaya) are declared to be very inauspicious.
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Bhaya (भय):—[bhayaḥ] Fear
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Bhaya (भय) refers to “fear”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 4), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If the two horns of the moon should appear but slightly raised and far from each other presenting the appearance of a boat, she brings trouble on the sailors but prosperity on mankind at large. [...] If the horns should together appear like a circle then the provincial rulers will have to quit their places. If the northern horn should be higher than the southern one otherwise than as stated already, the crops will flourish and there will be good rain. If the southern horn should be similarly higher there will be famine and fear [i.e., durbhikṣa-bhaya] in the land”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Bhaya (भय) refers to the “dangers (of saṃsāra)”, according to the Guhyasūtra, the largest book of the Niśvāsa-corpus (a collection of early Śaiva Tantras comprising the Niśvāsamukha, Mūlasūtra, Uttarasūtra, Nayasūtra, and Guhyasūtra).—Accordingly, “[...] (110) Knowing this, one should not give [lightly] the supreme nectar of Lord Śiva. (111) According to this scripture of the Lord, one may attain Śiva by each of the following [practised individually]: initiation, knowledge, yoga and caryā in due order. [...] (114) This tetrad has been taught to destroy the dangers of Saṃsāra (saṃsāra-bhaya-nāśana). It should not [lightly] be given to others if one desires supernatural power for oneself”.
Bhaya (भय, “fear”) refers to one of the worldly ailments, according to the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—The Netratantra’s Second Chapter begins with the goddess Pārvatī’s request that Śiva reveal to her the remedy for the ailments that afflict divine and worldly beings. Among these maladies she lists [e.g, fear (bhaya)], [...]. Śiva responds that no one has ever before asked such a question and therefore he has never before revealed the answer. He emphasizes the importance of the mṛtyuñjaya-mantra and the Netra-tantra’s tripartite approaches of mantra, yoga, and jñāna (knowledge).
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Bhaya (भय) refers to a “risk” (or ‘fear’) (e.g., ‘fear of fire’), according to the Devyāmata (chapter 105).—Accordingly, [while describing the consequences of a doorway]—“Thus, in due sequence, the consequences of doorways are given. [With a doorway] at Īśa, the householder will have the risk of fire (agni-bhaya—īśe hy agnibhayaṃ); at Parjanya, harm from women. At Jaya [the householder] is endowed with wealth. At Māhendra he is dear to the king. At Āditya there is anger. At Satya there is lawful conduct. [...]”.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
Bhaya (भय) represents the number 7 (seven) in the “word-numeral system” (bhūtasaṃkhyā), which was used in Sanskrit texts dealing with astronomy, mathematics, metrics, as well as in the dates of inscriptions and manuscripts in ancient Indian literature.—A system of expressing numbers by means of words arranged as in the place-value notation was developed and perfected in India in the early centuries of the Christian era. In this system the numerals [e.g., 7—bhaya] are expressed by names of things, beings or concepts, which, naturally or in accordance with the teaching of the Śāstras, connote numbers.
Ganita (गणित) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Bhaya (भय) refers to “fear”, according to the Mahābhārata verse 14.19.1-2.—Accordingly: while describing the supreme knowledge of the eternal and unchanging state: “He who has become absorbed in one object, silently not thinking of anything, having abandoned [everything] prior [to this] is free from any undertaking. He is a friend to all, endures all, is indifferent [to all things], his senses controlled, his fear (bhaya) and anger have ceased, his desire slain, [this] man is free”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Bhaya (भय) refers to one of the 72 rays of the Viśuddhi-Cakra which (together with the 64 rays of the Ājñā) are associated with the lunar plane called Brahmagranthi, according to Śaṅkarācārya’s Saudaryalaharī.—Accordingly, the Goddess is visualised (by Sādhaka) as dwelling above the six Ādhāracakras ruling over the 360 rays which emanate in them [e.g., Bhaya]. These 360 rays represent 360 syllables (i.e., a consummation of the śabdaprapañca or 50 alphabets) as well as the principles of nature. For the 360 syllables, together with haṃ and saḥ, Nyāsa should be performed for Śrīcakrapūjā.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Bhaya (भय) refers to—Fear.
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
1) Bhaya (भय) refers to “fear” (considered as a product of one’s imagination—kalpana), according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Janaka says to Aṣṭavakra]: “[...] So now abandoning the body and everything else, by some good fortune or other my true self becomes apparent. [...] I have recognized that all this and my body are nothing, While my true self is nothing but pure consciousness, so what can the imagination work on now? The body, heaven and hell, bondage and liberation, and fear (bhaya) too [śarīraṃ svarganarakau bandhamokṣau bhayaṃ tathā], All this is pure imagination. What is there left to do for me whose very nature is consciousness? [...]”.
2) Bhaya (भय) refers to “fear” (which does not affect a true Yogī).—Accordingly, [as Janaka says to Aṣṭavakra]: “Using the tweezers of the knowledge of the truth I have managed to extract the painful thorn of endless opinions from the recesses of my heart. [...] For me established in my own glory, there is no dreaming or deep sleep, no waking nor fourth state beyond them, and certainly no fear (bhaya). [kva turīyaṃ bhayaṃ vā'pi svamahimni sthitasya me] [...]”.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
General definition (in Hinduism)
Bhaya (भय, “fear”):—In Vedic hinduism, he is one of the three sons of Adharma (‘sin’) and his wife Nirṛti (‘misery’).
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
N Vision of a danger caused by the observation of mental and physical phenomena.
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Bhaya (भय) (Cf. Pañcabhaya) refers to “fear”, as mentioned in the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter XXXI in the section called “four foundations of mindfulness (smṛtyupasthāna)”.—Accordingly:—“[...] there are two kinds of suffering (duḥkha): inner suffering and outer suffering. [...] Inner suffering (ādhyātmika-duḥkha) is of two types: physical suffering and mental suffering. Mental suffering is grief (daurmanasya), sadness (śoka), hatred (dveṣa), fear (bhaya), jealousy (īrṣyā), doubt (vicikitsā), etc.: those are mental suffering. These two sufferings together are inner suffering. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Bhaya (भय) or Pañcabhaya refers to the “five fears” as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 71):
- ājīvikā-bhaya: fear for (one’s) livelihood,
- śoka-bhaya: fear of grief,
- maraṇa-bhaya: fear of death,
- durgati-bhaya: fear of a bad destination,
- parṣadaśādya-bhaya: fear through timidity.
The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., bhaya). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
1) Bhaya (भय, “fear”).—The seven types of fear (bhaya) according to Cāmuṇḍarāya in his Caritrasāra are:
- ihaloka (fear of this world),
- paraloka (fear of the next world),
- vyādhi (fear of sickness),
- maraṇa (fear of death),
- agupti (fear of being without protection),
- atrāṇa (fear of being without defence),
- akasmika (fear of something unexpected)
2) Bhaya (भय, “fear”) refers to a subclass of the interal (abhyantara) division of parigraha (attachment) and is related to the Aparigraha-vrata (vow of non-attachment). Amṛtacandra (in his Puruṣārthasiddhyupāya 116), Somadeva, and Āśādhara among the Digambaras and Siddhasena Gaṇin (in his commentary on the Tattvārtha-sūtra 7.24) among the Śvetāmbaras mention fourteen varieties of abhyantara-parigraha (for example, bhaya).
Bhaya (भय) participated in the war between Rāma and Rāvaṇa, on the side of the latter, as mentioned in Svayambhūdeva’s Paumacariu (Padmacarita, Paumacariya or Rāmāyaṇapurāṇa) chapter 57ff. Svayambhū or Svayambhūdeva (8th or 9th century) was a Jain householder who probably lived in Karnataka. His work recounts the popular Rāma story as known from the older work Rāmāyaṇa (written by Vālmīki). Various chapters [mentioning Bhaya] are dedicated to the humongous battle whose armies (known as akṣauhiṇīs) consisted of millions of soldiers, horses and elephants, etc.
Bhaya (भय).—What is meant by fear (bhaya)? Frightening ownself or others is fear.
Bhaya (भय, “fear”) refers to one of the nine types of the Akaṣāya (“quasi passions”) classification of of Cāritramohanīya “conduct deluding (karmas)” according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra chapter 8. Cāritramohanīya refers to one of the two main classifications of Mohanīya, or “deluding (karmas)”, which represents one of the eight types of Prakṛti-bandha (species bondage): one of the four kinds of bondage (bandha). What is meant by fear (bhaya) karmas? The karmas rise of which cause feeling of fear are called fear karmas.
Bhaya (भय) refers to the “sickness” (of wrong faith), according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Sentient beings, inflamed by very intense pleasure [and] unsteady from affliction by wrong faith [com.—(those who are) confused by the sickness of wrong faith (mithyātvabhayabhrāntāḥ)], wander about in a five-fold life that is difficult to be traversed. It has been stated at length that the cycle of rebirth which is full of suffering is five-fold on account of combining substance, place, right time, life and intention”.
Synonyms: Āṭaṅka.
Bhaya (भय, “fear”) refers to one of the “thirteen difficulties”, according to the “Teraha kāṭhīyā-svādhyāya” by Jinaharṣa (dealing with the Ethics section of Jain Canonical literature), which is included in the collection of manuscripts at the ‘Vincenzo Joppi’ library, collected by Luigi Pio Tessitori during his visit to Rajasthan between 1914 and 1919.—The exposition of the ‘thirteen difficulties’ against which one should fight as they are hindrances to proper religious practice is a widespread topic in Jain literature in Gujarati. They are either listed in brief compositions or described with several verses for each of the components. The list of terms is always the same, with a few variations in designations: [e.g., fear (bhaya), ...].—See ch. Krause 1999, p. 277 for the list as found in a Ratnasañcaya-granth stanza 118.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
bhaya : (nt.) fear; fright.
Bhaya, (nt.) (fr. bhī, cp. Vedic bhaya, P. bhāyati) fear, fright, dread A. II, 15 (jāti-maraṇa°); D. III, 148, 182; Dh. 39, 123, 212 sq. , 283; Nd1 371, 409; Pug. 56; Vism. 512; KhA 108; SnA 155; DhA. III, 23. There are some lengthy enumerations of objects causing fear (sometimes under term mahabbhaya, mahā-bhaya), e.g. one of 17 at Miln. 196, one of 16 (four times four) at A. II, 121 sq. , the same in essence, but in different order at Nd2 470, and at VbhA. 502; one of 16 (with remark “ādi,” and so on) at Vism. 645. Shorter combinations are to be found at Sn. 964 (5, viz. ḍaṃsā, adhipātā, siriṃsapā, manussaphassā, catuppādā); Vbh. 379 (5, viz. ājīvika°, asiloka°, parisa-sārajja°, maraṇa°, duggati°, explained at VbhA. 505 sq.), 376 (4: jāti°, jarā°, vyādhi°, maraṇa°) 367 (3: jāti°, jarā°, maraṇ°); Nd1 402 (2: diṭṭha-dhammikaṃ & samparāyikaṃ bh.).—abhaya absence of fear, safety Vin. I, 75 (abhay-ûvara for abhaya-vara?); Dh. 317; J. I, 150; DhA. III, 491.
—ñāṇa insight into what is to be feared: see Cpd. 66.—dassāvin seeing or realising an object of fear, i.e. danger Vbh. 244, 247 and passim.—dassin id. Dh. 31, 317.—bherava fear & dismay M. I, 17 (=citt’uttrasassa ca bhayānak’ārammaṇassa adhivacanaṃ MA 113), N. of Suttanta No. 4 in Majjhima (pp. 16 sq.), quoted at Vism. 202; SnA 206. (Page 498)
bhaya (ဘယ) [(na) (န)]—
[bhī+ṇa]
[ဘီ+ဏ]
[Pali to Burmese]
bhaya—
(Burmese text): (၁) ကြောက်ခြင်း၊ လန့်ခြင်း၊ ဘေး။ (က) ကြောက်တတ်သောစိတ်၊ ကြောက်လန့်ကြောင်းဖြစ်သောစိတ် (ဒေါသပြဓာန်းသောစိတ်)။ (ခ) (မကောင်းမှုမှ) ကြောက်လန့်ကြောင်းဖြစ်သော တရား (ဩတ္တပ္ပဉာဏ်)။ (၂) ကြောက်အပ်သော-ကြောက်မက်ဖွယ် ကောင်းသော-အာရုံဘေးရန်။
(Auto-Translation): (1) Fear, anxiety, danger. (a) Fearful mind, a mind that is frightened (a mind that expresses anger). (b) A principle that arises from fear of (bad things) (wise discernment). (2) Something that is fearsome - something that is remarkably frightening - a danger to awareness.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
bhaya (भय).—n (S) Fear, dread, painful apprehension of evil. Pr. ēka bhaya dōhō jāgīṃ Expresses mutual fear in both parties. 2 Ground for fear; danger, risk, hazard, jeopardy. bhaya ghēṇēṃ To take fright or alarm. bhaya dākhaviṇēṃ To exhibit (unto) some ground for fear; to apply to the fears of.
--- OR ---
bhāya (भाय).—f C dim. bhāyaṭī f C A branch or bough.
bhaya (भय).—n Fear, dread. Risk.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Bhaya (भय).—[vimetyasmāt, bhī-apādāne ac]
1) Fear, alarm, dread, apprehension, (oft. with abl.); भोगे रोगमयं कुले च्युतिभयं वित्ते नृपालाद्भयम् (bhoge rogamayaṃ kule cyutibhayaṃ vitte nṛpālādbhayam) Bhartṛhari 3.35; यदि समरमपास्य नास्ति मृत्योर्भयम् (yadi samaramapāsya nāsti mṛtyorbhayam) Ve.3.4.
2) Fright, terror; जगद्भयम् (jagadbhayam) &c.
3) A danger, risk, hazard; तावद्भयस्य भेतव्यं यावद्भयमनागतम् । आगतं तु भयं वीक्ष्य नरः कुर्याद्यथोचितम् (tāvadbhayasya bhetavyaṃ yāvadbhayamanāgatam | āgataṃ tu bhayaṃ vīkṣya naraḥ kuryādyathocitam) H.1.54.
4) The sentiment of fear; see भयानक (bhayānaka) below; रौद्रशक्त्या तु जनितं चित्तवैकल्यजं भयम् (raudraśaktyā tu janitaṃ cittavaikalyajaṃ bhayam) S. D.6.
5) The blossom of Trapa Bispinosa (Mar. śiṃgāḍā)
-yaḥ Sickness, disease.
Derivable forms: bhayam (भयम्).
Bhaya (भय).—[, read Abhaya (4), q.v.: Mahāvastu i.135.7.]
Bhaya (भय).—mfn.
(-yaḥ-yā-yaṃ) Frightful, fearful, horrible, dreadful. n.
(-yaṃ) 1. Fear, alarm, fright, dread. 2. The flower of the Trapa bispinosa. m.
(-yaḥ) Sickness. E. bhī to be afraid, ac aff.
Bhaya (भय).—i. e. bhī + a, n. 1. Fear, [Pañcatantra] v. [distich] 67. 2. Fright, [Pañcatantra] 242, 21. 3. Danger, [Pañcatantra] ii. [distich] 14.
Bhaya (भय).—[neuter] fear, dread, anxiety, terror, danger, distress ([with] [ablative] or —°).
1) Bhaya (भय):—n. (√bhī) fear, alarm dread apprehension
2) fear of ([ablative] [genitive case] or [compound]) or for ([compound]), [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc. (yāt ind. ‘from fear’; bhayaṃ-√kṛ with [ablative] ‘to have fear of’; bhayaṃ-√dā, ‘to cause fear, terrify’)
3) sg. and [plural] terror, dismay, danger, peril, distress
4) danger from ([ablative] or [compound]) or to, ([compound]), [ib.]
5) the blossom of Trapa Bispinosa, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) m. sickness, disease, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) m. Fear personified (as a Vasu, a son of Nir-ṛti or Ni-kṛti, a prince of the Yavanas and husband of the daughter of Time), [Purāṇa] (also n.; and f(ā). as a daughter of Kāla or Vaivasvata, and wife of the Rākṣasa Heti).
Bhaya (भय):—(yaṃ) 1. n. Fear. a. Fearful.
Bhaya (भय):—(von bhī)
1) n. [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 3, 3, 56, Vārttika von Kātyāyana. 1.] Gefahr, Noth; Angst, Furcht [Amarakoṣa 1, 1, 7, 21. 3, 4, 25, 186.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 317.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 301.] [Anekārthasaṃgraha 2, 373.] [Medinīkoṣa y. 40.] [Halāyudha 1, 91. 4, 40.] bha.e citsukṣi.iṃ dadhe [Ṛgveda 1, 40, 8.] mā te bha.aṃ jari.āraṃ vidat [189, 4. 2, 27, 5. 28, 10. 41, 10.] sa bādha.yāpa bha.ā sahobhiḥ [6, 6, 6.] daivya [8, 50, 16. 9, 67, 21. 10, 35, 14. 39, 11.] [Atharvavedasaṃhitā 4, 19, 2. 5, 21, 1.] bha.aṃ pa.astā.abhayaṃ te a.vāk [8, 1, 10.] hṛ.svā dadhatāṃ bha.am [8, 2. 18. 10, 3, 4. 7. 19, 3, 4.] [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 11, 5, 3, 8. 13, 2, 2, 9. 14, 4, 2, 3.] na kutaścidbhayaṃ bhavati [ĀŚV. GṚHY. 3, 10, 8.] aśvatthādagnibhayaṃ brūyāt Feuersgefahr [GOBH. 4, 7, 14.] [Kauśika’s Sūtra zum Atuarvaveda 32. 56. 141.] āhāranidrābhayamaithunam (haben Menschen mit Thieren gemein) [Spr. 409.] śokasamāviṣṭa [Nalopākhyāna 8, 2.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 6, 32.] nāstyeva bhayaṃ tatra gatasya me so v. a. ich fürchte mich nicht dahin zu gehen [Geschichte des Vidūṣaka 206.] cakita [Vetālapañcaviṃśati] in [Lassen’s Anthologie (II) 18, 6.] trasta [Spr. 2015.] saṃtrasta [2016.] bhayena bhedayedbhīrum [2017.] bhaye vā yadi vā harṣe saṃprāpte [2018.] unter den sechs Fehlern [3072.] mahadbhayam [452.] [KATHOP. 6, 2.] kathaṃ nu vipramucyema bhayādasmāt [Hiḍimbavadha 1, 7.] mā bhaya kuru fürchte dich nicht [Vetālapañcaviṃśati] in [Lassen’s Anthologie (II) 18, 7.] bhayāt aus Furcht [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 7, 3.] [Nalopākhyāna 13, 11.] [Hitopadeśa 10, 9.] bhayādbhītāḥ [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 55, 23.] viveśa ca bhayaṃ surān [23, 4.] bhayaṃ māṃ mahadāviśat [Arjunasamāgama 3, 37.] tāvadbhayasya bhetavyaṃ yāvadbhayamanāgatam [Spr. 1029.] bhayaṃ pariharan [4648.] cauravyāghrādibhirbhayaiḥ [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 11. 112. 12, 77.] [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 28, 18.] [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 21, 91.] naṣṭabhayā (bhūmi) [Mahābhārata 13. 7236.] abhayā vāk [4, 2141.] apetabhayā furchtlos [1, 3929.] Die Ergänzung im ablat.: yasmādaṇvapi bhūtānāṃ dvijānnopapadyate bhayam [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 6, 40.] yataśca bhayamāśaṅket [7, 188. fg.] [Nalopākhyāna 14, 18.] [Matsyopākhyāna 6.] [Sundopasundopākhyāna 1, 25.] [Hiḍimbavadha 2, 13.] [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 14, 37. 64, 4.] [Spr. 139. 2369. 2599.] lokāpavādāt [2773.] na bhayebhyo bhayaṃ tasya na pāpebhyo na rājataḥ [4321.] sadbhyo bhayaṃ nānuvartanti santaḥ [5117.] bhayaṃ tyajata phālgunāt [Mahābhārata 7, 7115.] na bhayaṃ cakrire pārthāt fürchteten sich nicht vor [14, 2223.] na bhayaṃ dvīpinaḥ kāryaṃ mṛtyutaste [Mahābhārata] in [Lassen’s Anthologie (II) 45, 9.] vahnerbhayaṃ kurute bewirkt Feuersgefahr [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 46, 19.] im gen. [Kaṭhopaniṣad 6, 3.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 7, 15.] [Spr. 5207.] [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 63, 16.] im comp. vorangehend [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 2, 1, 37.] daṇḍa [Nalopākhyāna 4, 10.] tvadbhaya [Duaupadīpramātha 7, 5.] [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 9, 12. 60, 4.] [Śākuntala 40, 4.] [Meghadūta 46.] [Geschichte des Vidūṣaka 196.] dharmalopa [Raghuvaṃśa 1, 76.] śarapatana [Śākuntala 7,] [Spr. 4094.] [Hitopadeśa 14, 19.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 4, 51.] prāṇavināśabhayabhīta [Pañcatantra ed. orn. 53, 17.] mṛtyu [Kathāsaritsāgara 27, 39.] agni, vyāla, rogarakṣo [Mahābhārata 2, 258.] salila [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 3, 37.] durbhikṣa [4, 16.] avṛṣṭiṃ saśastrabhayām [6, 5. 7, 2.] bahumlecchabhayā (diś) [Kathāsaritsāgara 37, 51.] taddarśanabhayaṃ dattvā mit dessen Erscheinen schreckend [4, 62.] svapakṣaprabhava [Amarakoṣa 2, 8, 1, 30.] agnija, vātaja [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 1, 89.] putravyasanaja [Daśaratha’s Tod 2, 11.] tadāgamanajaṃ dattvā sahasā bhayam mit seiner Ankunft schreckend [Kathāsaritsāgara 4, 59.] matprasūta [Nalopākhyāna 20, 30.] ātma Angst für sein Leben [Kathāsaritsāgara 5, 86.] prāṇa Besorgniss für das Leben, Lebensgefahr [27, 38.] [Rāmāyaṇa 6, 107, 4.] [Pañcatantra 62, 24.] dvijago Gefahr für [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 8, 42.] jagadbhaya ein Schrecken für die Welt (concret) [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 1, 11, 3.] Als m. soll bhaya nach [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma] Krankheit bedeuten. —
2) m. die personificirte Furcht ist ein Sohn der Nirṛti [Mahābhārata 1, 2619.] [Viṣṇupurāṇa 56.] [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 50, 29] (neutr.). ein Fürst der Yavana und Gatte der Tochter der Zeit [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 4, 27. 23. 28, 1.] ein Vasu [6, 6, 11.] —
3) n. die Blüthe der Trapa bispinosa [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] — Vgl. a, nirbhaya, prati, bṛhadbhaya, mahā, sa .
--- OR ---
Bhaya (भय):—
4) f. ā Nomen proprium einer Tochter Kāla’s (Vaivasvata's Comm.) und Gattin des Rākṣasa Heti [Rāmāyaṇa 7, 4, 16.]
Bhaya (भय):——
1) n. (adj. Comp. f. ā) — a) Angst , Furcht , — vor (Abl. , Gen. oder im Comp. vorangehend) , — für (im Comp. vorangehend). bhayāt aus Furcht ; bhayaṃ kar sich fürchten , — vor (Abl.) ; bhayaṃ dā Angsteinjagen. — b) Sg. und Pl. Schrecken , Gefahr , Noth. Das Woher im Abl. ([77,33]) oder im Comp. vorangehend , das Wofür im Comp. vorangehend. — c) *die Blüthe der Trapa bispinosa. —
2) m. — a) *Krankheit. — b) der personificirte Schrecken ist ein Sohn der Nirṛti oder Nikṛti ([Viṣṇupurāṇa 1,7,30]), ein Fürst der Yavana und Gatte einer Tochter der Zeit , und ein Vasu. Ausnahmsweise n. —
3) f. bhayā Nomen proprium einer Tochter Kāla’s (Vaivasvata’s nach dem Comm.) und Gattin des Rakṣas Heti.
Bhaya (भय) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Bhaya, Bhāa, Bhisa, Bhisāva.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Bhaya (भय) [Also spelled bhay]:—(nm) fear, fright, dread, horror, scare; danger; ~[kara/~janaka] inspiring / causing fear, fearful, frightful, dreadful, terrible, horrible; dangerous; ~[trasta] frightened, horrified, terrified; scared, fear-stricken; ~[dāyī] see ~[kara; ~prada ] see ~[kara; -pradarśana] terrifying, frightening, threatening, intimidating; -[vikala] aghast, afraid, frightened out of wits; hence ~[vikalatā] (nf); ~[śīla] fearing; timid; hence ~[śīlatā] (nf); ~[śūnya] fearless, dauntless, intrepid; hence ~[śūnyatā] (nf); ~[hārī] causing to remove fear, freeing from fear; one who frees from fear; ~[hetu] cause of fear; —[khānā] to be afraid; to be scared, to fear (somebody).
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Prakrit-English dictionary
1) Bhaya (भय) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Bhaj.
2) Bhaya (भय) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Bhaya.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Bhaya (ಭಯ):—
1) [noun] a feeling of anxiety and agitation caused by the presence or nearness of danger, evil, pain, etc.; timidity; fear; dread; terror; fright; apprehension.
2) [noun] that (as a thing, circumstance, sentiment in a play, etc.) which causes or imposes this feeling.
3) [noun] (dance.) a glance expressive of fear (as by opening and closing the eyes repeatedly). ಭಯಭಕ್ತಿ [bhayabhakti] bhaya bhakti a mixed feeling of fear, reverence or devotion.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Bhaya (भय):—n. fear; misgiving; terror; fright;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+24): Bhasha, Bhaya Sutta, Bhaya Vagga, Bhaya-bherava, Bhayabahula, Bhayabhanjana, Bhayabhava, Bhayabhayakrit, Bhayabhibhuta, Bhayabhiruta, Bhayabhita, Bhayabhoga, Bhayabhranta, Bhayabhrashta, Bhayabilu, Bhayabrahmana, Bhayacakita, Bhayacakite, Bhayacalana, Bhayacalita.
Full-text (+834): Abhaya, Bhasha, Bhayankara, Nirbhaya, Bhayavaha, Akutobhaya, Mahabbhaya, Vitabhaya, Bhayabhita, Sabhaya, Bhayatura, Maranabhaya, Pratibhaya, Bhayapaha, Rajabhaya, Bhayaprada, Bhayabhrashta, Bhayada, Bhayakrit, Apabhaya.
Relevant text
Search found 194 books and stories containing Bhaya, Bhayā, Bhāya, Bhi-na, Bhī-ṇa; (plurals include: Bhayas, Bhayās, Bhāyas, nas, ṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 234 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 888 < [Hindi-Marathi-English Volume 1]
Page 314 < [Telugu-English-Malayalam (1 volume)]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 6.2.7 < [Chapter 2 - Residence in Śrī Dvārakā]
Verse 4.19.131 < [Chapter 19 - A Thousand Names of Srī Yamunā]
Verse 4.21.4 < [Chapter 21 - Lord Krsna Extinguishes the Forest Fire and Reveals Himself to the Brāhmana’s Wives]
Bhajana-Rahasya (by Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura Mahasaya)
Text 12 < [Chapter 2 - Dvitīya-yāma-sādhana (Prātaḥ-kālīya-bhajana)]
Text 11 < [Chapter 4 - Caturtha-yāma-sādhana (Madhyāhna-kālīya-bhajana–ruci-bhajana)]
Text 2 < [Chapter 4 - Caturtha-yāma-sādhana (Madhyāhna-kālīya-bhajana–ruci-bhajana)]
Vasudevavijaya of Vasudeva (Study) (by Sajitha. A)
Tatpuruṣa-samāsa (Compound) < [Chapter 3 - Vāsudevavijaya—A Grammatical Study]
Yavanajataka by Sphujidhvaja [Sanskrit/English] (by Michael D Neely)
Verse 75.6 < [Chapter 75 - Application of the Vāra on Military Expeditions]
Verse 75.10 < [Chapter 75 - Application of the Vāra on Military Expeditions]
Verse 2.32 < [Chapter 2 - One’s Own Form of the Horās]
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