Apabhramsha, Apabhraṃśa: 16 definitions
Introduction:
Apabhramsha means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Apabhraṃśa can be transliterated into English as Apabhramsa or Apabhramsha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Apbhransh.
In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammarApabhraṃśa (अपभ्रंश).—Degraded utterance of standard correct forms or words: corrupt form: e. g. गावी, गोणी (gāvī, goṇī) and the like, of the word गो (go), cf. गौः इत्यस्य शब्दस्य गावी गोणी गोता गोपोतलिका इत्येवमादयः अपभ्रंशाः (gauḥ ityasya śabdasya gāvī goṇī gotā gopotalikā ityevamādayaḥ apabhraṃśāḥ) M. Bh. on I.l.l ; cf शब्दसंस्कारहीनो यो गौरिति प्रयुयुक्षिते । तमपभ्रंशमिच्छन्ति विशिष्टार्थनिवेशिनम् (śabdasaṃskārahīno yo gauriti prayuyukṣite | tamapabhraṃśamicchanti viśiṣṭārthaniveśinam) Vāk. Pad I.149: सर्वस्य हि अपभ्रंशस्य साधुरेव प्रकृतिः (sarvasya hi apabhraṃśasya sādhureva prakṛtiḥ) com. on Vāk. Pad I. 149.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationApabhraṃśa (अपभ्रंश) refers to a lauguage, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.4 (“The Tripuras are initiated).—Accordingly, as Viṣṇu said to his self-created Puruṣa: “[...] O you who wield Māyā, create a deceptive sacred text of sixteen hundred thousand verses, contrary to Śrutis and Smṛtis wherein Varṇas and Āśramas shall be eschewed. Let that holy text be in Apabhraṃśa lauguage. Let there be emphasis on actions. You shall strain yourself to extend it further. I shall bestow on you the ability to create it. Different kinds of magic arts shall be subservient to you”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
India history and geography
Source: Singhi Jain Series: Ratnaprabha-suri’s Kuvalayamala-katha (history)Apabhramsha refers to one of the four major languages prevalent in ancient India, according to the 8th-century Kuvalayamālā written by Uddyotanasūri, a Prakrit Campū (similar to Kāvya poetry) narrating the love-story between Prince Candrāpīḍa and the Apsaras Kādambarī.—There is a mention of four major languages, namely, Sanskrit, Prakrit, Apabhramsha and Paishachi; and during the 8th century, vast body of Apabhramsha literature appears to have been already produced. The Paishachi language seems to have been represented by the Bṛhatkathā which had survived in its original form upto the time of Uddyotanasūri. This appears to be very probable since the original Paiśācī Bṛhatkathā was known to Kṣemendra who based his Sanskrit version on it.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryapabhraṃśa (अपभ्रंश).—m (S) A corrupted word, a corruption.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishapabhraṃśa (अपभ्रंश).—m A corruption, corrupted word.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryApabhraṃśa (अपभ्रंश).—
1) Falling down or away, a fall; अत्यारूढिर्भवति महतामप्यपभ्रंशनिष्ठा (atyārūḍhirbhavati mahatāmapyapabhraṃśaniṣṭhā) Ś.4 v. l. ending in a (precipitate) fall.
2) A corrupted word, corruption; घर (ghara) is an अपभ्रंश (apabhraṃśa) or corruption of गृह (gṛha); (hence) an incorrect word whether formed against the rules of grammar or used in a sense not strictly Sanskrit; see अपशब्द (apaśabda).
3) A corrupt language, one of the lowest forms of the Prākṛta dialect used by cow-herds &c. (in kāvyas); (in Śāstras) any language other than Sanskrit; आभीरादिगिरः काव्येष्वपभ्रंश इति स्मृताः । शास्त्रेषु संस्कृतादन्य- दपभ्रंशतयोदितम् (ābhīrādigiraḥ kāvyeṣvapabhraṃśa iti smṛtāḥ | śāstreṣu saṃskṛtādanya- dapabhraṃśatayoditam) || Kāv.1.
Derivable forms: apabhraṃśaḥ (अपभ्रंशः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryApabhraṃśa (अपभ्रंश).—m.
(-śaḥ) Ungrammatical language. E. apa from, bhraṃśa to fall, and ac affix; also apabhraṃsa.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryApabhraṃśa (अपभ्रंश).—[apa-bhraṃś + a], m. Incorrect language, [Rājataraṅgiṇī] 5, 205.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryApabhraṃśa (अपभ्रंश).—[masculine] falling down; fallen off, i.e. corrupted or vulgar language.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Apabhraṃśa (अपभ्रंश):—[=apa-bhraṃśa] m. (or apa-bhraṃsa) falling down, a fall, [Taittirīya-saṃhitā etc.]
2) [v.s. ...] a corrupted form of a word, corruption
3) [v.s. ...] ungrammatical language
4) [v.s. ...] the most corrupt of the Prākṛt dialects.
5) Apabhraṃsa (अपभ्रंस):—[=apa-bhraṃsa] m. (or apa-bhraṃśa) falling down, a fall, [Taittirīya-saṃhitā etc.]
6) [v.s. ...] a corrupted form of a word, corruption
7) [v.s. ...] ungrammatical language
8) [v.s. ...] the most corrupt of the Prākṛt dialects.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Goldstücker Sanskrit-English DictionaryApabhraṃśa (अपभ्रंश):—[tatpurusha compound] m.
(-śaḥ) 1.
1) Falling down.
2) Incorrect language; whether the form of the word be at variance with the rules of Saṃskṛt grammar, or its sense not a Saṃskṛtic one; e. g. Kumārila in his Mīmāṃsā Vārttika: yathā sādhvanurūpatvātpramādāśaktijeṣvapi . jāyate vācakabhrāntistathaiva mlecchabhāṣite .. śabdāpabhraṃśavadeva gauṇabhrāntyādiprayoganimittā arthāpabhraṃśā bhavanti; or the same: deśabhāṣāpabhraṃśapadāni hi viplutibhūyiṣṭhāni na śakyante vivektum.
3) The name of the lowest class of the Prākṛt dialects; according to some the same as the Paisāchī dialect, according to others different from the latter and inferior to it; the division of the Prākṛt dialect being either: the Bhāṣā (comprising the Prākṛt proper or the Māhārāṣtrī, the Śaurasenī, Māgadhī, Ardhamāgadhī and the southern dialects), the Vibhāṣā (comprising the Śākārī, Chāṇḍālī, Śābarī, Ābhīrī, Drāvidī and Odrī) and the Apabhraṃśa or Paisāchī (comprising the provincial dialects as the Gurjarātī, Kārnatī &c.); or the Prākṛt proper, the Śaurasenī, the Māgadhī (with the Ardhamāgadhī and the other dialects named before), the Paisāchī, and the Apabhraṃśa, the latter then being especially appropriated to the language of the Ābhīra and contiguous peoples and excluded from poetry where the other dialects may occur. See Lassen's Institutiones Linguae Pracriticae, and compare the following remark of Bharatasena on a verse of the Bhaṭṭikāvya where several words are Saṃskṛt as well as Prākṛt: kāvyaṃ saṃskṛtaprākṛtāpabhraṃśabhedāttrividham . prākṛtopi saṃskṛtabhavaḥ saṃskṛtasamo deśī cetyanekavidhaḥ . atra deśisaṃskṛtabhavayoḥ prākṛtayorapabhraṃśasya cāsādhuśabdatvenādharmajanakatvāt . upakrānte saṃskṛte bandhe samāveśāsaṃbhavācca . mahākavirbhartṛharirasāmarthyaṃ bodhayañchabdasamāyāḥ prākṛtabhāṣāyāḥ saṃskṛtabandhe samāveśaṃ darśayati &c. According to several comm. on the Amarak. the word may be written also apabhraṃsa; but this reading is rejected as wrong by Rāyamukuṭa: dantyopītyeke . tadasat . sransu bhransu adhaḥpatane . ityasya ghañi rūpaṃ na dṛśyata iti bhāṣyādāvuktatvāt.—E. bhraṃś with apa, kṛt aff. ghañ. 2. A bad fall. E. apa and bhraṃśa (bhraṃś, kṛt aff. ac).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryApabhraṃśa (अपभ्रंश):—[apa-bhraṃśa] (śaḥ) 1. m. Ungrammatical language, low language.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryApabhraṃśa (अपभ्रंश) [Also spelled apbhransh]:—(nm) corrupt form of a word, corruption; one of the middle Indo-Aryan languages.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusApabhraṃśa (ಅಪಭ್ರಂಶ):—
1) [noun] a falling down (physically or morally); a down fall.
2) [noun] a corrupted word whether formed against the rules of grammar or used in a sense not strictly as per its original sense in Saṃskřta from where it is borrowed.
3) [noun] name of a language, which is now extinct.
4) [noun] the summary name for Indian dialects from about the seventh centre A.D.
5) [noun] an incorrect, ungrammatical language which must not be used for writing scriptures or for scientific theories.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Bhramsha, Apa.
Starts with: Apabhramshamaya, Apabhramshanudi, Apabhramshate.
Ends with: Anapabhramsha.
Full-text (+340): Kadavaka, Apabhrashta, Upanagara, Vracada, Svayambhuchandas, Abdhimathana, Avappirancanam, Kalahatta, Svayambhu, Svayambhudeva, Apashabda, Shaurseni, Language, Vracata, Dhanadevu, Dhuttu, Gopotalika, Ajjadevu, Suddhasīlu, Chaillu.
Relevant text
Search found 23 books and stories containing Apabhramsha, Apabhraṃśa, Apabhramsa, Apa-bhramsha, Apa-bhraṃśa, Apa-bhramsa, Apabhraṃsa, Apa-bhraṃsa, Apabhramśa; (plurals include: Apabhramshas, Apabhraṃśas, Apabhramsas, bhramshas, bhraṃśas, bhramsas, Apabhraṃsas, bhraṃsas, Apabhramśas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara (Study) (by Debabrata Barai)
Part 5.1 - Environment and Retreat of Kavi (poets) < [Chapter 5 - Analyasis and Interpretations of the Kāvyamīmāṃsā]
Part 8 - Rājaśekhara and Prākṛita Language < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Part 23 - The story of kāvya-puruṣa by Rājaśekhara < [Chapter 2 - A General Outlines of Sanskrit Poetics]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 2.1.67 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibhāva)]
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
Education (4): Language and literature < [Chapter 4 - Cultural Aspects]
Musical instruments (e.g., Stringed, Percussions, Cymbals and Wind-blown) < [Chapter 4 - Cultural Aspects]
Education (5): Linguistic principles < [Chapter 4 - Cultural Aspects]
Bhagavati-sutra (Viyaha-pannatti) (by K. C. Lalwani)
Part 7 - On language of the gods < [Chapter 4]
Bodhisattvacharyavatara (by Andreas Kretschmar)
Text Section 136 < [Khenpo Chöga’s Oral Explanations]
A Common Heritage < [January – March, 1985]
Our Forum < [January-February 1931]
Reviews < [October - December 1974]
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