Verse 2.18

antavanta ime dehā nityasyoktāḥ śarīriṇaḥ |
anāśino'prameyasya tasmādyudhyasva bhārata ||18||

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

āgamāpāyadharmakaṃ sandarśyati antavanta iti | anto vināśo vidyate yeṣāṃ te antavantaḥ | nityasya sarvadaikarūpasya śarīriṇaḥ śarīravataḥ | ataevānāśino vināśarahitasya aprameyasyaparicchinnasyātmana ime sukhaduḥkhādidharmakadehā uktāstattvadarśibhiḥ | yasmādevamātmano na vināśaḥ, na ca sukhaduḥkhādisambandhaḥ, tasmānmohajaṃ śoktaṃ tyaktvā yudhyasva | svadharmaṃ mā tyakṣīrityarthaḥ ||18||

The Gūḍhārthadīpikā commentary by Madhusūdana

nanu sphuraṇarūpasya sataḥ kathamavināśitvaṃ tasya dehadharmatvāddehasya cānukṣaṇavināśāditi bhūtacaitanyavādinastānnirākurvannāsato vidyate bhāva ityetadvivṛṇoti antavanta iti | antavanto vināśina ime'parokṣā dehā upacitāpacitarūpatvāccharīrāṇi | bahuvacanātsthūlasūkṣmakāraṇarūpā virāṭsūtrāvyākṛtākhyāḥ samaṣṭivyaṣṭyātmanaḥ sarve nityasyāvināśina eva śarīriṇa ādhyāsikasambandhena śarīravataekasyātmanaḥ svaprakāśasphuraṇarūpasya sambandhino dṛśyatvena bhogyatvena coktāḥ śrutibhirbrahmavādibhiśca | tathā ca taittirīyake'nnamayādyānandamayānantān pañca kośān kalpayitvā tadadhiṣṭhānamakalpitaṃ brahma pucchaṃ pratiṣṭhā
[TaittU 2.5] iti darśitam | tatra pañcīkṛtapañcamahābhūtatatkāryātmako virāṇmūrtarāśirannamayakośaḥ sthūlasamaṣṭiḥ | tatkāraṇībhūto'pañcīkṛtapañcamahābhūtatatkāryātmako hiraṇyagarbhaḥ sūtramamūrtarāśiḥ sūkṣmasamaṣṭiḥ trayaṃ vā idaṃ nāma rūpaṃ karma [BAU 1.6.1] iti bṛhadāraṇyakoktatryannātmakaḥ sarvakarmātmakatvena kriyāśaktimātramādāya prāṇamayakośa uktaḥ | nāmātmakatvena jñānaśaktimātramādāyamanomayakośa uktaḥ | rūpātmakatvena tadubhayāśrayatayā kartṛtvamādāya vijñānamayakośa uktaḥ | tataḥ prāṇamayamanomayavijñānamayātmaika eva hiraṇyagarbhākhyo liṅgaśarīrakośaḥ | tatkāraṇībhūtas
tu māyopahitacaitanyātmā sarvasaṃskāraśeṣo'vyākṛtākhya ānandamayakośaḥ | te ca sarva ekasyaivātmanaḥ śarīrāṇītyuktam | tasyaiṣa eva śārīra ātmā yaḥ pūrvasya [TaittU 2.3.4] iti | tasya prāṇamayasyaiṣa eva śarīre bhavaḥ śārīra ātmā yaḥ satyajñānādilakṣaṇo guhānihitatvenoktaḥ pūrvasyānnamayasya | evaṃ prāṇamayamanomayavijñānamayānandamayeṣu yojyam |

athaveme sarve dehāstrailokyavartisarvaprāṇisambandhina ekasyaivātmana uktā iti yojanā | tathā ca śrutiḥ

eko devaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ
sarvavyāpī sarvabhūtāntarātmā |
karmādhyakṣaḥ sarvabhūtādhivāsaḥ
sākṣī ceto kevalo nirguṇaśca || [ŚvetU 6.11]

iti sarvaśarīrasambandhinamekamātmānaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ darśayati |

nanu nityatvaṃ yāvatkālasthāyitvaṃ tathā cāvidyādivatkālena saha nāśe'pi tadupapannamityata āha anāśina iti | deśataḥ kālato vastutaścaparicchinasyāvidyādeḥ kalpitatvenānityatve'pi yāvatkālasthāyisvarūpamaupacārikaṃ nityatvaṃ vyavahriyate yāvadvikāraṃ tu vibhāgo lokavat[Vs 2.3.7] iti nyāyāt | ātmanastu paricchedatrayaśūnyasyākalpitasya vināśahetvabhāvānmukhyameva kūṭasthanityatvaṃ na tu pariṇāminityatvaṃ yāvatkālasthāyitvaṃ cetyabhiprāyaḥ |

nanvetādṛśe dehini kiṃcitpramāṇamavaśyaṃ vācyamanyathā niṣpramāṇasya tasyālīkatvāpatteḥ śāstrārambhavaiyarthyāpatteśca | tathā ca vastuparicchedo duṣpariharaḥ śāstrayonitvāt[Vs 1.1.3] iti nyāyācca | ata āha aprameyasyeti | ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyametadapramayaṃ dhruvam [BAU 4.7.2] apramayamaprameyam |

na tatra sūryo bhāti na candratārakaṃ
nemā vidyuto bhānti kuto'yamagniḥ | [KaṭhU 5.15]

tameva bhāntamanubhāti sarvaṃ
tasya bhāsā sarvamidaṃ vibhāti [ṃuṇḍU 2.2.10]

iti ca śruteḥ svaprakāśacaitanyarūpa evātmātastasya sarvabhāsakasya svabhānārthaṃ na svabhāsyāpekṣā, kintu kalpitājñānatatkāryanivṛttyarthaṃ kalpitavṛttiviśeṣāpekṣā | kalpitasyaiva kalpitavirodhitvāt | yakṣānurūpo baliḥ iti nyāyāt | tathā ca sarvakalpitanivartakavṛttiviśeṣotpattyarthaṃ śāstrārambhaḥ, tasya tattvamasyādivākyamātrādhīnatvāt | svataḥ sarvadābhāsamānatvātsarvakalpanādhiṣṭhānatvāddṛśyamātrabhāsakatvācca na tasya tucchatvāpattiḥ | tathā caikamevādvitīyaṃ satyaṃ jñānamanantaṃ brahmetyādiśāstrameva svaprameyānurodhena svasyāpi kalpitatvamāpādayati anyathā svaprāmāṇyānupapatteḥ |

kalpitasya cākalpitaparicchedakatvaṃ nāstīti prākpratipāditam | ātmanaḥ svaprakāśatvaṃ ca yuktito'pi bhagavatpūjyapādairupapāditam | tathā hi yatra jijñāsoḥ saṃśayaviparyayavyatirekapramāṇānāmanyatamamapi nāsti tatra tadvirodhi jñānamiti sarvatra dṛṣṭam | anyathā tritayānyatamāpatteḥ | ātmani cāhaṃ vā nāhaṃ veti na kasyacitsaṃśayaḥ | nāpi nāhamiti viparyayo vyatirekaḥ pramā veti tatsvarūpapramā sarvadāstīti vācyaṃ tasya sarvasaṃśayaviparyayadharmitvāt | dharmyaśe sarvamabhrāntaṃ prakāre tu viparyayaḥ iti nyāyāt | ata evoktam

pramāṇamapramāṇaṃ ca pramābhāsastathaiva ca |
kurvantyeva pramāṃ yatra tadasambhāvanā kutaḥ || [Bṛhad-vāmanaP 1.4.874]

pramābhāsaḥ saṃśayaḥ | svaprakāśe sadrūpe dharmiṇi pramāṇāpramāṇayorviśeṣo nāstītyarthaḥ | ātmano'bhāsamānatve ca ghaṭajñānaṃ mayi jātaṃ na vetyādisaṃśayaḥ syāt | na cāntarapadārthe viṣayasyaiva saṃśayādipratibandhakatvasvabhāvaḥ | bāhyapadārthe kptena virodhijñānenaiva saṃśayādipratibandhasaṃbhava āntarapadārthe svabhāvabhedakalpanāyā anaucityāt | anyathā sarvaviplavāpatteḥ | ātmamanoyogamātraṃ cātmasākṣātkāre hetuḥ | yasya ca jñānamātre hetutvādghaṭādibhāne'pyātmabhānaṃ samūhālambananyāyena tārkikāṇāṃ pravareṇāpi durnivāram | na ca
cākṣuṣatvamānasattvādisaṅkaraḥ | laukikatvālaukikatvavadaṃśabhedenopapatteḥ | saṅkarasyādoṣatvāccākṣuṣatvāderjātitvānabhyupagamādvā | vyavasāyamātra evātmabhānasāmagryā vidyamānatvādanuvyavasāyo'pyapāstaḥ | na ca vyavasāyabhānārthaṃ sa tasya dīpavatsvavyavahāre sajātīyānapekṣatvāt | na hi ghaṭatajjñānayoriva vyavasāyānuvyavasāyayorapi viṣayatvaviṣayitvavyavasthāpakaṃ vaijātyamasti vyaktibhedātiriktavaidharmyānabhyupagamāt | viṣayatvāvacchedakarūpeṇaiva viṣayitvābhyupagame ghaṭatajjñānayorapi tadbhāvāpattiraviśeṣāt |

nanu yathā ghaṭavyavahārārthaṃ ghaṭajñānamabhyupeyate tathā ghaṭajñānavyavahārārthaṃ ghaṭajñānaviṣayaṃ jñānamabhyupeyaṃ vyavahārāsya vyavahartavyajñānasādhyatvāditi cet | kānupapattirudbhāvitā devānāṃpriyeṇa svaprakāśavādinaḥ | nahi vyavahartavyabhinnatvamapi jñānaviśeṣaṇaṃ vyavahārahetutāvacchedakaṃ gauravāt | tathā ceśvarajñānavadyogijñānavatprameyamiti jñānavacca svenaiva svavyavahāropapattau na jñānāntarakalpanāvakāśaḥ | anuvyavasāyasyāpi ghaṭajñānavyavahārahetutvaṃ kiṃ ghaṭajñānajñānatvena kiṃ vā ghaṭajñānatvenaiveti vivecanīyam | ubhayasyāpi tatra sattvāt | tatra ghaṭavyavahāre ghaṭajñānatvenaiva hetutāyāḥ kptatvāttenaiva
rūpeṇa ghatajñānavyavahāre,pi hetutopapattau na ghaṭajñānajñānatvaṃ hetutāvacchedakaṃ gauravānmānābhāvācca | tathā ca nānuvyavasāyasiddhirekasyaiva vyavasāyasya vayvasātari vyavaseye vyavasāye ca vyavahārajanakatvopapatteriti tripuṭīpratyakṣavādinaḥ prābhākarāḥ |

aupaniṣadāstu manyante svaprakāśajñānarūpa evātmā na svaprakāśajñānāśrayaḥ kartṛkarmavirodhena tadbhānānupapatteḥ | jñānabhinnatve ghaṭādivajjaḍatvena kalpitatvāpatteśca | svaprakāśajñānamātrasvarūpo'pyātmāvidyopahitaḥ san sākṣītyucyate | vṛttimadantaḥkaraṇopahitaḥ pramātetyucyate | tasya cakṣurādīni karaṇāni | sa cakṣurādidvārāntaḥkaraṇapariṇāmena ghaṭādīn vyāpya tadākāro bhavati | tato ghaṭāvacchinnacaitanyaṃ pramātrabhedātsvājñānaṃ nāśayadaparokṣaṃ bhavati | ghaṭaṃ ca svāvacchedakaṃ svatādātmyādhyāsādbhāsayati | antaḥkaraṇapariṇāmaśca vṛttyākhyo'tisvacchaḥ svāvacchinnenaiva caitanyena bhāsyata
ityantaḥkaraṇatadvṛttighaṭānāmaparokṣatā | tadetadākāratrayamahaṃ jānāmi ghaṭamiti | bhāsakacaitanyasyaikarūpatve'pi ghaṭaṃ prati vṛttyapekṣatvātpramātṛtā | antaḥkaraṇatadvṛttīḥ prati tu vṛttyanapekṣatvātsākṣiteti vivekaḥ | advaitasiddhau siddhāntabindau ca vistaraḥ |

yasmādevaṃ prāguktanyāyena ntiyo vibhurasaṃsārī sarvadaikarūpaścātmā tasmāttannāśaśaṅkayā svadharme yuddhe prākpravṛttasya tava tasmāduparatirna yukteti yuddhābhyanujñayā bhagavānāha tasmādyudhyasva bhārateti | arjunasya svadharme yuddhe pravṛttasya tata uparatikāraṇaṃ śokamohau | tau ca vicārajanitena vijñānena vādhitāvityapavādāpavāda utsargasya sthitiriti nyāyena yudhyasvetyanuvādo na vidhiḥ | yathā kartṛkarmaṇoḥ kṛti [Pāṇ 2.3.65] ityutsargaḥ | ubhayaprāptau karmaṇi [Pāṇ 2.3.66] ityapavādaḥ | akākārayoḥ strīpratyayayoḥ prayoge neti vaktavyamiti tadapavādaḥ | tathā ca mumukṣorbrahmaṇorjijñāsetyatrāpavādāpavāde punarutsargasthiteḥ kartṛkarmaṇoḥ kṛtītyanenaiva ṣaṣṭhī
| tathā ca karmaṇi ceti niṣedhāprasārādbrahmajijñāseti karmaṣaṣṭhīsamāsaḥ siddho bhavati | kaścittvetasmādeva vidhermokṣe jñānakarmaṇoḥ samuccaya iti pralapati | tacca yudhyasvetyato mokṣasya jñānakarmasamuccayasādhyatvāpratīteḥ | vistareṇa caitadagre bhagavadgītāvacanavirodhenaiva nirākariṣyāmaḥ ||18||

The Sārārthavarṣiṇī commentary by Viśvanātha

nāsato vidyate bhāvaḥ ityasyārthaṃ spaṣṭayati antavanta iti | śarīriṇo jīvasyāprameyasyātisūkṣmatvāddurjñeyasya | tasmādyudhyasva iti śāstravihitasya svadharmasya tyāgo'nucita iti bhāvaḥ ||18||

The Gītābhūṣaṇa commentary by Baladeva

antavanto vināśisvabhāvāḥ, śarīriṇo jīvātmanaḥ | aprameyasyātisūkṣmatvādvijñānavijñātṛsvarūpatvācca pramātumaśakyasyetyarthaḥ | tathā cedṛśasvabhāvatvājjīvataddehau na śokasthānamiti jīvātmano deho dharmānuṣṭānuṣṭhānadvārā tasya bhogāya mokṣāya ca pareśena sṛjyate | sa ca sa ca dharmeṇa bhavettasmādyudhyasva bhārata ||18||

__________________________________________________________