Sthana, Sthāna: 51 definitions
Introduction:
Sthana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Sthan.
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In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
1) Sthāna (स्थान, “posture”) refers to “standing posture”, to be used in the release of missiles of all kinds, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 11.
The six different kinds of sthānas are as follows:
- vaiṣṇava,
- sampāda,
- vaiśākha,
- maṇḍala,
- ālīḍha,
- pratyālīḍha.
2) Sthāna (स्थान) refers to “voice registers”. According to the Nāṭyaśāstra, it is part of the ‘vocal representation’ (vācika), which is used in communicating the meaning of the drama and calling forth the sentiment (rasa).
3) Sthāna (स्थान, “occasion”) refers to one of the five cause of songs (dhrūva) according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 32:—“The tāla of six or eight kalās observed in dhruvās will constitute their neasure (pramāṇa), and just as names (nāma) are applied to men according to their clan (gotra) family (kula) and customs (ācāra), so they are applied to dhruvās according to their depending on an occasions (sthāna)”.
Sthāna (स्थान) is the specific posture of the body which forms the predominant feature of any movement. It may be the sthānas prescribed for both men and women, or even those especially for women. It may be of the nature of standing, sitting, or lying down. Sthāna represents a definite form of the lines of the body in a fixed condition. There may be a rhombus between the knees or it may be an erect posture. All these determine the static aspect of the karaṇa. In a sthāna, the hands and body are involved. Even if the nṛtta-hastas undergo their specified course of action, the leg will not move away from their original placement.
The vocal registers (sthāna), just as in the vīṇā stringed instrument, were localized in the chest, throat and head
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Vastushastra (architecture)
1) Sthāna (स्थान) refers to a “temple”, and in a broader sense represents “devotional place” or “residence of God”. It is one of commonly used names for a temple, as found in Vāstuśāstra literature such the Mayamata and the Mānasāra.
2) Sthāna (स्थान) is a Sanskrit technical term denoting a “residence” in general, according to the lists of synonyms given in the Mayamata XIX.10-12 and the Mānasāra XIX.108-12, both populair treatises on Vāstuśāstra literature.
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to the “apartments” (of the parivāradevatā-gods), as discussed in chapter 23 of the Viṣṇusaṃhitā: a Sanskrit text written in 2600 verses which covers typical Pāñcarātra topics through a narrative dialogue between Aupagāyana and Siddha Sumati.—Description of the chapter [viśva-arca-vidhi]: [...] Then the narration turns to some general concerns of building a temple: the temple is to honour these various deities in its various parts—hence the temple reflects the whole universe. [...] The sthāna-apartments of the parivāradevatā-gods ordinarily are to be lower in height and placement than the abode of the Lord Himself—but the site selected for a temple determines this (60-79). When worship is done by a qualified person in a temple with faith, he achieves salvation; but this worship should follow routine rules of procedure (80-84a). [...]
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to “location, building §§ 4.14; 5.9.”.—(For paragraphs cf. Les enseignements architecturaux de l'Ajitāgama et du Rauravāgama by Bruno Dagens)
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to a “place” (for ascetics), according to the Piṅgalāmata (verse 10.93-128).— Accordingly, [while describing the pura on a 9-by-9-plan and the 32 padas]—“At Gṛhakṣata one should set up [a storeroom for] bows, arrows, swords, and other weapons. At Yama there should be a place (sthāna) for ascetics to achieve contemplation of the self. Singers are stationed at Gandharva. At Bhṛṅga is a hall for the exposition [of the śāstras]. Or one may construct a large maṭha on the four [positions] which are Gṛhakṣata and [Yama, Gandharva and Bhṛṅga]”.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Sthāna (स्थान) is a Sanskrit technical term translating to “state”. It is used throughout Dharmaśāstra literature such as the Manusmṛti.
Sthāna (स्थान) is a Sanskrit technical term, used in warfare, referring to the “stability” (of the king). The word is used throughout Dharmaśāstra literature. (see the Nītiprakāśikā 8.86).
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
1) Sthāna (स्थान) refers to a “place (residence)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.13 (“Śiva-Pārvatī dialogue”).—Accordingly, after Śiva permitted Pārvatī to stay by his side: “[...] Sometimes accompanied by her maids, she sang exquisite songs of good note that increased love in the hermitage of Śiva. Sometimes she brought Kuśa grass, flowers and sacrificial twigs. Sometimes, assisted by her maids, she scrubbed and cleaned the place [i.e., sthāna-saṃskāra]. Sometimes she stayed in the house of the moon-crescent lord, pure and holy. Sometimes she used to gaze at the lord lovingly and with surprise. [...]”.
2) Sthāna (स्थान) refers to the “spot of worship (during festival days)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 5.5 (“The Great Sins”).—Accordingly, as Sanatkumāra said: “The following too are great sins and those who commit them are great sinners. Those who do not take delight on seeing a well-arranged worship of Śiva, who do not bow to or eulogise it on seeing his phallic image that is worshipped, those who do not scrub, clean and sanctify the spot of worship [i.e., sthāna-saṃskāra] during festival days; those who do not duly cooperate with the preceptor in their sacred rites. [...]”.
1a) Sthāna (स्थान).—A Śukha god.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 1. 19.
1b) A mukhya gaṇa.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 100. 19.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Sthāna (स्थान).—Place of articulation; place of the production of sound, which is one of the chief factors in the production of sound; cf. अनुप्रदानात् संसर्गात् स्थानात् करणविन्ययात् । जायते वर्ण-वैशेष्यं परीमाणाच्च पञ्चमात् (anupradānāt saṃsargāt sthānāt karaṇavinyayāt | jāyate varṇa-vaiśeṣyaṃ parīmāṇācca pañcamāt), T.Pr. XXIII. 2. Generally there are given five places of the production of sound viz. कण्ठ, तालु, मूर्धन्, दन्त (kaṇṭha, tālu, mūrdhan, danta) and ओष्ठ (oṣṭha), respectively for the articulation of guttural, palatal cerebral, dental and labial letters and नासिका (nāsikā) as an additional one for the articulation of the nasal consonants ञू, मू,ङू, णू (ñū, mū, ṅū, ṇū) and नू (nū) For the Jihvamuliya sound (क), जिंह्वामूल (jiṃhvāmūla) is given as a specific one. For details and minor differences of views, see T. Pr. III, R. Pr. 1.18 to 20,R. T. 2-10; V. Pr. I. 65 to 84 and M. Bh, on P. I. 1. 9. (2) place, substratum, which is generally understood as the sense of the genitive case-affix in rules which prescribe substitutes; cf. षष्ठी स्थोनोयागा (ṣaṣṭhī sthonoyāgā). P. I. 1. 49.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)
Sthāna (स्थान) is a synonym for Deśa (“region”), according to the second chapter (dharaṇyādi-varga) of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu (an Ayurvedic encyclopedia). The Dharaṇyādi-varga covers the lands [viz., Sthāna], soil, mountains, jungles and vegetation’s relations between trees and plants and substances, with their various kinds.
Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to the “location where the (snake) bite occurs”, as taught in the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā, which represents the Ayurvedic study on Toxicology (Agadatantra or Sarpavidyā).—The Kāśyapasaṃhitā mentions that snake-bites that happen in certain places like a deserted house, ant-hill in a garden, twilight (both), graveyard, meeting point of rivers, islands, meeting point of four streets, building, dense bamboo thicket, lotus, mountain top, opening of holes, an unused well, heaps of stones, in places where there are Śigru, Śleṣmātaka, Jambu, Audumbara, Venu and Vaṭa groves and dilapdated buildings are highly inimical to the victim.
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to an “elephant-stall” (which should be cool in the summer season), according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 11, “34. No taking to the road (travel), active pouring on the head of bags full of water, and anointing the head morning, noon, and night with the butter called ‘hundred-fold purified’; contact with the rays of the moon, tending with grits mixed with jaggery and butter, a cool stall (sthāna), play in water and mud—this is the regimen for the summer [sthānaṃ śītalamambupaṅkavihṛtiḥ so'yaṃ vidhirgraiṣmikaḥ]”.
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Sthāna (स्थान) or Sthānasamaśraya refers to the “stage of localization (of fever)”, according to the Jvaranirṇaya: an Ayurvedic manuscript dealing exclusively with types of jvara (fevers) written by Sri Nārāyaṇa Paṇḍita in the 16th century CE.—The Upotghāta-prakaraṇa is the introductory section of the manuscript which deals with the evaluation of the disease with the help of six evaluating factors (ṣaḍnidāna) emphasising upaśaya (relieving factors). [...] The causes for endogenous fevers (nija-jvara) are explained in different stages like: [e.g., stage of localization (sthāna-samaśraya)] [...]
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Sthāna (स्थान) or Āsana refers to “postures”, as defined in treatises such as the Pāñcarātra, Pādmasaṃhitā and Vaikhānasa-āgamas, extensively dealing with the technical features of temple art, iconography and architecture in Vaishnavism.
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to “place” (a number of types of ‘locations’), according to Abhinava’s Tantrāloka verse 6.2-4.—Accordingly, “The places are said to be of three kinds: in the vital breath, in the body and outside (the body). The breath is five-fold in the body. (Thus, place) is of two kinds, according to whether it is outside (the body) or within (it). The external (places) are the maṇḍala, the sacrificial ground (sthaṇḍila), the (sacrificial) vessel (pātra), the rosary (akṣasūtra), the book (pustaka), the Liṅga, the skull (tūra), the cloth (paṭa), the image (made of papier-mâché) (pusta), the idol (pratimā), and the divine effigy (mūrti). Thus the outer (place) is of eleven kinds (each which are of) countless varieties. ”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to the “place” (of the planets), according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 2), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “And in horoscopy, the Jyotiṣaka must know such divisions of space as rāśi (a sign of Zodiac or a space of 30°), horā (15° or half a sign), drekkana (10° or one third of a sign), navāṃśaka (3° 20' or one-ninth of a sign), dvādaśāṃśaka (2° 30' or one twelfth of a sign), triṃśāṃśaka (one-thirtieth of a sign), and their strength or weakness considered horoscopically; he must know the horoscopic strength of the planets with respect to their Dik (direction), Sthāna (place), Kāla, (time) Ceṭā (motions, conjunctions and the like)”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Sthāna (स्थान) or Sthānaguru refers to the “local (Master)”, as mentioned in the Malhar or Junwani copper plate inscription (647CE, see Bakker 2000 and 2015; Sanderson 2012).—Accordingly, “[…] reaching the present Kali age, the venerable Lord Lakulīśa took up an incarnation and was born in the family of a Brahmin called Somaśarman. He was initiated into the Great Observance by him (?) [and became] the Moon of the World (jagadindu). Then by him, Musalīśa [was initiated], then, by the unbroken tradition starting with Soma, the local Master (sthāna-guru) Rudrasoma, his disciple Tejasoma, whose pupil is the venerable Bhīmasoma […]”.
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to the “place”, according to the Netratantroddyota commentary on the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 4.5cd-6, while describing the purification process of the initiand]—“[...] [After that,] the place (sthāna) is established. [The Mantrin] fuses the consciousness of his disciple with the mantra. Then, together with the disciple’s consciousness, [the Mantrin] causes [that consciousness] to enter into his own heart, raises it to dvādaśānta, then projects it [back] into the heart of the Śiṣya. Tatsthitam is to be analyzed as that standing (sthāna) [i.e., the Śiṣya’s consciousness brought to rest in the Śiṣya’s heart]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to a “portion” in the methods of Varga (“square”), which represents one of the twenty operations (logistics) of pāṭīgaṇita (“science of calculation which requires the use of writing material—the board”), according to Pṛthudakasvāmī’s commentary on the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta by Brahmagupta, a Sanskrit treatise on ancient Indian mathematics (gaṇita-śāstra) and astronomy from the 7th century.—According to Mahāvīra in the Gaṇitasārasaṃgraha: “The sum of the squares of the two or more portions (sthāna) of the number together with their products each with the others multiplied by two gives the square”.
Note: The word sthāna has been used in the original. This word has been generally used in the sense of ‘notational place’. Following the commentator, we have rendered it by ‘portion’. As a given number, say, 125, can be broken into parts as 50+40+35 or as 100+20+5, an d as the rule applies to both, it is immaterial whether the word ‘sthāna’ is translated by ‘place’ or ‘portion’. This rule appears to have been given as an explanation of the Hindu method of squaring used with the place-value numerals.
Ganita (गणित) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
Gitashastra (science of music)
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to the “place of articulation of sound”.—During the practise of Vocal Music, the proper production of the concerned sound is always considered as very important. Sthāna or ucchāraṇasthāna is the place of articulation of sound.
Bhattojidīkṣita in his Siddhāntakaumudī said about ten kinds of sthāna (i.e., the organs of utterance).
- kaṇṭha i.e., throat,
- tālu i.e., palate,
- mūrdha i.e., the forehead,
- danta i.e., teeth,
- oṣṭha i.e., lips,
- nāsikā i.e., nose,
- kaṇṭhatālu,
- kaṇṭhoṣṭha,
- dantoṣṭha and
- anusvāra.
The Saṃgītaratnākara accepts five kinds of sthānas. These are—
- nābhi i.e., navel,
- hṛd i.e., heart,
- kaṇṭha i.e., throat,
- mūrdhā i.e., head and
- āsya i.e., mouth.
The Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa accepts only three sthānas viz.,
- uras i.e., chest,
- kaṇṭha i.e., throat and
- śiras i.e., head.
In this context the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa seems to follow the Nāradīyasikṣā as this work also accepts three kinds of sthānas. According to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, three kinds of scales or octaves viz., mandra i.e., low pitch, madhya i.e., medium pitch and tāra i.e., high pitch are there in Music and these three kinds of octaves occur from the three respective sthānas viz., chest, throat and head.
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to the “anatomical places of origin” in other words the “physiological places of origin of the seven svaras”, according to the Kohalamatam, one of the works ascribed to Kohala—a celebrated authority of the ancient period along with others such as Bharata, Yāṣṭika, Śārdūla, Kāśyapa etc.—Kohalamatam has dealt with the aspect of svara in great detail. There is a mine of information regarding various aspects of the seven svaras, from their origin in the sāmaveda to the division of svaras in to the twelve zodiac signs. There is a lot of material that overlaps with other lakṣaṇagranthas, but this is perhaps one work that goes into such detail just about svaras. Some of the aspects regarding svara are [for example, sthāna (physiological places of origin of the svaras) and śruti values of the seven svaras].
Gitashastra (गीतशास्त्र, gītaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of Music (gita or samgita), which is traditionally divided in Vocal music, Instrumental music and Dance (under the jurisdiction of music). The different elements and technical terms are explained in a wide range of (often Sanskrit) literature.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
1) Sthāna (स्थान) refers to the “places” (of the five elements in the body), as discussed in chapter 4 (Yogapāda) of the Padmasaṃhitā: the most widely followed of Saṃhitā covering the entire range of concerns of Pāñcarātra doctrine and practice (i.e., the four-fold formulation of subject matter—jñāna, yoga, kriyā and caryā) consisting of roughly 9000 verses.—Description of the chapter [pañcabhūta-sthāna-nirṇaya]:—[...] Bhagavān enumerates the 18 vital parts [marma] and tells in which ones are to be found the five elements [bhūtas]—Earth [pṛthivī] being located in the vital parts of the legs. Water [ap] being located in the vital parts of the lower abdomen, Fire [agni] being located in the vital parts of the stomach. Air [vāyu] being located in the vital parts of the chest, and Ether [ākāśa] being located in the vital parts of the head. [...]
2) Sthāna (स्थान) refer to the “places” or “abodes” (of God), as discussed in chapter 6 of the (fourth section of the) Bṛhadbrahmasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra text containing over 4600 Sanskrit verses dealing primarily with Vaiṣṇava theology and practical matters concerning the Śrī-Vaiṣṇava community but also discussing aspects of Viśiṣṭādvaita philosophy.—Description of the chapter [tattva-niścaya]: [...] Nārāyaṇa, the transcendent One, is always with man to aid him—as, for example, through His avatāra-forms. But He comes even more closely and intimately to man, as He dwells in individuals, as He makes His presence felt among the collective souls, and as He activates the intellect of man. There are three places or abodes (pada / sthāna) of God (96-102).
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Kama-shastra (the science of Love-making)
Sthāna (स्थान) referes to a “seat of honour” (in an assemblage of men), according to the Vātsyāyana’s Kāmasūtra: a Sanskrit text from the 2nd century dealing with eroticism, sexuality and emotional fulfillment in life belonging to Kāmaśāstra (the ancient Indian science of love-making).—Accordingly, “[While defending the standpoint that women should be allowed to learn theoratical science] [...] A female should study alone in private the sixty-four practices, arts and sciences, together with the Kama Sutra. [...] A public woman, endowed with a good disposition, beauty and other winning qualities, and also versed in such arts, obtains the name of a Gaṇikā (i.e., “a public woman of high quality”), and receives a seat of honour (sthāna) in an assemblage of men. [labhate gaṇikāśabdaṃ sthānaṃ ca janasaṃsadi] [...]”.
Kamashastra (कामशास्त्र, kāmaśāstra) deals with ancient Indian science of love-making, passion, emotions and other related topics dealing with the pleasures of the senses.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to “sacred seats”.—The Vajraḍākatantra deals with three types of sacred districts (deśa or kṣetra) or seats (sthāna) of deities:—Type (1): Internal twenty-four seats divided into pīṭhādi and tricakra; Type (2): Twenty-four districts divided into twelve groups or six families; Type (3): Another group of twenty-four districts.
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to “being fixed (high)” (on a mountain), according to the Guru-maṇḍala-arcana [i.e., “Guru Mandala Worship]” ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samādhi, which refers to the primary pūjā and sādhanā practice of Newah Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna Buddhists in Nepal.—Accordingly, “Benevolence, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity. Oṃ the natural state of all conditions is pure... First crossing onto a cremation ground, fixed high (ucca-sthāna) on a mountain, A yogi having all the sacred threads, loose hair, and facing southward, The five ambrosias and lamps, interpolated into the face”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Buddhist philosophy
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to “points” (of defeat), according to Upāyakauśalyahṛdaya, an ancient work on the art of debate composed by Bodhisattva Nāgārjuna.—In Chinese this work is called Fan-pien-sin-lun. It was translated into Chinese by Ci-cia-ye and Than-yao in A.D. 472.—Seeing that the Vaiśeṣika and other systems were obscure in their terminology, Nāgārjuna, it is reported, undertook to write this book to give a clear exposition of the art of debate. The book is divided into four chapters styled respectively as (I) an elucidation of debate (vāda-visadīkaraṇa), (II) an explanation of the points of defeat (nigraha-sthāna), (III) an explanation of the truths (tattva-vyākhyāna), and (IV) the analogue or far-fetched analogy (jāti).
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Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to “standing”, according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter 31).—Accordingly, “[...] Recent suffering (navaduḥkha) is ‘happiness’ (sukha) [in contrast] to the old suffering (pūrvaduḥkha) which is ‘suffering’. Thus, when one sits down one feels happiness, but when this position persists, it gives rise to suffering. At the beginning, walking, standing [i.e., sthāna] and lying down are happiness, but in the end they too are suffering. Whether one is bending or one is stretching, whether one is bowing the head or raising it, whether one looks straight ahead or to the side, whether one is breathing out or breathing in, suffering always follows the body. From conception and birth to death, there is not a single moment of happiness”.
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to “proper” (e.g., ‘one who knows what is proper’), according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “How then, son of good family, does the Bodhisattva appear to many beings performing the deeds of a Buddha (buddhakārya) even when the Buddhas do not appear? Son of good family, (1) the Bodhisattva has perfected the purification of the ten powers by knowing what is proper (sthāna-jñāna) and what is improper; (2) he has perfected the purification of the four fearlessness by knowing the cessation of impurities; (3) he has perfected the purification of the eighteen special qualities of the Tathāgata by knowing the unattached knowledge of the three times; [...]”.
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to a “place” (suitable for a pacification ritual), according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, [As the Bhagavān teaches a pacification ritual]: “A pacification rite should be performed at four places in the field. [...] One should paint the glorious Buddha, Agastya Ṛṣi and Vajradhara and it should be mounted at the top of a flagstaff (ucca-sthāna) in an elevated place. Flowers and incense of offering should be given. A stake made of khadira wood measuring eight aṅgulas should be [enchanted] a thousand times and driven into the ground on the top of a dwelling. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to one of the twelve limbs of the internal-corpus (aṅga-praviṣṭa). The Aṅgapraviṣṭa refers to one of the two types of scriptural knowledge (śruta), which refers to one of the five types of knowledge (jñāna). according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 1.20, “scriptural knowledge (śruta) preceded by sensory knowledge (mati) is of two, or of twelve (e.g., sthāna) or of many kinds”.
Sthāna (स्थान, “state”).—One of the seven sub categories of ascetics (nirgrantha-muni);—What is the meaning of state /condition (sthāna) here? Here it implies the state of self-restraint. How many states of self-control are there? There are innumerable states of self-control induced by passions. How can the passion induced states of self control be innumerable? The continuous upgrade/ increase or downgrade /decrease of the passions cause innumerable states of passions. As self controlled is directly affected by passions, the states of self control also become innumerable due to the state of the passions.
What is the state (sthāna) of husk (pulāka) and kaṣāya-kuśīla ascetics? They have the minimum states attained. What is the meaning of lowest state of attainment? The lowest state of self control found in husk and kaṣāya-kuśīla ascetics is called the lowest state of attainment.
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to the “place (of the arising)” (of the taste for the constant happiness), according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “The doctrine is able to produce the happiness which is the best part of the city of the chief of the snakes. The doctrine is the great joy conveyed to the world of mortals for those possessing a desire for that. The doctrine is the place [com.—sthāna] of the arising of the taste for the constant happiness in the city of heaven. Does not the doctrine make a man fit for pleasure with a woman [in the form] of liberation?”.
Synonyms: Āspada, Mandira, Geha, Gṛha, Nilaya.
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to the “twenty-one points relating to the 24 Tīrthaṃkaras’ bio-data”, according to the Ekaviṃśatisthānaka (dealing with the Ethics section of Jain Canonical literature), which is included in the collection of manuscripts at the ‘Vincenzo Joppi’ library, collected by Luigi Pio Tessitori during his visit to Rajasthan between 1914 and 1919.
The twenty-one sthānas are:
1) Abode in the last but one existence,
2) Town of birth,
3) Father’s name,
4) Mother’s name,
5) Constellation,
6) Zodiac sign,
7) Emblem,
8) Size of the body,
9) Duration of life,
10) Colour,
11) Interval,
12) Initiation,
13) Penance,
14) Breaking of fasts,
15) Omniscience,
16) Number of leading disciples,
17) Of monks,
18) Of nuns,
19) Yakṣa,
20) Goddesses,
21) Place of emancipation.
Sthāna (स्थान) refers to “location”, as taught in the Paṇhavāgaraṇa (Sanskrit: Praśnavyākaraṇa): the tenth Anga of the Jain canon which deals with the prophetic explanation of queries regarding divination.—The Praśnavyākaraṇa deals with the praśnavidyā in a rather complex way. It is divided into at least 33 short chapters [e.g., sthāna-prakaraṇa], some of which are further divided into sub-chapters. Some contents of the text, mainly those related with articulation and pronunciation can have significance far beyond the scope of the praśnavidyā.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Sthāna.—(EI 8), residence. (IE 8-4; SITI), literally, ‘a place’; abbreviation of deva- sthāna or a temple; sometimes suffixed to names of localities. Cf. bhagavato…sthāne (Lu7ders, Mathurā Ins., p. 62, text lines 2-3). (LL), also sthānaka, a temple; cf. Sthānika, Sthānattār. (SII 1), a shrine; cf. mahāsthāna, a great temple. (IA 3), a Bhūta temple. Cf. tāna-mānam (SITI), dignity or honour attached to a status or office. Cf. siṃha-sthāna (LL), same as siṃha-asana. (SII 11-1), cf. Kannaḍa thāna; name of a geographical unit. Note: sthāna is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
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Sthāna.—(CII 4), a superintendent cf. Sthānapāla, etc. (EI 9), cf. ‘officer in charge of the sthānas.’ Note: sthāna is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
Sthana refers to: “Residence of Shaiva spiritual teachers”.—It is included in the glossary section of the “Cultural study of Jayasimha II (based on inscriptions)”. This essay aims to present the life, religion, economics and ethics of the people during the time of Chalukya Jayasimha II.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
sthāna (स्थान).—n (S) A place in general, a spot. 2 Situation, site, local position. 3 Place, figuratively; the fit period, season, juncture, occasion; the opportune or appropriate point (of time, space, or in any connection or relation of nature, order &c.) 4 Stead, room, lieu, place.
sthāna (स्थान).—n A place; situation. Stead, room.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Sthāna (स्थान).—[sthā-lyuṭ]
1) The act of standing or remaining, stay, continuance, residence; न किल भवतां देव्याः स्थानं गृहेऽभिमतं ततः (na kila bhavatāṃ devyāḥ sthānaṃ gṛhe'bhimataṃ tataḥ) Uttararāmacarita 3.32.
2) Being fixed or stationary.
3) A state, condition; स्थानत्रयात्परं प्राप्तं ब्रह्मभूतमविक्रियम् (sthānatrayātparaṃ prāptaṃ brahmabhūtamavikriyam) Bhāgavata 1.18.26.
4) A place, spot, site, locality; अक्षमालामदत्त्वास्मात्स्थानात्पदात्पदमपि न गन्तव्यम् (akṣamālāmadattvāsmātsthānātpadātpadamapi na gantavyam) K.
5) Station, situation, position.
6) Relation, capacity; पितृस्थाने (pitṛsthāne) 'in the place or capacity of a father'; भक्ष्यस्थाने (bhakṣyasthāne) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 2.26.
7) An abode, a house, dwelling-house; स एव (sa eva) (nakraḥ) प्रच्युतः स्थानाच्छुनापि परिभूयते (pracyutaḥ sthānācchunāpi paribhūyate) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 3.46.
8) (a) A country, region, district. (b) A town, city.
9) Office, rank, dignity; अमात्यस्थाने नियोजितः (amātyasthāne niyojitaḥ).
1) Object; गुणाः पूजास्थानं गुणिषु न च लिङ्गं न च वयः (guṇāḥ pūjāsthānaṃ guṇiṣu na ca liṅgaṃ na ca vayaḥ) Uttararāmacarita 4.11.
11) An occasion, a matter, subject, cause; पराभ्यूहस्थानाःयपि तनुतराणि स्थगयति (parābhyūhasthānāḥyapi tanutarāṇi sthagayati) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 1.14; स्थानं जरापरिभवस्य तदेव पुंसाम् (sthānaṃ jarāparibhavasya tadeva puṃsām) Subhāṣ; so कलह°, कोप°, विवाद° (kalaha°, kopa°, vivāda°) &c.
12) A fit or proper place; स्थानेष्वेव नियोज्यन्ते भृत्याश्चाभरणानि च (sthāneṣveva niyojyante bhṛtyāścābharaṇāni ca) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1.72.
13) A fit or worthy object; स्थाने खलु सज्जति दृष्टिः (sthāne khalu sajjati dṛṣṭiḥ) M.1; see स्थाने (sthāne) also.
14) The place or organ of utterance of any letter; (these are eight :-aṣṭau sthānāni varṇānāmuraḥ kaṇṭhaḥ śirastathā | jihvāmūlaṃ ca dantāśca nāsikauṣṭhau ca tālu ca Śik.13.)
15) A holy place.
16) An altar.
17) A place in a town, square, court.
18) The place or sphere assigned after death to persons according as they perform or neglect their prescribed duties.
19) (In politics, war &c.) The firm attitude or bearing of troops, standing firm so as to repel a charge; स्थाने युद्धे च कुशलानभीरुनविकारिणः (sthāne yuddhe ca kuśalānabhīrunavikāriṇaḥ) Manusmṛti 7.19.
2) A halt.
21) A stationary condition, a neutral or middle state; स्थानं वृद्धिः क्षयश्चैव त्रिवर्गश्चैव दण्डजः (sthānaṃ vṛddhiḥ kṣayaścaiva trivargaścaiva daṇḍajaḥ) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.59. 31.
22) That which constitutes the chief strength or the very existence of a kingdom, a stamina of a kingdom; i.e. army, treasure, town, and territory; Manusmṛti 7. 56 (where Kull. renders sthānaṃ by daṇḍakoṣapurarāṣṭrātmakaṃ caturvidham).
23) Likeness, resemblance.
24) Part or division of a work, section, chapter &c.
25) The character or part of an actor.
26) Interval, opportunity, leisure.
27) (In music) A note, tone, modulation of the voice; तौ तु गान्धर्वतत्त्वज्ञौ स्थानमूर्च्छनकोविदौ (tau tu gāndharvatattvajñau sthānamūrcchanakovidau) Rām.1.4.1 (com.- 'yadūrdhvaṃ hṛdayagranthe kapolaphalakādadhaḥ | prāṇasaṃcāraṇasthānaṃ sthānamityabhi- dhīyate ||...... iti śāṇḍilyaḥ).
28) A pose, posture (of archers etc.).
29) An order of the life (āśrama); मैत्रेयीति होवाच याज्ञवल्क्य उद्यास्यन्वा अरेऽहमस्मात् स्थानादस्मि (maitreyīti hovāca yājñavalkya udyāsyanvā are'hamasmāt sthānādasmi) Bṛ. Up.2. 4.1.
3) Ground (bhūmi); स्थानासनिनो भूमि-पाषाण-सिकता- शर्करा-वालुका-भस्मशायिनः (sthānāsanino bhūmi-pāṣāṇa-sikatā- śarkarā-vālukā-bhasmaśāyinaḥ) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.192.1.
31) Sustenance, maintenance; यच्चेदं प्रभवः स्थानं भूतानां संयमो यमः । स्वभावेनैव वर्तन्ते द्वन्द्वसृष्टानि भूरिशः (yaccedaṃ prabhavaḥ sthānaṃ bhūtānāṃ saṃyamo yamaḥ | svabhāvenaiva vartante dvandvasṛṣṭāni bhūriśaḥ) || Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.238.2 (com. sthānaṃ poṣaṇam).
32) A mode or attitude in fighting; अस्त्रयन्त्राणि चित्राणि स्थानानि विविधानि च (astrayantrāṇi citrāṇi sthānāni vividhāni ca) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 9.57.18.
33) Storage (of goods); आगमं निर्गमं स्थानं तथा वृद्धिक्षयावुभौ । विचार्य सर्वपण्यानां कारयेत् क्रयविक्रयौ (āgamaṃ nirgamaṃ sthānaṃ tathā vṛddhikṣayāvubhau | vicārya sarvapaṇyānāṃ kārayet krayavikrayau) || Manusmṛti 8.41.
34) A state of perfect tranquillity.
35) Any organ of sense.
36) Shape, form, appearance (as of the moon).
37) An astronomical mansion.
Derivable forms: sthānam (स्थानम्).
Sthāna (स्थान).—nt. (in all these mgs. = Pali ṭhāna, but hardly Sanskrit sthāna except as indicated below), (1) point, matter, subject: (anyāṃ devāṃ) divyehi daśahi sthānehi abhibhavati, divyenāyuṣā (so with varṇena, sukhena, aiśvaryeṇa, parivāreṇa; rūpeṇa, divyehi śabdehi, gandhehi, rasehi, praṣṭavyehi) Mahāvastu i.337.15; similarly ii.190.13 (rūpehi for rūpeṇa, sparśehi for praṣṭavyehi); similarly Pali SN iv.275.2 (et alibi; here, dibbena āyunā, then vaṇṇena, sukhena, yasena, adhipateyyena; dibbehi rūpehi, saddehi, gandhehi, rasehi, phoṭṭhabbehi); in Mahāvastu iii.302.5, same with only pañcahi sthānehi, the first five above; five vidyāsthāna, see this, also called simply sthānāni, points, subjects (of learning); the fifth of these is śilpa(karma)- sthānavidyā, compare Divyāvadāna 109.21 (kuśalā) Bodhisattvāḥ teṣu teṣu śilpasthānakarmasthāneṣu,…in various matters of arts and crafts; also Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchā 41.13 sarvaśilpasthānakarma- sthāna-vidhijñāḥ; in Karmavibhaṅga (and Karmavibhaṅgopadeśa) 64.7 mātāpitaraḥ pañca sthānāni pratyanuśaṃsamānāḥ (expecting five matters) putram icchanti, some other group than the vidyā-sthānāni must be meant, perhaps the five ānisaṃsā of a virtuous man as in Pali Dīghanikāya (Pali) ii.86.1 ff.; durdṛśam imaṃ sthānaṃ (hard to see thru is this subject), yad…pratītyasamutpādaḥ Mahāvastu iii.314.4; (paravipattiḥ) saṃvejanīyaṃ sthānaṃ Divyāvadāna 432.16, a matter that should be shuddered at; anākhyātam idaṃ sthānam Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 230.8—9, an article (of creed) not yet made known (Kern); dharma-nigūḍha-sthānam 233.12, secret article of the doctrine; anyatamānyatamat sthānam adhyāpadya Bhikṣuṇī-karmavācanā 23b.4, having violated one or another point (item, of the code of conduct); 24a.1; evaṃrūpaṃ sthānaṃ nādhyāpatsyasc 24b.5; asmin sthāne, in (on) this point, subject, matter, Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 317.3; 318.11 (tathāgataḥ khalv asmin sthāne, on this subject, 'saṃpramoṣadharmā; Kern here wrongly in his position); atra sthāne 323.4; (2) much as in Sanskrit ([Boehtlingk and Roth] s.v. sthāna, 1 w), underlying condition, occasion, virtually cause (compare Pali Dīghanikāya (Pali) commentary i.77.32 ṭhānaṃ vuccati kāraṇaṃ): trayāṇāṃ sthānānāṃ saṃmukhībhāvāt (as a result of the presence of three things, conditions) putrā jāyante duhitaraś ca Divyāvadāna 1.12, 15; (ṣaṇṇāṃ) sthānānām āścaryādbhuto loke prādurbhāvaḥ Avadāna-śataka ii.55.2, of six conditions (or causes) is a marvelous and miraculous appearance in the world (they are then listed; the first is a Tathāgata, who in the story has just performed a miracle); na pramādasthānam asyopasaṃharati Bodhisattvabhūmi 15.24, he does not produce for him an occasion for heedless- ness; kaukṛtya-sthānaṃ Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 287.2, see kaukṛtya; (3) basis, cause, so organ, implement: tenaikaṃ daṇḍasthānaṃ pre- ṣitam Divyāvadāna 531.11, he sent out an instrument of punish- ment = a punitive force or expedition (Index, an army corps; not plausible); similarly Mūla-Sarvāstivāda-Vinaya ii.71.16; (4) in [compound] sthānāsthāna, (skandha-dhātv-āyatana-pratītyasamutpā- da-)-sthānāsthāna- Bodhisattvabhūmi 4.8, either possibilities and im- possibilities (see 5 below), or sound and unsound pro- positions or conclusions (regarding…), and so in other cases, see s.v. asthāna; in Pali Critical Pali Dictionary s.v. aṭṭhāna, and [Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary] s.v. ṭhāna(ṭṭhāna); (5) occasion, hence possibility: sthānam etad vidyati yaṃ (it is quite possible that) ete mama (acc.) jīvitāto vyaparopayitvā (°pitvā, mss.)… Mahāvastu i.350.11; sthānam etaṃ vidyati yaṃ Sudarśanā upa- krameṇa ātmānaṃ māreyā ii.448.12; sthānam etad vidyate yat…Divyāvadāna 109.14; 159.28; 175.27; 228.12; 273.16; 512.5; Gaṇḍavyūha 404.23, etc., common; (without yad) sthānaṃ (one ms. adds ca) me…Sudarśanā paribhavati Mahāvastu ii.491.19 (so mss., which however are confused); with neg. (compare Pali n' etaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati), referring to following, na etaṃ sthāna (so read with v.l., m.c.) vidyati, yatra…Mahāvastu iii.46.2 (verse); but usually to preceding, nedaṃ sthānaṃ vidyate Vajracchedikā 34.8; (Ārya-)Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 395.3; naitat sth° vi° Daśabhūmikasūtra 25.16; [Page610-b+ 71] sthānam etan na saṃvidyate Lalitavistara 215.19 (verse); iti naitat sthānaṃ vidyate Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 333.9.
Sthāna (स्थान).—n.
(-naṃ) 1. Place, spot, site, situation. 2. Stay, staying, continuance, being fixed or stationary and exempt, from increase or diminution. 3. Likeness, resemblance. 4. Leisure, interval. 5. An open place in a town, a green, a plain, a square. 6. A house, a dwelling. 7. A section, a chapter, a book. 8. One of the three objects of government, the middle state, as neither loss nor gain, nor discomfiture nor success, nor expenditure nor accumulation, &c. 9. A town, a city. 10. Office, appointment. 11. Degree, station. 12. Halt. 13. Firmness of troops, keeping in array. 14. The act of standing firm so as to resist a charge. 15. State, condition. 16. The stamina of a kingdom, regarded as consisting of four parts, viz:—Army, treasury, city, and territory. 17. Proper or right place. 18. Country, region, district. 19. Any place or sphere assigned after death to men according as they do their duty or neglect it. 20. A holy place. 21. An altar. 22. An open place in a town. 23. The part or character of an actor. 24. An object. 25. A worthy or proper object. 26. Object, point, place. 27. A modulation of voice, note, tone. 28. Intimation, indication. E. ṣṭhā to stay, to be fixed, aff. lyuṭ .
Sthāna (स्थान).—i. e. sthā + ana, I. n. 1. Staying, Lass, 28, 10; stay, state, [Uttara Rāmacarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 51, 5; [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 7, 56 (forces); position, [Hitopadeśa] i. [distich] 51, M. M. 2. Middle state, as neither loss nor gain (equality), calmness, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 52, 2 (corr. nahi me jīvitaṃ sthāne, My life, i. e. my whole being, is disquieted). 3. Firmness of troops. 4. Keeping in array. 5. Halt. 6. Place, [Pañcatantra] 133, 5; 37, 8; a holy place,
Sthāna (स्थान).—[neuter] standing, remaining, abiding, not budging; continuation, duration; state. condition, position, rank, dignity; shape, form, appearance; sphere, domain, province; abode, place, seat, home, stead ([locative] [with] [genetive] or —° instead of); proper place or time, occasion or object for ([genetive] or —°); place of articulation, organ ([grammar]); the (4) stamina of a kingdom (treasury etc.).
1) Sthāna (स्थान):—[from sthā] a n. (also said to be m., [Siddhānta-kaumudī]) the act of standing, standing firmly, being fixed or stationary, [Atharva-veda] etc. etc.
2) [v.s. ...] position or posture of the body (in shooting etc.), [Rāmāyaṇa]
3) [v.s. ...] staying, abiding, being in or on ([locative case] or [compound]), [Daśakumāra-carita; Kāmandakīya-nītisāra; Harivaṃśa; Sāhitya-darpaṇa]
4) [v.s. ...] storing-place or storage (of goods), [Manu-smṛti viii, 401]
5) [v.s. ...] firm bearing (of troops), sustaining a charge (as opp. to yuddha, ‘charging’), [ib. vii, 190]
6) [v.s. ...] state, condition (ifc. = ‘being in the state of’), [Upaniṣad; Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
7) [v.s. ...] continued existence, continuance in the same state (id est. in a kind of neutral state unmarked by loss or gain), continuing as or as long as (with [instrumental case]), [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa; Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
8) [v.s. ...] a state of perfect tranquillity, [Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]
9) [v.s. ...] station, rank, office, appointment, dignity, degree, [Maitrī-upaniṣad; Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
10) [v.s. ...] place of standing or staying, any place, spot, locality, abode, dwelling, house, site (sthāne sthāne or sthāne sthāneṣu, ‘in different places’, ‘here and there’), [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.
11) [v.s. ...] place or room, stead (sthāne with [genitive case] or ifc. ‘in place of’, ‘instead of’, ‘in lieu of’; ripu-sthāne-√vṛt, ‘to act in the place of an enemy’; vilocana-sthāna-gata, ‘acting the part of eyes’; also sthāna ifc. = ‘taking the place of’, ‘acting as’, ‘representing’ or ‘represented by’ e.g. pitṛ-sth, ‘acting as a father’ or ‘represented by a f°’; iyaṅ-uvaṅ-sthāna, ‘repr° by iy or uv’ [as ī and ū, [Pāṇini 1-4, 4]]; in Pāṇini’s grammar the [genitive case] case is often used alone, when the word sthāne has to be supplied e.g. hanter jaḥ, ‘ja is to be substituted in place of han’, [i, 1, 49]), [Aitareya-brāhmaṇa; Gṛhya-sūtra and śrauta-sūtra] etc.
12) [v.s. ...] place for, receptacle of ([genitive case]), [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
13) [v.s. ...] proper or right place (sthāne, ‘in the right place or at the right time, seasonably, justly’), [Pañcaviṃśa-brāhmaṇa] etc. etc. (cf. [gana] svar-ādi)
14) [v.s. ...] province, region, domain, sphere (of gods or virtuous men; said to be in one of three places, viz. ‘earth’ or ‘atmosphere’ or ‘heaven’; [according to] to some that of virtuous Brāhmans is called Prājāpatya; of Kṣatriyas, Aindra; of Vaiśyas, Māruta; of Śūdras, Gāndharva), [Nirukta, by Yāska; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
15) [v.s. ...] the main support or strength or chief constituent of a kingdom (said to be four, viz. ‘army’, ‘treasury’, ‘city’, ‘territory’), [Manu-smṛti vii, 56]
16) [v.s. ...] a stronghold, fortress, [Pañcatantra]
17) [v.s. ...] the place or organ of utterance of any sound (said to be 8 in number, viz. kaṇṭha, ‘throat’; tālu, ‘palate’; mūrdhan, ‘top of palate’; danta, ‘teeth’; oṣṭha, ‘lips’; kaṇṭha-tālu, ‘throat and palate’; kaṇṭh-oṣṭha, ‘throat and lips’; dant-oṣṭha, ‘teeth and lips’; to which are added nāsikā, ‘nose’, said to be the place of utterance of true Anusvāra, and uras, ‘chest’, of Visarga), [Pāṇini 1-9 [Scholiast or Commentator]; Prātiśākhya; Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]
18) [v.s. ...] any organ of sense (e.g. the eye), [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
19) [v.s. ...] the pitch or key of the voice, note, tone (of which [according to] to [Ṛgveda-prātiśākhya], there are three [see mandra], or [according to] to [Taittirīya-prātiśākhya], seven; vīnā cyutā sthānāt, ‘a lute out of tune’), [???; Prātiśākhya; Mahābhārata] etc.
20) [v.s. ...] shape, form, appearance (as of the moon), [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
21) [v.s. ...] the part or character of an actor, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
22) [v.s. ...] case, occurrence (nedaṃ sthānaṃ vidyate, ‘this case does not occur’), [Yājñavalkya; Pañcatantra; Vajracchedikā]
23) [v.s. ...] occasion, opportunity for ([genitive case] or [compound]; ne ind. ‘occasionally’), [???; Mahābhārata] etc.
24) [v.s. ...] cause or object of ([genitive case] or [compound] e.g. śulka-sthāna, ‘an object of toll’; pūjāor mānya-sth, ‘an object of honour’; also applied to persons; ne ind. ‘because of’, ‘on account of’), [Mahābhārata; Pañcatantra; Kathāsaritsāgara]
25) [v.s. ...] a section or division (e.g. of medicine), [Caraka; Suśruta] etc.
26) [v.s. ...] an [astrology] mansion or its subdivision, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
27) [v.s. ...] = kāryotsarga, [Śīlāṅka]
28) [v.s. ...] an open place in a town, plain, square, [Horace H. Wilson]
29) [v.s. ...] a holy place, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
30) [v.s. ...] an altar, [ib.]
31) [v.s. ...] Name of a Gandharva king, [Rāmāyaṇa]
32) b sthānin, sthāpaka, pana etc. See p.1263.
Sthāna (स्थान):—(naṃ) 1. n. Place, situation; stay; a house; a town; a section; interval; likeness; stationary condition or attitude.
Sthāna (स्थान):—(wie eben) m. n. [Siddhāntakaumudī.249,a,9.]
1) n. = sthiti [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 18, 120.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 2, 289.] [Medinīkoṣa Nalopākhyāna 23.] [Halāyudha 5, 51.] = avakāśa [Amarakoṣa] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] = pada, āspada [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 988.] = gṛha u.s.w. [991.] [Halāyudha 2, 136.] = sādṛśya [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] = saṃniveśa [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] = ayana [Halāyudha 4, 77.] a) das Stehen: sthānāsanābhyām [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 6, 22. 59. 11, 224.] prasthitāyāṃ pratiṣṭhethāḥ sthitāyāṃ sthānamācareḥ [Raghuvaṃśa ed. Calc. 1, 90.] rakṣiṇāṃ hyāttaśastrāṇāṃ sthānaṃ paścādvidhīyate [Mahābhārata 4, 110.] dvāri, avaskare [3, 14676.] yūpasya [Aitareyabrāhmaṇa 2, 3.] — b) das Bleiben, Verweilen, Aufenthalt: tavāsminyamunātoye naiva sthānaṃ dadāmyaham . gacchārṇavajalam [Harivaṃśa 3690.] cirāya savidhe priyasya [Sāhityadarpana 59, 8.] das Liegen einer Waare so v. a. Aufbewahrung [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 8, 401.] — c) das Standhalten, Nichtweichen: sthāne yuddhe ca [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 7, 190.] — d) das Bestehen, Fortdauer: jagatsthānanirodhasaṃbhavāḥ [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 1, 5, 20. 2, 5, 12. 7, 39. 10, 1. 3, 26, 46. 4, 30, 23. 5, 18, 5. 7, 7, 24.] nahi me jīvitasthāne (so zu lesen) hṛdayaṃ cāvatiṣṭhate [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 51, 2.] so v. a. status quo (weder Ab— noch Zunahme) [Amarakoṣa 2, 8, 1, 19.] [Medinīkoṣa] [Spr. (II) 5015.] [Mahābhārata 12, 2664.] [Suśruta 1, 153, 10.] a Unbeständigkeit, Vergänglichkeit: śabdasya [Jaimini 1, 7.] — e) das Sichbefinden in, auf: āpadi [KĀM. NĪTIS. 13, 28.] jāti, vayaḥ [19, 7.] srotaāpattimārga, srotaāpattiphala [BURNOUF,] [Intr. 291.] — f) das Bestehen als (instr.): virajenātmanā [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 1, 15, 48.] — g) Zustand: jāgaraṇādīni jīvasthānāni [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 6, 16, 54.] traya [61.] [Weber’s Indische Studien 2, 61.] am Ende eines adj. comp.: jāgarita, svapna, suṣupta sich in dem Zustande des Wachens u. s. w. befindend [Māṇḍūkyopaniṣad 3. fgg.] [NṚS. TĀP. Upakośā] in [Weber’s Indische Studien 9, 125. 133.] [WEBER, Rāmatāpanīya Upaniṣad 338.] — h) vollkommene Ruhe: indriyam . vaśīkṛtya tataḥ kuryāccittasthānaṃ śubhāśrayam .. [SARVADARŚANAS. 178, 1. 2.] — i) Stellung des Körpers: beim Schiessen [Amarakoṣa 2, 8, 2, 53.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 777.] sthānaṃ vīrāsanam [Rāmāyaṇa Gorresio 2, 28, 25.] — k) Stellung, Rang, Würde: sthānādapasaraṇaṃ surāṇām [MAITRYUP. 1, 4.] sa gacchatyuttamaṃ sthānaṃ na cehājāyate punaḥ [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 2, 249. 3, 93.] rājño māhātmikam [5, 94.] aindra [8, 344. 7, 125.] gurusthāne na māṃ niyoktuṃ tvamihārhasi [Mahābhārata 3, 1858. 12, 4294.] pātayitvā rāmaṃ sthānāt [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 43, 5. 106, 22] (bālaḥ sthā zu schreiben und demnach der Artikel bālasthāna zu streichen). sthānāccyāvayedapi vajriṇam [64, 22.] sthānamasmi mahatprāptaḥ [47. 3, 15, 13.] [KĀM. NĪTIS. 5, 5. 10, 3. 6.] [Spr. (II) 4738. 5149.] sthānādvyavaropyate [5674. 6336.] sthānātparibhraṣṭaḥ [6497. 7502.] sthānaṃ pradhānaṃ na balaṃ pradhānaṃ sthānasthitaḥ kāpuruṣo pi siṃhaḥ [7525.] tyāgo narapatīnām [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 4, 15.] prāpti [104, 5.] sthānaṃ prāpnoti [7.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 24, 25] (zugleich Bed. u.) [Dhūrtasamāgama 92, 3.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 3, 19, 29. 5, 19, 23.] [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 1, 165, Scholiast] ripusthāneṣu vartantaḥ die Stellung eines Feindes einnehmend [Spr. (II) 4113.] uccaiḥ adj. [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 7, 121.] — l) Gestalt, Form, Aussehen (vgl. saṃsthānaḥ): des Mondes [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 4, 12.] — m) Standort, Wohnstätte, Ort, Stelle, Platz: i.aṃ hi vāṃ pra.ivi.sthāna.okaḥ [Ṛgveda 5, 76, 4. 7, 70, 1.] yāni.sthānāni da.hāthe di.o ya.vīṣvoṣadhīṣu vi.ṣu [3.] [Vālakhilya 11, 6.] [Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 2, 8.] parama [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 2, 6, 4, 9. 11, 1, 6, 16. 14, 5, 4, 1.] idaṃ ca paralokasthānaṃ ca [7, 1, 9.] [Praśnopaniṣad 3, 12.] [ŚVETĀŚV. Upakośā 5, 11.] aindra [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 5, 93.] svāyaṃbhuva [Mahābhārata 13, 1809.] rājā kṛtvā pure sthānaṃ brāhmaṇānnyasya tatra tu [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 2, 185.] [Mahābhārata 5, 7523.] iha sthāne [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 47, 13.] sthitaḥ sthāna ekasmin [?63, 24 (65, 29 Gorresio). Rāmāyaṇa Gorresio 2, 59, 10. 3, 35, 65 (37, 10. 60, 30). Suśruta 1, 21, 18. 169, 11. Meghadūta 14. Śākuntala 28. 102. 41, 11. Vikramorvaśī 3, 9. 71, 11. 43. Spr. (II) 2100. 2107, v. l. 5958. 6033.] sthānamutsṛjya gacchanti siṃhāḥ satpuruṣā gajāḥ [7224.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 4, 4. 11, 6. 45, 16. 48, 77. 51, 1. 2. 53, 109. 55, 12. 86, 62.] sthānaṃ rājagṛhaṃ nāma [Kathāsaritsāgara 3, 7. 18, 130.] sthānādyayau gṛham [40, 31.] [Rājataraṅgiṇī 1, 116] (sthānam zu lesen). [?2, 57. 5, 90. 297. 6, 183. Bhāgavatapurāṇa 1, 4, 3. 17, 37. 40. 3, 12, 11. 13, 14. 22, 31. 5, 13, 12. Dhūrtasamāgama 76, 4. 89, 4. SARVADARŚANAS. 13, 9. 12. fg. Pañcatantra 37, 8. 47, 18. 64, 8. 85, 22. Hitopadeśa 25, 19. Vetālapañcaviṃśati in Lassen’s Anthologie (III) 2, 2. Inschr. in Journ. of the Am. Or. S. 6, 512, 1 v. u.] sthāne sthāne an verschiedenen Orten, hier und da [Spr. (II) 4368.] [Rājataraṅgiṇī 2, 131. 4, 48. 306.] sthāne sthāneṣu (vgl. sthānasthāneṣu [Kathāsaritsāgara 26, 174)] dass. [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 27, 5.] brahmaṇaḥ [Mahābhārata 1, 2297. 5, 7353.] kuberasya [Amarakoṣa 1, 1, 1, 66.] munīnām [Halāyudha 2, 143.] himavataḥ [Spr. (II) 2053. 7047.] nāṭyasya [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 282.] vadhasya [930.] sthānatrayaṃ yatīnām (Pausen) [Pañcatantra V, 44.] ādyopalabdhaye [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 22, 212.] am Ende eines comp.; Accent [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 6, 2, 151.] gosthāna [Scholiast] aśva, gaja [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 1, 278.] avivekijana [Spr. (II) 7492.] sainya [Mahābhārata 7, 464.] āśrama [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 54, 25. 3, 76, 23.] māyāpurī [Kathāsaritsāgara 124, 153.] dhvaja [Mahābhārata 5, 3686.] dvāra [7, 1495.] vṛkṣaika [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 45, 31.] kūrca [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 4, 14, 28.] idhma [5, 6, 6.] sirā [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 54, 124.] citraka [Harivaṃśa 7074.] mudrā [Śākuntala 67, 19.] śiraḥsthāne pādau kṛtau [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 46, 17 (47, 15 Gorresio).] dagdhāsthi [2, 77, 8.] doha [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 25, 6, 3.] āghāta [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 48, 81.] vinoda [Śākuntala 80, 22. 81, 22. 86, 17.] caraṇa [Kathāsaritsāgara 26, 29.] prasava [Pañcatantra 75, 25.] Stelle am Körper: mūrdhni sthāne [MAITRYUP. 6, 23.] daśa sthānāni daṇḍasya [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 8, 124.] [Suśruta 1, 82, 3. 125, 8. 2, 189, 9.] [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 18, 47. fg.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 2, 2, 13.] — n) Statt, Stelle; loc. anstatt [Aitareyabrāhmaṇa 7, 4.] anuṣṭubhām [Śāṅkhāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 10, 12, 8.] parvaṇām [Aśvalāyana’s Śrautasūtrāni 9, 2, 2. 3, 13, 14.] [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 10, 7, 8. 14, 5, 25.] sāyaṃdohasthāne puroḍāśaḥ [?25, 5, 7. LĀTY. 1, 4, 3. 5, 4, 6. ĀŚV. GṚHY. 3, 6, 1. Yāska’s Nirukta 12, 7. Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 14, 15. 17. Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 1, 50. 7, 3, 46. Raghuvaṃśa 12, 58. Scholiast zu Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 1, 45. Vopadeva’s Grammatik 4, 8.] māmātmasthāne baddhā [Pañcatantra 37, 21.] tasmādadya kulīrakaṃ vyañjanasthāne karomi [52, 1.] viśvāsasthāne caturaḥ śaśakānatra dhṛtvā [55, 22. 83, 19.] tvāṃ bhakṣasthāne sthitam [131, 3.] vilocanasthānagata die Stelle der Augen vertretend [Śiśupālavadha 4, 4.] am Ende eines adj. comp. [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 5, 4, 10.] pitṛ die Stelle des Vaters vertretend, = pitṛtulya [Scholiast] bhrātā bhrātṛsthāno vā [ĀŚV. GṚHY. 1, 7, 8.] iyaṅuvaṅsthānau yū i und ū, an deren Stelle ij und uv treten, [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 4, 4.] [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 3, 20.] sthāne = sāmye, sādṛśye und = kāraṇe (karaṇe [Medinīkoṣa]) [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 7, 32.] [Medinīkoṣa avyaya (s. Med.) 46.] — o) Stelle für so v. a. Behälter: apām [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 1, 13.] jala [Mahābhārata 1, 5888.] pāṇipādaśalākāśca tāsāṃ sthānacatuṣṭayam [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 3, 85.] purāṇanyāyamīmāṃsādharmaśāstrāṅgamiśritāḥ . vedāḥ sthānāni vidyānāṃ dharmasya ca caturdaśa .. [1, 3.] — p) Feld, Fach [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 48, 24. 53, 54.] — q) ein rechter, passender Ort [Spr. (II) 6953. 7222. 7225.] sthāne am rechten Orte [5001.] sthāna eva hi yujyante bhṛtyāścābharaṇāni ca [7221.] asthāne am unrechten Orte [Pañcaviṃśabrāhmaṇa 10, 10.] [Rāmāyaṇa] [Gorresio 2, 20, 6.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 121, 178] (Gegens. susthāne 181). asthāne (so zu lesen). bhūṣaṇādīnāṃ vinyāsaḥ [Sāhityadarpana 143.] asthānopagatayamunā [Meghadūta 52.] asthānavarṣin [Daśakumāracarita 102, 15.] sthāne verallgemeinert so v. a. zu rechter Zeit, mit Recht gaṇa svarādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 1, 37.] = yukta [Amarakoṣa 3, 5, 11.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 7, 32.] [Medinīkoṣa avyaya (s. Med.) 46.] = satya [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma -] [Bhagavadgītā 11, 36.] roṣaḥ prayuktaḥ [Mahābhārata 1, 6845. 4, 2339.] [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 67, 12.] [Raghuvaṃśa 5, 16. 7, 13.] [Kumārasaṃbhava 6, 67. 7, 65.] [Śākuntala 37, 4. 63, 7, v. l.] [Vikramorvaśī 8, 16.] [Mālavikāgnimitra 49.] [Spr. (II) 4625.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 3, 21, 51.] asthāne [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 23, 6. 3, 13, 7. 4, 20, 10.] [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 74, 18.] [Pañcatantra 10, 10.] asthānakupita [Rāmāyaṇa 4,32, 6.] asthānahāsa [Sāhityadarpana 188.] — r) Ort so v. a. Gebiet eines Gottes nach der Eintheilung in prathama, madhyama, uttama Erde, Luft, Himmel [Yāska’s Nirukta 7, 8. fgg.] madhya und iha [23.] — s) ein fester Ort, Burg [Spr. (II) 2677. 2844, v. l.] — t) Ort so v. a. Organ eines Lautes [Śāṅkhāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 1, 2, 4. 5.] [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 1, 20. 21. 23 (10. 11. 13). 6, 8. 13, 2. 14, 2. 7] (tālu adj.). [18.] [Prātiśākha zum Atharvaveda 1, 41.] [Taittirīyasaṃhitā Prātiśākhya 2, 31. 33. 44. 46] (kaṇṭha adj.). 49 (nāsikā adj.). [Prātiśākhya zur Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 1, 10.] uraḥkaṇṭhabhrūmaghyāni [30. 43. 62. 90.] [SARVADARŚANAS. 128, 22. 139, 17.] aṣṭasthānasamīrita [Harivaṃśa 16161.] aṣṭau sthānāni varṇānāmuraḥ kaṇṭhaḥ śirastathā . jihvāmūlaṃ ca dantāśca nāsikoṣṭhau ca tālu ca .. [ŚIKṢĀ 13] in [Weber’s Indische Studien 4, 107.] [WEBER, PRATIJÑĀS. 107.] varṇacatuḥsthāna [Rāmatāpanīya Upaniṣad 362.] ekasthānatva [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 1, 4.] Organ überh.: dravyopalabdhi so v. a. Auge [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 3, 31, 45.] — u) Lage —, Stufe der Stimme (leiser oder lauter, höher oder tiefer): yadūrdhvaṃ hṛdayanābheḥ kapolaphalakādadhaḥ . prāṇasaṃcāraṇasthānaṃ sthānamityabhidhīyate .. uraḥ kaṇṭhaḥ śiraśceti tatpunastrividhaṃ bhavet . mandraṃ madhyaṃ ca tāraṃ ca [ŚĀṆḌILYA] beim Schol. zu [Rāmāyaṇa ed. Bomb. 1, 4, 10.] prathama [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 3, 1, 3. 9, 6, 17.] madhyama [Aśvalāyana’s Śrautasūtrāni 4, 15, 10.] praiṣādirāguraḥ sthāne [3, 8, 7.] mandra, madhyama, uttama [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 13, 17. 15, 3.] mandramadhyamatāra [Taittirīyasaṃhitā] [Prātiśākhya 22, 11. 23, 2.] sieben [4. 11.] pramāṇe tha laye (so ed. Bomb.) sthāne [Mahābhārata 2, 132.] mūrchanakovida [Rāmāyaṇa ed. Bomb. 1, 4, 10.] karaṇānvita [7, 71, 15. 93, 13.] pañcama [Rājataraṅgiṇī 5, 362.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 24, 25] (zugleich in der Bed. k.) vīṇā cyutā sthānāt so v. a. verstimmt [34, 159.] su (doppelsinnig) Inschr. in [Journ. of the Am. Or. S. 7, 10,] [Śloka 37.] — v) ein eintretender oder eingetretener Fall [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 7, 56. 8, 8. 119.] [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 2, 226.] paribhava [Pañcatantra 82, 12.] — w) das am - Platz - Sein, Gelegenheit —, Veranlassung zu (im gen. oder im comp. vorangehend) [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 3, 3, 6. 22, 7, 1. 2. 24, 4, 24.] [LĀṬY. 9, 12, 8.] saṃtāpasyāspa te sthānaṃ nāhaṃ paśyāmi [Rāmāyaṇa 5, 71, 3.] trividhasya duḥkhasya [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 37, 30.] daṇḍasya [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 6, 1, 39. 43.] krodha [Mahābhārata 3, 14677.] amarṣa [7, 7092.] harṣa [9, 2229.] aprīti (so ed. Bomb.) [14, 131.] kopa [15, 821.] śoka [Spr. (II) 2163. 6525.] bhaya ebend. [Rāmāyaṇa Gorresio 2, 7, 2. 3, 59, 19.] pramāda [UTTARAR. 37, 13 fg. (51, 5).] anuśaya [MĀLATĪM. 140, 5.] lābha [Kathāsaritsāgara 32, 138.] aśrāddheyavākya [Pañcatantra ed. orn. 59, 9.] concret der Gegenstand, der zu Etwas Veranlassung giebt oder geben kann: śvetaṃ padaṃ śiroruhāṇāṃ sthānaṃ paraṃ paribhavasya [Spr. (II) 6599.] āyāsa [Mahābhārata 12, 2112] (nach der Lesart der ed. Bomb.). api sūkṣmāṇi lokasya tarkasthānāni cintayan [Kathāsaritsāgara 24, 103.] vibhīṣikā [Pañcatantra 160, 21.] nāhaṃ kopasthānam [ŚUK.] in [Lassen’s Anthologie (III) 34, 15.] tatkāvyasyārpaṇasthānamekaḥ śrīsātavāhanaḥ so v. a. ist allein würdig, dass man ihm dieses Gedicht anvertraut, [Kathāsaritsāgara 8, 10.] mānya ein achtungswerther Gegenstand [Spr. (II) 6072.] — x) Abtheilung einer Disciplin, z. B. der Medicin bei Caraka, Suśruta u. s. w.: sūtra oder śloka, nidāna, śārīra u. s. w. āyurvedasyāṣṭau [Weber’s Indische Studien 1, 21, 1.] ṛgvedasyāṣṭau [3, 251, 1. fgg.] = granthasaṃdhi [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 2, 25.] — y) ein astrologisches Haus, Unterabtheilung eines astr. H. [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 40,9. 44,11. fg. 103,8.] [BṚH. 11,15. 23,1.] [Oxforder Handschriften 330,a,27. 31. 34. 36. 40. 44.b,3. 8. 30. 32. 34,37.] —
2) m. Nomen proprium eines Fürsten der Gandharva [Rāmāyaṇa 4, 41, 61.] —
3) tatsthāna [Aitareyabrāhmaṇa 6, 5] nach [Sāyaṇa] = tatsadṛśa; [WEBER] in [Weber’s Indische Studien 9, 295] vermuthet tasthāna . — Vgl. karma, goṣṭhāna und gosthāna, jana, janma, turaṃga, tūṣṇī, dhana (auch Bez. des zweiten astrologischen Hauses [Oxforder Handschriften 330,a,31]), dharmādhikaraṇa, nṛtya, pari, pāka, pīḍā, puṇya, prati, prathama, phala, bandhana, brahma, bhaya, bhartṛ, bhāṇa, bhīruṣṭhāna, bhūta, bhoga, mada, madhuṣṭhāna und madhusthāna, madhya, mahā, mūla, yathā, raṇa, rayi, lekhya, vajra, vadha, vadhya, vayaḥ, varṇa, vi, virāṭ, viśvāsa, viśveśvara, vihāra, vīra, vyavahāra, vyādhi, śayana, śiraḥ, śilpasthānavidyā, śulka, sa, saṃketa, sattva, samāna, sarvanāma, saha, sahaika, siddhi, sura, suṣṭhāna und susthāna, sūtra, sva, hṛdaya .
Sthāna (स्थान) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Ciṭṭhaṇa, Ciṭṭhaṇā, Ceṭṭhaṇa, Ṭṭhāṇa, Ṭhāṇa, Thāma.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Sthāna (स्थान) [Also spelled sthan]:—(nm) place, spot; site; space, room; accommodation; post; position, station; premises, venue; residence; locality; ~[cyuta] displaced, removed or fallen from a place or position; -[prāpti] acquisition or acquirement of a place or position; ~[bhraṣṭa] see ~[cyuta; -vijñāna] topology; ~[vaijñānika] a topologist; topological.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Sthāna (ಸ್ಥಾನ):—
1) [noun] a staying at a place (as a resident for a relatively longer period).
2) [noun] the act or position of standing firmly or being fixed or stationary.
3) [noun] the state of being; condition.
4) [noun] a place or locality.
5) [noun] a buildig where normally a person lives; a house.
6) [noun] a region or district.
7) [noun] a city or town.
8) [noun] position; rank; standing (regarded with its prestige, importance, etc.).
9) [noun] a holy place; a pilgrimmage centre.
10) [noun] a right, appropriate place.
11) [noun] the posture of the body while shooting arrows.
12) [noun] the place or organ of utterance of any sound (as the throat, palate, teeth, lips, etc.).
13) [noun] an occasion or opportunity.
14) [noun] that which forms a basic matter of thought, discussion, investigation, etc.; a subject.
15) [noun] resemblance; likeness.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Sthāna (स्थान):—n. 1. place; room; space; accommodation; 2. locality; situation; site; 3. position post rank; office to selection; chapter; 4. the place of articulation;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+20): Stanacutti, Sthana-adhikaranika, Sthana-dana, Sthana-karana, Sthana-mahajana, Sthana-manya, Sthanabhanga, Sthanabhramsha, Sthanabhrashta, Sthanabhrashtate, Sthanabhrashte, Sthanabhumi, Sthanacancala, Sthanacarya, Sthanacintaka, Sthanacyuta, Sthanacyute, Sthanacyuti, Sthanadapti, Sthanadatri.
Full-text (+1361): Samsthana, Mulasthana, Asthana, Brahmasthana, Upasthana, Prasthana, Avasthana, Sanketasthana, Sthanabhrashta, Janasthana, Nigrahasthana, Adhishthana, Anavasthana, Janmasthana, Pratishthana, Svasthana, Ekasthana, Yathasthana, Anushthana, Sthanacyuta.
Relevant text
Search found 247 books and stories containing Sthana, Sthāna; (plurals include: Sthanas, Sthānas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 5.24.103 < [Chapter 24 - The Killing of the Kola Demon]
Verse 5.24.95 < [Chapter 24 - The Killing of the Kola Demon]
Verses 5.24.104-105 < [Chapter 24 - The Killing of the Kola Demon]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 7.56 < [Section IV - Duties of the King]
Verse 8.401 < [Section XLVIII - Laws relating to Civic Misdemeanours]
Verse 8.400 < [Section XLVIII - Laws relating to Civic Misdemeanours]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
VI. Literal commentary on the Vaiśāradyasūtra < [Part 1 - The four fearlessnesses of the Buddha according to the Abhidharma]
II. The movements of mind are cognized by an infallible liberation < [Part 2 - Distinguishing the movements of mind of all beings]
Appendix 2 - The eye of the world (lokacakṣu) < [Chapter XXXVII - The Ten Concepts]
Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (Study) (by Padma Sugavanam)
Kohala and Gītā (4): The concept of Mūrcchanā < [Chapter 2 - Kohala as seen in citations]
Part 1(a).3 - Contents of Kohalamatam < [Chapter 4 - Works attributed to Kohala]
Kohala and Nṛtya (9): The concept of Aṅgahāra < [Chapter 2 - Kohala as seen in citations]
Gati in Theory and Practice (by Dr. Sujatha Mohan)
Relevant Sthānas and Nyāyas related to perform the Gati < [Chapter 2 - Concept and technique of Gati]
Technical treatises on Nāṭya (other works) < [Chapter 1 - Nāṭya]
Gait identified in the martial arts of India < [Chapter 4 - Practice of Gati]
Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine
Scientific review on vamana dravya (emetic drugs) of ashtang hridaya samhita < [Volume 10, issue 1 (2022)]
Scientific review on vamana dravya (emetic drugs) of charaka samhita < [Volume 9, issue 6 (2021)]
Scientific review on Virechana Dravya (Purgative Drugs) of Charaka Samhita < [Volume 11, issue 11 (2023)]
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