Apa, Āpa, Āpā, Pappa, Pāppā: 26 definitions

Introduction:

Apa means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi, biology, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Aap.

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In Hinduism

Yoga (school of philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Yoga

Āpa (आप, “water”):—One of the five gross elements assigned as a zone (or sphere) to the human body (bhūtamaṇḍala), according the Yogatattva-upaniṣad. The element water is assigned to the region from the knees up to the anus. Water is symbolized by a crescent (ardhacandra); the colour white (śukla) and the syllable va (va). The deity presiding over this region is Viṣṇu/Nārāyaṇa.

Yoga book cover
context information

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

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Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

Āpa (आप).—One of the Aṣṭavasus. The Aṣṭavasus are Āpa, Dhruva, Soma, Dharma, Anila, Agni, Pratyūṣa and Prabhāsa. The sons of Āpa are Vaitaṇḍa, Śrama, Śānta and Śvani. (See under Aṣṭavasus). (Chapter 15, Aṃśam 1, Viṣṇu Purāṇa).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Āpa (आप).—A vyāpaka. ety. of; came out of Agni, when the latter was lost in the earth.*

  • * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa I. 5. 131-5; II. 6. 56-7; 20. 1 and 5; Vāyu-purāṇa 6. 1.

1b) A Rākṣasa with the śarat sun.*

  • * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 23. 15; Vāyu-purāṇa 52. 15.

1c) A son of Vasiṣṭha, and a Prajāpati of the Svārociṣa epoch.*

  • * Matsya-purāṇa 9. 9.

1d) Is Bhava; hence do not commit nuisance in waters; nor bathe naked, nor have sexual intercourse in water; forsake colourless, tasteless and small waters; their source is the ocean and hence they must not be stopped in their progress to it.*

  • * Vāyu-purāṇa 27. 21-7.
Source: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical study

Āpa (आप) refers to one of the eight Vasus who are the sons of Vasu, according to one account of Vaṃśa (‘genealogical description’) of the 10th century Saurapurāṇa: one of the various Upapurāṇas depicting Śaivism.—Accordingly, the ten wives of Dharma are [viz., Vasu]. The Vasus were born from Vasu. The eight Vasus are Āpa, Nala, Soma, Dhruva, Anila, Anala, Pratyuṣa and Prabhāsa.

Purana book cover
context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Śāktism

Āpa (आप) refers to one of the 53 gods to be worshipped and given pāyasa (rice boiled in milk) according to the Vāstuyāga rite in Śaktism (cf. Śāradātilaka-tantra III-V). The worship of these 53 gods happens after assigning them to one of the 64 compartment while constructing a Balimaṇḍapa. Vāstu is the name of a prodigious demon, who was killed by 53 gods (e.g., Āpa).

Shaktism book cover
context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Ayurveda (science of life)

Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

Āpa (आप):—1. Water; 2. one of the pancha mahabhuta which is responsible for binding all particles within a substance; 3. Synonym of Jala

Ayurveda book cover
context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (architecture)

Āpa (आप) refers to one of the deities to be installed in the ground plan for the construction of houses, according to the Bṛhatkālottara, chapter 112 (the vāstuyāga-paṭala).—The plan for the construction is always in the form of a square. That square is divided into a grid of cells (padas). [...] Once these padas have been laid out, deities [e.g., Āpa] are installed in them. In the most common pattern 45 deities are installed.

Vastushastra book cover
context information

Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

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In Buddhism

Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper Names

A class of deities who were present at the preaching of the Mahasamaya Sutta (D.ii.259).

Buddhaghosa (DA.ii.689) says they were born as devas because of their having practised apokasina in previous lives..

context information

Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

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General definition (in Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgraha

Āpa (आप) refers to the “water realm” and represents one of the “seven lower regions” (pātāla ) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 123). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., āpa). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.

Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

1) Apa in India is the name of a plant defined with Solanum virginianum in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Solanum surattense Burm.f. (among others).

2) Apa in Latin America is also identified with Sechium edule It has the synonym Chayota edulis (Jacq.) Jacq. (etc.).

3) Apa in Nigeria is also identified with Afzelia africana It has the synonym Pahudia africana Prain (etc.).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2005)
· Revisio Generum Plantarum (1891)
· Flora Indica, or ‘Descriptions of Indian Plants’ (1768)
· Enumeratio Systematica Plantarum (1760)
· The Languages of West Africa. (1911)
· Taxon (1980)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Apa, for example extract dosage, side effects, health benefits, pregnancy safety, diet and recipes, chemical composition, have a look at these references.

Biology book cover
context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

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Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

āpa : (m.; nt.) water; liquid. (In some spds. it becomes āpo).

Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Apa°, (Vedic apa; Idg. *apo = Gr. a)pό, Av. apa, Lat. ab from *ap (cp. aperio); Goth. af, Ger. ab, Ags. E. of. ‹-› A compar. form fr. apa is apara “further away”) Welldefined directional prefix, meaning “away from, off”. Usually as base-prefix (except with ā), & very seldom in compn. with other modifying prefixes (like sam, abhi etc.). ‹-› 1. apa = Vedic apa (Idg. *apo): apeti to go away = Gr. a)/peimi, Lat. abeo, Goth. afiddja; apeta gone away, rid; °kaḍḍhati to draw away, remove; °kamati walk away; °gacchati go away; °nidhāti put away (= a)potiqhmi, abdo); °nudati push away; °neti lead away; °vattati turn away (= āverto); °sakkati step aside; °harati take away. ‹-› 2. apa = Vedic ava (Idg. *aue; see ava for details). There exists a widespread confusion between the two preps. apa & ava, favoured both by semantic (apa = away, ava = down, cp. E. off) & phonetic affinity (p softened to b, esp. in BB Mss., & then to v, as b › v is frequent, e. g. bya° › vya° etc.). Thus we find in Pāli apa where Vedic and later literary Sk. have ava in the foll. instances: apakanti, °kassati, °kirati, °gata, °cāra, °jhāyati, °thaṭa, °dāna, °dhāreti, °nata, °nāmeti, °nīta, °lekhana, °loketi, °vadati. (Page 50)

— or —

Āpa, & Āpo (nt.) (Vedic ap & āp, f. sg. apā, pl. āpaḥ, later Sk. also āpaḥ nt. — Idg. *ap & *ab, primarily to Lith. ùpé water, Old Prussian ape river, Gr. *)lpi/a N. of the Peloponnesus; further (as *ab) to Lat. amnis river, Sk. abda cloud, & perhaps ambu water) water; philosophically t. t. for cohesion, representative of one of the 4 great elements (cp. mahābhūta), viz. paṭhavī, āpo, tejo, vāyo: see Cpd. 268 & Dhs.trsl. 201, also below °dhātu. ‹-› D.II, 259; M.I, 327; S.II, 103; III, 54, 207; A.IV, 312, 375; Sn.307, 391 (°ṃ), 392 (Loc. āpe), 437 (id.); J.IV, 8 (paṭhavi-āpa-teja°); Dhs.652; Miln.363 (Gen. āpassa, with paṭhavī etc.); Sdhp.100.

—kasiṇa the water-device, i. e. meditation by (the element of) water (cp. Mystic 75 n.) D.III, 268; J.I, 313; Dhs.203; Vism.170; DhA I 312; III, 214. —dhātu the fluid element, the essential element in water, i. e element of cohesion (see Cpd. 155 n. 2; Mystic 9 n. 2; Dhs.trsl. 201, 242) D.III, 228, 247; M.I, 187, 422: Dhs.652; Nett 74. See also dhātu. —rasa the taste of water A.I, 32; SnA 6. —sama resembling water M.I, 423. (Page 101)

Pali book cover
context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

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Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

apa (अप).—ind S A particle and preposition, implying I. Inferiority (below, worse); II. Privation (from); III. Separation (away from); IV. Contrariety (against, opposite to).

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apā (अपा).—m A term of respectful compellation for an elder: also of endearment for a son or junior. It is often affixed to the name, as gōvindapantaapā. Pr. sōnāra simpī kuḷakaraṇī apā tighāñcī saṅgata nakōrē bāpā. See vyāvahārika nāva.

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āpa (आप).—pron ( H or āpta S) Own, related to self, of one's kin. Pr. āpaghara kīṃ bāpaghara. Used with reference to a married female. Pr. kuṇabyālā jō mhaṇēla āpa tyācā gāḍhava bāpa. Pr. āpa sukhī jaga sukhī All are well if Self be well. 2 Own, one's own. In comp. as āpahastēṃ, āpasukhēṃ, āpakhuśīnēṃ. 3 Used as s n Self. In comp. as āpagarajī, āpaḍhaṅga, āpamatalabī.

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āpa (आप).—n (ap S) Water.

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āpā (आपा).—A term of respectful compellation for an elder, or of endearment for a son or junior. 2 It is often affixed to the name; as gōvindapantaāpā. Pr. sōnāra simpī kuḷakaraṇī āpā tighāñcī saṅgata nakōrē bāpā. 3 A certain culinary preparation.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

apa (अप).—ind A particle and preposition, im- plying inferiority; separation; con- trariety.

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apā (अपा).—m A term of respectful compella- tion for an elder.

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āpa (आप).—n Water; self. pro Own. āpa sūkhī jaga sūkhī All is well if Self be well. kuṇa- byālā jō mhaṇēla āpa tyācā gāḍhava bāpa (pro- bably indicated the low estimation in which a kuṇabī or a farmer was or is held by the literate higher classes).

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āpā (आपा).—A term of respectful compella- tion for an elder. A certain culinary preparation.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Apa (अप).—ind. [na pāti rakṣati patanāt pā-ḍa Tv.]

1) (As a prefix to verbs it means) (a) Away, away from, denoting वियोग (viyoga); अपयाति, अपनयति (apayāti, apanayati); (b) deterioration (vikṛti); अपकरोति (apakaroti) does wrongly or badly; (c) opposition, negation, contradiction (viparīta); अपकर्षति, अपचिनोति (apakarṣati, apacinoti); (d) direction or mention or illustration (nidarśana); अपदिशति (apadiśati); (e) exclusion (varjana); अपवह्, अपसृ (apavah, apasṛ) Caus. (f) joy, merriment or laughter (ānanda); अपहसति (apahasati); (g) concealment or denial (caurya); अपलपति, अपवदते (apalapati, apavadate).

2) As first member of Tat. or Bahuvrīhi comp. it has all the above senses; अपयानम्, अपकर्म, अपपाठः (apayānam, apakarma, apapāṭhaḥ); अपशब्दः (apaśabdaḥ) a bad or corrupt word; °भी (bhī) fearless; °कल्मष (kalmaṣa) stainless; अपरागः (aparāgaḥ) discontent (opp. to anurāga); °मेघोदयं वर्षम् (meghodayaṃ varṣam) Kumārasambhava 6.54 &c. In most cases अप (apa) may be translated by 'bad', 'inferior', 'corrupt', 'wrong', 'unworthy', &c. It also means 'going downwards' as in अपानः (apānaḥ).

3) As a separable preposition (with a noun in the abl.) (a) away from; यत्संप्रत्यप लोकेभ्यो लङ्कायां वसतिर्भयात् (yatsaṃpratyapa lokebhyo laṅkāyāṃ vasatirbhayāt) Rām; (b) without, on the outside of; अप हरेः संसारः (apa hareḥ saṃsāraḥ) Sk.; (c) with the exception of, excepting; अप त्रिगर्तेभ्यो वृष्टो देवः (apa trigartebhyo vṛṣṭo devaḥ) Sk. on the outside of, with the exception of. In these senses अप (apa) may form adverbial compounds also (P.II.1.12); °विष्णु संसारः (viṣṇu saṃsāraḥ) Sk. without Viṣṇu; °त्रिगर्तं वृष्टो देवः (trigartaṃ vṛṣṭo devaḥ) excepting त्रिगर्त (trigarta) &c. It also implies negation, contradiction &c.; °कामम्, °शङ्कम् (kāmam, °śaṅkam). The senses of this word as given by G. M. may be thus put in verse; वर्जने विकृतौ चौर्ये विपरीतवियोगयोः । अपकृष्टे च निर्देशे हर्षे चापः प्रयुज्यते (varjane vikṛtau caurye viparītaviyogayoḥ | apakṛṣṭe ca nirdeśe harṣe cāpaḥ prayujyate). [cf. L. ab; Gr. apo; Goth. af. Eng. of or off; Zend apa].

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Āpa (आप).—[āp-ghañ]

1) Name of one of the 8 demigods called Vasus.

2) (At the end of comp.) दुराप (durāpa) difficult to be obtained.

-pam [apāṃ samūhaḥ] A flood or stream of water, water.

2) Sky (Nir.).

Derivable forms: āpaḥ (आपः).

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Āpā (आपा).—1 P.

1) To drink up (lit. and fig.); षडाननापीतपयोधरासु (ṣaḍānanāpītapayodharāsu) R.14.22; आपीतसूर्यं नभः (āpītasūryaṃ nabhaḥ) Mṛcchakaṭika 5.2 quite concealed or obscured; दिवाकरापीतरसा महौषधीः (divākarāpītarasā mahauṣadhīḥ) Mb.

2) To drink with the ears or eyes, hear or see intently; ता राघवं दृष्टिभिरापिबन्त्यः (tā rāghavaṃ dṛṣṭibhirāpibantyaḥ) R.7.12; K.86; भगवत्कथासुधामा- पीय कर्णाञ्जलिभिः (bhagavatkathāsudhāmā- pīya karṇāñjalibhiḥ) Bhāg.

3) To eclipse, surpass.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Āpa (आप).—(= Pali id., thematization of Sanskrit āp, ap), water; clear cases noted only in [compound] āpa-skandha mass of water, Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 126.7 (verse) sa caiva sama muñceta āpaskandham anal- pakam; with adhaḥ or heṣṭā, heṣṭi, of subterranean mass of water, Lalitavistara 64.12 adha-āpaskandham; 298.20 (verse) [Page097-b+ 71] heṣṭāpaskandha (acc. sg.; so divide) caraṇaiḥ pratigrā- hyamāṇāḥ, being caused to receive with their feet the mass of water underneath (the earth); 368.19 (verse) heṣṭi śatasa- hasraṃ yāvataś cāpaskandho (contrasted with dharaṇi- talu, next line). In Mahāvastu ii.92.5 (verse) āpaṃ, acc. sg., could be referred to this stem, or regarded as belonging to the Sanskrit stem āp, ap, transferred to the sing. (compare Wackernagel- Debrunner 3.240 f.).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Apa (अप).—ind. A particle and preposition implying. 1. Inferiority, (below, worse.) 2. Privation, (from.) 3. Separation, (away, from.) 4. Contrariety, (against, opposite to.) 5. Difference, (from.) 6. Dishonesty. 7. Exultation: as apakṛṣṭuṃ to revile, apaharttuṃ to take away, apakarttuṃ to do wrong, apavaktuṃ to contradict, apakīrtti infamy, &c. E. a neg. and pa from to preserve.

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Āpa (आप).—m.

(-paḥ) One of the eight demigods called Vasus. E. āp to obtain, ac aff.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Apa (अप).—. I. adv. (ved.) Away. Ii. prep. with abl. Away from, without (very seldom). Iii. combined and compounded with verbs and their derivatives. Iv. former part of compounded nouns and adverbs, implying: Loss, negation, privation, wrong, bad, unnatural.

— Cf. [Latin] ab. [Gothic.] and [Anglo-Saxon.] af.

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Apa (अप).—[-ap + a], a substitute for ap, when latter part of a comp. word, e. g. śuṣka-, adj. Of which the water is dried up, [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 72, 20.

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Āpa (आप).—m. One of the eight deities, called Vasus, Mahābhārata 3, 14208.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Apa (अप).—[adverb] away, off (*as [preposition] [with] [ablative]).

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Āpā (आपा).—drink up, drink out of ([ablative]) or at ([accusative]); imbibe, absorb, draw in, enjoy.

Āpā is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms ā and (पा).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Apa (अप):—ind. (as a prefix to nouns and verbs, expresses) away, off, back (opposed to upa, anu, sam, pra)

2) down (opposed to ud).

3) When prefixed to nouns, it may sometimes = the [negative] particle a e.g. apa-bhī, fearless; or may express deterioration, inferiority, etc. (cf. apa-pāṭha).

4) (As a separable particle or adverb in [Vedic or Veda], with [ablative]) away from, on the outside of, without, with the exception of

5) cf. [Greek] ἀπό; [Latin] ab; [Gothic] af; [English] of.

6) Āpa (आप):—[from āp] 1. āpa m. obtaining

7) [v.s. ...] mfn. ifc. to be obtained (cf. dur).

8) 2. āpa m. Name of one of the eight demigods called Vasus, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa; Harivaṃśa; Mahābhārata]

9) 3. āpa n. ([from] 2. ap, [Pāṇini 4-2, 37]), a quantity of water, Mallinātha on [Śiśupāla-vadha iii, 72.]

10) Āpā (आपा):—[=ā-pā] -√1. [Parasmaipada] -pibati, ([imperative] 2. [dual number] āpibatam, [Ṛg-veda ii, 36, 6]; [perfect tense] -papau:

—[Passive voice] -pīyate, etc.) to drink in, suck in or up;

—to sip, [Ṛg-veda; Mahābhārata; Raghuvaṃśa];

—to drink in with ears or eyes id est. to hear or See with attention, hang on [Bhāgavata-purāṇa; Raghuvaṃśa];

—to absorb, take away:

—[Causal] -pāyayati, to cause to drink or suck in [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Apa (अप):—prep. From, away, against.

2) Āpa (आप):—(paḥ) 1. m. A demigod, a Vasu.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Apa (अप) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Aisa, Allaviya, Ava, Avahasiya, Āva, Āvā, Āvia, Omāṇaṇa.

[Sanskrit to German]

Apa in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

1) Apa (अप) [Also spelled ap]:——a Sanskrit prefix denoting—away, off, base, down, deterioration or inferiority; as an allomorph of [āpa] in Hindi, it also denotes 'self' as ~[kājī] selfish; ~[svārthī] selfish.

2) Āpa (आप) [Also spelled aap]:—(pro) (deferential) you (second person); pronoun used to express respect, as distinct from [tuma, tū;—apane dāṃva meṃ ānā] to act as a boomerang; ~[kī sīkha āpako mubāraka] keep your breath to cool your porridge; -[āpako] each by himself, all individually; —[kāja mahākāja] achievement of one’s own end is the greatest achievement; better do a thing than wish it to be done; ~[kājī] selfish; ~[bītī] the story of one’s own suffering; self-experiences;—[mare jaga paralo (paralai)] after me, the deluge; the death’s day is the doomsday;—[bhalā to jaga bhalā] good mind, good find; ~[rūpa] your honour; incarnate;—[se āpa] by itself, automatically;—[hī āpa] alone, by or within one’s ownself; automatically.

3) Āpā (आपा) [Also spelled aapa]:—(nm) consciousness; one’s own entity; ego, vanity;—[khonā] to forget or lose consciousness of real self; to become abnormal; [āpa meṃ ānā] to attain normalcy; to attain consciousness; [āpe meṃ na rahanā, āpe se bāhara honā] to be off one’s chumb, to fly off the handle, to be overwhelmed by emotion, to lose self-control.

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Apa (ಅಪ):—[noun] a suffix to the names of men, adding meaning respectfully 'father' 'respectful man' etc.

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Āpa (ಆಪ):—[noun] the colourless, transparent liquid occurring on earth as rivers, lakes, oceans, etc., and falling from the clouds as rain; water.

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Pappa (ಪಪ್ಪ):—

1) [noun] a praising or being praised; commendation.

2) [noun] ಪಪ್ಪವರ್ [pappavar] pappavar (pl.) persons whose profession is to herald the praise for another (esp. for a king); 2. persons who seek favour by flattering a man of wealth or influence; sychophants.

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Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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