Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.22.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
तव॒ त्यन्नर्यं॑ नृ॒तोऽप॑ इन्द्र प्रथ॒मं पू॒र्व्यं दि॒वि प्र॒वाच्यं॑ कृ॒तम् । यद्दे॒वस्य॒ शव॑सा॒ प्रारि॑णा॒ असुं॑ रि॒णन्न॒पः । भुव॒द्विश्व॑म॒भ्यादे॑व॒मोज॑सा वि॒दादूर्ज॑ं श॒तक्र॑तुर्वि॒दादिष॑म् ॥
तव त्यन्नर्यं नृतोऽप इन्द्र प्रथमं पूर्व्यं दिवि प्रवाच्यं कृतम् । यद्देवस्य शवसा प्रारिणा असुं रिणन्नपः । भुवद्विश्वमभ्यादेवमोजसा विदादूर्जं शतक्रतुर्विदादिषम् ॥
tava tyan naryaṃ nṛto 'pa indra prathamam pūrvyaṃ divi pravācyaṃ kṛtam | yad devasya śavasā prāriṇā asuṃ riṇann apaḥ | bhuvad viśvam abhy ādevam ojasā vidād ūrjaṃ śatakratur vidād iṣam ||
English translation:
“Indra, the delighter (of all), the first act performed by you in ancient time was for the good of man, and deserving of renown in heaven, when, arresting by force the breath of the (enemy) of the gods, you did send down the rain; may Indra prevail by his prowess over all that is godless; may Śatakratu obtain vigour; may he obtain (sacrificial) food.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The delighter of all: nṛto = lit. dancer; one who dances of exults in battle; here, it means nartayitrī, one who causes to dance or to rejoice; of the enemy of the gods: the text has only devasya, of the divine, or the deity; this is explained as asurasya; asum riṇan = prāṇam himsan, injuring or taking away the breath or life, in consequence of which Indra sends down the water or rain, prāriṇāḥ āpaḥ
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhurigatiśakvarī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
तव॑ । त्यत् । नर्य॑म् । नृ॒तो॒ इति॑ । अपः॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । प्र॒थ॒मम् । पू॒र्व्यम् । दि॒वि । प्र॒ऽवाच्य॑म् । कृ॒तम् । यत् । दे॒वस्य॑ । शव॑सा । प्र । अरि॑णा । असु॑म् । रि॒णन् । अ॒पः । भुव॑त् । विश्व॑म् । अ॒भि । अदे॑वम् । ओज॑सा । वि॒दात् । ऊर्ज॑म् । श॒तऽक्र॑तुः । वि॒दात् । इष॑म् ॥
तव । त्यत् । नर्यम् । नृतो इति । अपः । इन्द्र । प्रथमम् । पूर्व्यम् । दिवि । प्रवाच्यम् । कृतम् । यत् । देवस्य । शवसा । प्र । अरिणा । असुम् । रिणन् । अपः । भुवत् । विश्वम् । अभि । अदेवम् । ओजसा । विदात् । ऊर्जम् । शतक्रतुः । विदात् । इषम् ॥
tava | tyat | naryam | nṛtaḥ | apa | indra | prathamam | pūrvyam | divi | pra-vācyam | kṛtam | yat | devasya | śavasā | pra | ariṇā | asum | riṇan | apaḥ | bhuvat | viśvam | abhi | adevam | ojasā | vidāt | ūrjam | śata-kratuḥ | vidāt | iṣam
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.22.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], genitive, singular
“you.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“that.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“manly; heroic; powerful; male; human.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“dancing.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“work; deed.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“first; precedent; age-old; excellent; former(a).”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“describe; name; enumerate; call; explain; teach; state; tell; impart; convey; address; proclaim.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[adverb]
“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“strength; power; superiority.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“life.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“free; liberate; run; let go of.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”
[verb], singular, Thematic aorist (Ind.)
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[adverb]
“towards; on.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[adverb]
“not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“strength; power; ojas; ojas [word]; potency; might.”
[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“find; detect; marry; get; think.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“strength; refreshment; vigor; food; strengthening.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra.”
[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“find; detect; marry; get; think.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”