Apakara, Apakāra, Āpakara: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Apakara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Apkar.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Apakāra (अपकार) refers to “wishes evil of others”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.19. Accordingly as Brahmā narrated to Nārada:—“[...] If a man wishes evil of others [viz., apakāra], he himself becomes the victim of the same. There is no doubt about it. Realising this, no man shall wish evil of anyone else”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Apakāra (अपकार) refers to “calamities”, according to the Devyāmata (in the section śalyoddhāra-paṭala or “excavation of extraneous substances”).—Accordingly, “Next, I shall, as told before, teach the characteristics of extraneous substances, which exist beneath the site and cause calamities (apakāra) to people. When the site, which has been made square, is being divided with cords, [the officiant] who has knowledge of divisions of the site should investigate extraneous substances by omens, etc. [...]”.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Apakāra (अपकार) refers to “injuries (to the three jewels)”, according to the Guru Mandala Worship (maṇḍalārcana) ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samādhi, which refers to the primary pūjā and sādhanā practice of Newah Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna Buddhists in Nepal.—Accordingly, “Whatever injuries (apakāra) to the three jewels [e.g., ratnatraye'pakāro yo], or to father and mother by me, Abuses to the gurus or other teachers, done by body, speech and mind, Corrupted by much wickedness, by me and by my sins, heroes, Whatever dreadful sin was done, all of that I confess”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
apakāra : (m.) injury; mischief.
Apakāra, & °ka (cf. Sk. apakāra & apakaroti) injury, mischief; one who injures or offends DhA.III, 63; Sdhp.283. (Page 50)
apakāra (အပကာရ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[apa+kara+ṇa]
[အပ+ကရ+ဏ]
[Pali to Burmese]
apakāra—
(Burmese text): (၁) ဆန့်ကျင်၍-မသင့်မလျော်-ပြုခြင်း၊ ပြစ်မှား-ကျူးလွန်-ခြင်း။ အပကာရခန္တိ-ကြည့်။ (တိ) (၂) (က) ပြစ်မှား-ကျူးလွန်-တတ်သော။ အပကာရစေတနာ,အပကာရဓမ္မ-တို့ကြည့်။ (ခ) နှောက်ယှက်-ဖျက်ဆီး-တတ်သော။ အပကာရဓမ္မ-ကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): (1) Acting in opposition - inappropriate - wrongdoing, committing a mistake. Look at the moral principles. (2) (a) Capable of committing mistakes. Refer to the moral intentions and moral principles. (b) Capable of causing disturbance and destruction. Look at the moral principles.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
apakarā (अपकरा) [or अपखरा, apakharā].—m ( P) A water or drinking vessel with a spout.
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apakāra (अपकार).—m (S) Injuring, hurting, damaging. 2 Injury, hurt, damage, detriment.
apakarā (अपकरा) [-kharā, -खरा].—m A drinking vessel with a spout.
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apakāra (अपकार).—m Injury, hurt, damage, offence,
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Apakāra (अपकार).—
1) Harm, wrong; injury, hurt, offence, misdeed, wrong deed (opp. upakāra); स्वल्पेनाप्यपकारेण ब्राह्मण्यमिव दुष्यति (svalpenāpyapakāreṇa brāhmaṇyamiva duṣyati) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1.66; उपकर्त्रारिणा सन्धिर्न मित्रेणाप- कारिणा। उपकारापकारौ हि लक्ष्यं लक्षणमेतयोः (upakartrāriṇā sandhirna mitreṇāpa- kāriṇā| upakārāpakārau hi lakṣyaṃ lakṣaṇametayoḥ) Śiśupālavadha 2.37; अपकारो- प्युपकारायैव संवृत्तः (apakāro- pyupakārāyaiva saṃvṛttaḥ) &c.
2) Thinking ill of, desire to offend or hurt (aniṣṭacintā).
3) Wickedness, violence, oppression, enmity.
4) A mean or degraded action.
Derivable forms: apakāraḥ (अपकारः).
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Āpakara (आपकर).—a. (-rī f.) [अपकरे भवः अण् अञ् च (apakare bhavaḥ aṇ añ ca)] Offensive, unfriendly, mischievous.
Apakara (अपकर).—(?) , false Sanskrit or (more probably) error for Sanskrit avakara, rubbish: (Ārya-)Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 131.21; see saṃkāra (1).
Apakāra (अपकार).—m.
(-raḥ) 1. Injury, offence, wrong, mischief. 2. Wickedness. 3. Tyranny, oppression. 4. Hatred, enmity. E. apa ill, and kāra what does.
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Āpakara (आपकर).—mfn.
(-raḥ-rī-raṃ) Offensive, mischievous, unfriendly. E. apakara offence, añ aff.
Apakāra (अपकार).—i. e. apa-kṛ + a, m. 1. Injury. 2. Malice, [Daśakumāracarita] in
Apakāra (अपकार).—[masculine] tā [feminine] injury, mischief.
1) Apakāra (अपकार):—[=apa-kāra] [from apa-kṛ] m. wrong, offence, injury, hurt
2) [v.s. ...] despise, disdain.
3) Āpakara (आपकर):—mf(ī)n. coming from or native of the (country ?) Āpakara, [Pāṇini 4-3, 33.]
Apakara (अपकर):—[tatpurusha compound] (?) m.
(-raḥ) Probably the name of a place; see the following and āpakara. E. (?) kṛ with apa, kṛt aff. ap.
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Apakāra (अपकार):—[tatpurusha compound] m.
(-raḥ) 1.
1) Hurt, injury.
2) Disservice; the reverse of upakāra; e. g. apakāropyupakārāyaiva saṃvṛttaḥ. E. kṛ with apa, kṛt aff. ghañ. 2. A mean action. E. apa and kāra.
1) Apakāra (अपकार):—[apa-kāra] (raḥ) 1. m. Injury.
2) Āpakara (आपकर):—[āpa-kara] (raḥ-rā-raṃ) a. Offensive.
Apakara (अपकर):—Nomen proprium [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 3, 32.] Davon apakaraka = apakare jātaḥ ibid.
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Apakāra (अपकार):—(von kar, karoti mit apa)
1) adj. zu nahe tretend, beleidigend; s. apakāratā . —
2) m. das-Jemand-zu-nahe-Treten, Zufügung eines Schadens, Schaden, Beleidigung: apakārāya (zum Schaden) vartante [Suśruta 2, 296, 7.] = droha [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 4, 37,] [Scholiast] Das obj. im gen.: sāmantakulikādīnāmapakārasya kārakaḥ [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 2, 233.] apakāraṃ kamiva te karoti [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 38, 9.] apakāraḥ ka iha te vaidehyā (instr.) darśitaḥ [8.] kathaṃ teṣāṃ dāyādānāṃ mayāpakāraḥ kartavyaḥ [Pañcatantra 209, 25.] geht im comp. voran: parāpakāraiḥ [161, 24.] apakāragir ein beleidigendes oder drohendes Wort [Amarakoṣa 1, 1, 5, 14.] apakāraśabdairbhayotpādanaṃ bhartsanam [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 8, 1, 8,] [Scholiast]
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Āpakara (आपकर):—adj. = apakare jātaḥ [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 3, 33.]
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Apakāra (अपकार):—
2) mahate yo pakārāya narasya prabhavennaraḥ wer dem Andern einen grossen Schaden zuzufügen vermag [Spr. 4701.] [MĀLATĪM. 88, 2.] na smarāmi svalpamapi tavāpakāraṃ mayā katam Beleidigung [Daśakumāracarita] in [Benfey’ Chrestomathie aus Sanskritwerken 191, 22.] Vergehen, Versehen [Pañcatantra I, 76] (apacāra v. l.; vgl. [Spr. 1177]).
Apakara (अपकर):—m. Nomen proprium einer Gegend. Davon ka Adj. daselbst gebürtig.
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Apakāra (अपकार):—m. —
1) Schadenzufügung , Beleidigung , Beeinträchtigung [161,4.] —
2) Verschmähung , Zurückweisung [Indische studien von Weber 10,166,1.] — Fehlerhaft für apacāra [Indische sprüche 2841] v.l.
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Āpakara (आपकर):—Adj. = apakare jñātaḥ.
Apakāra (अपकार) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Avagāra, Avayāra, Oāra.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Apakāra (अपकार) [Also spelled apkar]:—(nm) harm, ill-turn, damage; disservice; wrong; hence ~[ka] (a).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Apakāra (ಅಪಕಾರ):—
1) [noun] the act of causing harm, damage or injury to others.
2) [noun] harm, damage or injury done by a person.
3) [noun] ಅಪಕಾರಮಾಡುವವ ಅಪಕೀರ್ತಿಗೆ ಅಂಜಿಯಾನೆ [apakaramaduvava apakirtige amjiyane]? apakāra māḍuvava apakīrtige añjiyāne (prov.) he who is malicious never bothers about resultant bad name.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Apakāra (अपकार):—n. 1. detriment; harm; injury; wrong; disservice; 2. affront; offense; 3. wrong action; misconduct;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Apa, Kara, Na.
Starts with: Apagaram, Apakaracetana, Apakaradhamma, Apakaragir, Apakaraka, Apakarakhanti, Apakarana, Apakaraniya, Apakaraparikkhepa, Apakararthin, Apakarashabda, Apakarata.
Full-text (+18): Apakarin, Pratyapakara, Apakaraka, Apakaragir, Apakarata, Apakarashabda, Apakararthin, Anapakara, Apakarana, Apakaroti, Apakaradhamma, Apakaracetana, Paccapakara, Apakata, Apakrita, Jharica Apakara, Apagaram, Apakariyati, Apakarakhanti, Apkar.
Relevant text
Search found 9 books and stories containing Apakara, Apa-kara, Apa-kāra, Āpa-kara, Apa-kara-na, Apa-kara-ṇa, Apakāra, Apakarā, Āpakara; (plurals include: Apakaras, karas, kāras, nas, ṇas, Apakāras, Apakarās, Āpakaras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 194 < [Tamil-Hindi-English, Volume 1]
Page 52 < [Tamil-Hindi-English, Volume 1]
Page 159 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 1]
Markandeya Purana (by Frederick Eden Pargiter)
Markandeya Purana (Study) (by Chandamita Bhattacharya)
Superstitions Related to House-holders < [Chapter 2]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Page 84 < [Volume 5 (1909)]
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 2.23.331 < [Chapter 23 - Wandering about Navadvīpa On the Day the Lord Delivered the Kazi]
Shishupala-vadha (Study) (by Shila Chakraborty)
The four expedients (caturthopāya) < [Chapter 1 - Concept of Vijigīṣu king]