Verse 2.40

nehābhikramanāśo'sti pratyavāyo na vidyate |
svalpamapyasya dharmasya trāyate mahato bhayāt ||40||

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

nanu kṛṣyādivatkarmaṇāṃ kadācidvighnabāhulyena phale vyabhicārātmantrādyaṅgavaiguṇyena ca pratyavāyasambhavaātkutaḥ karmayogena karmabandhaprahāṇam | tatrāha nehetyādi | iha niṣkāmakarmayoge abhikramasya prārambhasya nāśo niṣphalatvaṃ nāsti | pratyavāyaśca na vidyate | īśvaroddeśenaiva vighnavaiguṇyādyasambhavāt | kiṃ cāsya dharmasya īśvarārādhanārthakarmayogasya svalpamapyupakramamātramapi kṛtaṃ mahato bhayātsaṃsāralakṣaṇāttrāyate rakṣati | na tu kāmyakarmavatkiñcidaṅgavaikguṇyādinā naiṣphalyamasyetyarthaḥ ||40||

The Gūḍhārthadīpikā commentary by Madhusūdana

nanu tametaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena [BAU 4.4.22] iti śrutyā vividiṣāṃ jñānaṃ coddiśya saṃyogapṛthaktvanyāyena sarvakarmaṇāṃ viniyogāttatra cāntaḥkaraṇaśuddherdvāratvānmāṃ prati karmānuṣṭhānaṃ vidhīyate | tatra tadyatheha karmajito lokaḥ kṣīyata evamevāmutra puṇyajito lokaḥ kṣīyate [Chā 8.1.6] iti śrutibodhitasya phalanāśasya sambhāvājjñānaṃ vividiṣāṃ coddiśya kriyamāṇasya yajñādeḥ kāmyatvātsarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇānuṣṭheyasya yatkiṃcidaṅgāsampattāvapi vaiguṇyāpatteryajñenetyādivākyavihitānāṃ
ca sarveṣāṃ karmaṇāmekena puruṣāyuṣaparyavasāne'pi kartumaśakyatvātkutaḥ karmabandhaṃ prahāsyasītiphalaṃ pratyāśetyata āha bhagavānneheti |

abhikramyate karmaṇā prārabhyate yatphalaṃ so'bhikramastasya nāśastadyathehetyādinā pratipādita iha niṣkāmakarmayoge nāsti | etatphalasya śuddheḥ pāpakṣayarūpatvena lokaśabdavācyabhogyatvābhāvena ca kṣayāsambhavāt | vedanaparyantāyā eva vividiṣāyāḥ karmaphalatvādvedanasya cāvyavadhānenājñānanivṛttiphalajanakasya phalamajanayitvā nāśāsambhavādiha phalanāśo nāstīti sādhūktam | taduktaṃ

tadyatheheti yā nindā sā phale na tu karmaṇi |
phalecchāṃ tu parityajya kṛtaṃ karma viśuddhikṛt || iti |

tathā pratyavāyo'ṅgavaiguṇyanibandhanaṃ vaiguṇyamiha na vidyate tamiti vākyena nityānāmevopāttaduritakṣayadvāreṇa vividiṣāyāṃ viniyogāt | tatra ca sarvāṅgopasaṃhāraniyamābhāvāt | kāmyānāmapi saṃyogapṛthaktvanyāyena viniyoga iti pakṣe'pi phalābhisandhirahitatvena teṣāṃ nityatulyatvāt | nahi kāmyanityāgnihotrayoḥ svataḥ kaścidviśeṣo'sti | phalābhisandhitadabhāṣābhyāmeva tu kāmyatvanityatvavyapadeśaḥ | idaṃ ca pakṣadvayamuktaṃ vārtike

vedānuvacanādīnāmaikātmyajñānajanmane |
tametamiti vākyena nityānāṃ vakṣyate vidhiḥ ||
yadvā vividiṣārthatvaṃ kāmyānāmapi karmaṇām |
tametamiti vākyena saṃyogasya pṛthaktvataḥ || iti |

tathā ca phalābhisandhinā kriyamāṇa eva karmaṇi sarvāṅgopasaṃhāraniyamāttadvilakṣaṇe śuddhyarthe karmaṇi pratinidhyādinā samāptisambhavānnāṅgavaiguṇyanimittaḥ pratyavāyo'stītyarthaḥ | tathāsya śuddhyarthasya dharmasya tametamityādivākyavihitasya madhye svalpamapi saṅkhyayetikartavyatayā vā yathāśaktibhagavadārādhanārthaṃ kiṃcidapyanuṣṭhitaṃ sanmahataḥ saṃsārabhayāttrāyate bhagavatprasādasampādanenānuṣṭhātāraṃ rakṣati |

sarvapāpaprasakto'pi dhyāyannimiṣamacyutam |
bhūyastapasvī bhavati paṅkipāvanapāvanaḥ || ityādi smṛteḥ |

tametamiti vākye samuccayavidhāyakābhāvāccāśuddhitāratamyādevānuṣṭhānatāratamyopapatteryuktamuktaṃ karmabandhaṃ prahāsyasi ||40||

The Sārārthavarṣiṇī commentary by Viśvanātha

atra yogo dvividhaḥ śravaṇakīrtanādibhaktirūpaḥ, śrībhagavadarpitaniṣkāmakarmarūpaśca | tatra karmaṇyevādhikāraḥ ityataḥ prāgbhaktiyoga eva nirūpyate | nistraiguṇyo bhavārjuna ityukterbhaktereve triguṇātītatvāttayaiva puruṣo nistraiguṇyo bhavatītyekādaśaskandhe[*ENDNOTE] prasiddheḥ | jñānakarmaṇostu sāttvikatvarājasatvābhyāṃ nistraiguṇyatvānupapatterbhagavadarpitalakṣaṇā bhaktistu karmaṇo vaiphalyābhāvamātraṃ pratipādayati, na tu svasya bhaktivyapadeśaṃ prādhānyābhāvādeva | yadi ca bhagavadarpitaṃ karmāpi bhaktireveti mataṃ, tadā karma kiṃ syāt? yadbhagavadanarpitakarma, tadeva karmeti cen, na |

naiṣkarmyamapyacyutabhāvavarjitaṃ
na śobhate jñānamalaṃ nirañjanam |
kutaḥ punaḥ śaśvadabhadramīśvare
na cārpitaṃ karma yadapyakāraṇam || [BhP 1.5.12]

iti nāradoktyā tasya vaiyarthyapratipādanāt | tasmādatra bhagvaccaraṇamādhuryaprāptisādhanībhūtā kevalaśravaṇakīrtanādilakṣaṇaiva bhaktirnirūpyate, yathā niṣkāmakarmayoga'pi nirūpayitavyaḥ | ubhāvapyetau buddhiyogaśabdavācyau jñeyau dadāmi buddhiyogaṃ taṃ yena māmupayānti te [10.10], dūreṇa hyavaraṃ karma buddhiyogāddhanañjaya [2.49] iti cokteḥ |

atha nirguṇaśravaṇakīrtanādibhaktiyogasya māhātmyamāha neheti | iha bhaktiyoge'bhikrame ārambhamātre kṛte'pyasya bhaktiyogasya nāśo nāsti | tataḥ pratyavāyaśca na syāt | yathā karmayoge ārambhaṃ kṛtvā karmānuṣṭhitavataḥ karmanāśapratyavāyau syātāmiti bhāvaḥ |

nanu tarhi tasya bhaktyanuṣṭhātukāmasya samucitabhaktyakaraṇātbhaktiphalaṃ tu naiva syāt | tatrāha svalpamiti | asya dharmasya svalpamapyārambhasamaye yā kiñcinmātrī bhaktirabhūt | sāpītyarthaḥ | mahato bhayātsaṃsārāttrāyata eva | yannāma sakṛcchravaṇātpukkaśo'pi vimucyate saṃsārādity[BhP 6.16.44] ādiśravaṇāt | ajāmilādau tathā darśanācca |

na hyaṅgopakrame dhvaṃso
maddharmasyoddhavāṇvapi |
mayā vyavasitaḥ samyaṅ
nirguṇatvādanāśiṣaḥ || [BhP 11.29.20]

iti bhagavato vākyena sahāsyavākyasyaikārthameva dṛśyate | kintu tatra nirguṇatvānna hi guṇātītaṃ vastu kadāciddhvastaṃ bhavatīti heturupanyastaḥ | sa cehāpi draṣṭavyaḥ | na ca niṣkāmakarmaṇo'pi bhagavadarpaṇamahimnā nirguṇatvameveti vācyam madarpaṇaṃ niṣphalaṃ vā sāttvikaṃ nijakarma tat[BhP 11.25.23] ||40||

The Gītābhūṣaṇa commentary by Baladeva

vakṣyamāṇayā buddhyā yuktaṃ karmayogaṃ stauti neheti | iha tametamityādi vākyokteḥ niṣkāmakarmayoge'bhikramasyārambhasya phalotpādakatvanāśo nāsti | ārambhasyāsamāptasya vaiphalyaṃ na bhavatītyarthaḥ | mantrādyaṅgavaikalye ca pratyavāyo na vidyate | ātmoddeśamahimnā oṃ tatsatiti bhagavannāmnā ca tasya vināśāt | iha bhagavadarpitasya niṣāmakarmalakṣaṇadharmasya kiñcidapyanuṣṭhitaṃ sanmahato bhayātsaṃsārāttrāyate anuṣṭhātāraṃ rakṣati | vakṣyati caivaṃ pārtha naiveha nāmutra [Gītā 6.40] ityādinā | kāmyakarmāṇi sarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇānuṣṭhitānyuktaphalāya
kalpante | mantrādyaṅgavaikalye tu pratyavāyaṃ janayantīti | niṣkāmakarmāṇi tu yathāśaktyanuṣṭhitāni jñānaniṣṭhālakṣaṇaṃ phalaṃ janayantyevoktahetutaḥ pratyavāyaṃ noptādayantīti ||40||

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