Text 10.65

उदाहरणम्,
सो’यं रम्भा-नटन-चटुलैः सेव्यमानो मरुद्भिः
  कम्राशोकोत्तम-सुमनसां निर्भरामोद-धारी ।
पीयूषेण स्फुरित-वसतिस् त्वाम् उदञ्चद्-गुरु-श्रीर्
  लोकातीतः किल मदयिता बल्लवेशस्य लोकः ॥

udāharaṇam,
so’yaṃ rambhā-naṭana-caṭulaiḥ sevyamāno marudbhiḥ
  kamrāśokottama-sumanasāṃ nirbharāmoda-dhārī |
pīyūṣeṇa sphurita-vasatis tvām udañcad-guru-śrīr
  lokātītaḥ kila madayitā ballaveśasya lokaḥ ||

saḥ—He; ayam—this (the well-known one); rambhā—of banana trees (or of Rambhā); naṭana—because of which there is the dancing; caṭulaiḥ—unsteady (or with sweet flattering words); sevyamānaḥ—being served; marudbhiḥ—by the winds (or by the Maruts); kamra—charming; aśoka—aśoka trees; uttama—excellent; sumanasām—of flowers (or kamra-aśoka-uttama-sumanasām—of persons who are desirable, devoid of sorrow, the best, and endowed with good hearts); nirbhara—profuse; āmoda—the fragrance (or the bliss); dhārī—it has; pīyūṣeṇa—because of fresh milk^[1] (or with nectar); sphurita—which thrives (or glitters); vasatiḥ—a place; tvām—you; udañcat—rising; guru—great; śrīḥ—[a place (or the realm),] which has splendor (or udañcad-guru-śrīḥ—where the splendor of gurus rise); loka-atītaḥ—otherworldly; kila—indeed; madayitā—will please; ballava-īśasya—of the chief of cowherds; lokaḥ—the realm.

This is an example. [Kṛṣṇa speaks to Uddhava:]

The realm of the chief of cowherds will certainly delight you. It is served by unsteady winds which make banana trees dance (or it served by the Maruts, whose flattery is accompanied with the dancing of Rambhā). It has the profuse fragrance of the best flowers of lovely aśoka trees (or it sustains the profuse bliss of the best good-hearted persons who are lovely and devoid of sorrow). It is a place that thrives because of fresh milk (or it is a place that glitters with nectar). Therein the splendor is great and keeps increasing (or therein the splendor of gurus keeps rising). It is beyond material civilization (or it is otherworldly). (Uddhava-sandeśa 31)

atra śliṣṭa-viśeṣaṇa-mahimnā svargasya ca pratipādanam.

The perception of Svarga is made to arise by the greatness of paronomastic modifiers.

Commentary:

The subject of description is the realm of the chief of cowherds (ballaveśasya lokaḥ). The paronomastic adjectives suggest heaven. There is a superimposition of heaven’s mode of being unto Nandagrāma’s mode of being. This implied similitude is classed as a vastu-dhvani (implied idea), a characteristic of samāsokti.

The charm of samāsokti lies in the superimposition of the mode of existence of the aprastuta (noncontextual thing or meaning) unto the mode of existence of the prastuta (the contextual thing or meaning) by means of paronomastic modifiers. Mammaṭa said that samāsokti consists of the superimposition of the noncontextual meaning unto the contextual meaning.^[2] Viśvanātha Kavirāja went further by stating that it is a matter of superimposition of behavior (mode of existence).^[3] Paṇḍita-rāja Jagannātha follows Viśvanātha Kavirāja.^[4]

This verse by Kṛṣṇadāsa Kavirāja illustrates samāsokti,

praphulla-punnāga-kṛtāśrayā sadā praphullitāṅgī madhusūdanāśrayā |
āmoda-pūrṇā vara-patra-bhaṅgikā vṛndāvane’sau lasatīha rādhikā ||

“Here in Vṛndāvana, Rādhikā is resplendent. For support She has the cheerful, best of men (or a punnāga tree in bloom). Her limbs are always in full bloom. She has the support of Madhusūdana (or it supports bees). She is filled with bliss (or with fragrance). Her play on words back up those who defend Her lover (or its curves have the best leaves)” (Govinda-līlāmṛta 11.123).

Here the behavior of a creeper, the aprastuta, is superimposed unto Rādhikā, the prastuta (subject of description), solely by the force of paronomastic adjectives.

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

pīyūṣo’bhinavaṃ payaḥ (Amara-koṣa 2.9.54).

[2]:

prakṛtārtha-pratipādaka-vākyena śliṣṭa-viśeṣaṇa-māhātmyāt na tu viśeṣyasya sāmarthyād api yat aprakṛtasyārthasyābhidhānam sā samāsena saṅkṣepeṇārtha-dvaya-kathanāt samāsoktiḥ (Kāvya-prakāśa 10.97).

[3]:

samāsoktiḥ samair yatra kārya-liṅga-viśeṣaṇaiḥ |
vyavahāra-samāropaḥ prakṛte’nyasya vastunaḥ || (Sāhitya-darpaṇa 10.56)

[4]:

yatra prastuta-dharmiko vyavahāraḥ sādhāraṇa-viśeṣaṇa-mātropasthāpitāprastutadharmika-vyavahārābhedena bhāsate sā samāsoktiḥ (Rasa-gaṅgādhara, KM p. 376).