Prakasha, Prakāśa, Prākāśa: 27 definitions

Introduction:

Prakasha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit terms Prakāśa and Prākāśa can be transliterated into English as Prakasa or Prakasha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

[«previous next»] — Prakasha in Purana glossary
Source: Wisdom Library: Varāha-purāṇa

Prakāśa (प्रकाश) is another name for Munideśa, one of the seven regions situated in Krauñcadvīpa, according to the Varāhapurāṇa chapter 88. Krauñcadvīpa is one of the seven islands (dvīpa), ruled over by Jyotiṣmān, one of the ten sons of Priyavrata, son of Svāyambhuva Manu, who was created by Brahmā, who was in turn created by Nārāyaṇa, the unknowable all-pervasive primordial being.

The Varāhapurāṇa is categorised as a Mahāpurāṇa, and was originally composed of 24,000 metrical verses, possibly originating from before the 10th century. It is composed of two parts and Sūta is the main narrator.

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

Prakāśa (प्रकाश).—A brahmin born of the family of Bhṛgu. He was the son of Tamas who belonged to the race of Gṛtsamada. (Śloka 63, Chapter 30, Anuśāsana Parva).

Purana book cover
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The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: WikiPedia: Kashmir Shaivism

Prakāśa (प्रकाश) is a concept of Kashmir Shaivism translated by various authors as “light”, “splendour”, “light of consciousness” (identified with Śiva).

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (philosophy)

Prakāśa (प्रकाश) refers to the “manifesting consciousness”, according to the Īśvarapratyabhijñāvimarśinī 1.178.—Accordingly, “And there is no argument proving [the existence] of the [external object], and the main (mukhya) [argument] refuting [its existence] amounts to this much: the fact that there [can] be no manifestation (prakāśana) [of it] even as a [mere] object of inference if [this object] is distinct from the manifesting consciousness (prakāśa)?”.

Source: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra Tantra

Prakāśa (प्रकाश) refers to “(contracted) manifestations” (such as persons or things), according to the Netratantroddyota commentary on the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 22.11]—“[...] The diversity of the world has passed away from him, [as have] contracted manifestations (prakāśasaṃkucitāḥ prakāśāḥ) [such as persons or things]. He is called the threefold protector because he protects all and he is the liberating, because he is the savior. Śiva is Mṛtyujit, whose nature is Paramaśiva, which is salvation. He protects those whose minds are terrified And this is the nirvacana of netranātha on the basis of similarity of syllables and vowels. [...]”.

Shaivism book cover
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Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

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Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

Prakāśa (प्रकाश).—Name of commentary on Bhartrhari's Vakyapadiya by Punjaraja. 31

Vyakarana book cover
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Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

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Ayurveda (science of life)

Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

Prakāśa (प्रकाश):—Enlightening; caused due to substance with Agni mahabhuta predominance.

Ayurveda book cover
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Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

1) Prakāśa (प्रकाश, “manifestation”) refers to one of the sixteen phases leading to the perception of any object (meya), according to Abhinavagupta’s Mālinīvijayavārtika:—[...] The sixteen phases [i.e., manifestation (prakāśa) ...] leading to the perception of any object, if correctly and fully experienced, culminate in the liberated condition of the sixteenth phase, which is equated with the sixteenth energy of the Moon. [...] To the degree in which objectivity (meyamaya) is made manifest in this way, sixteen-fold, that is said to be the Moon of consciousness (vijñāna) considered to be the basic state (sthiti) of the sixteen energies.

2) Prakāśā (प्रकाशा) refers to the “light (of the void)”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “[...] Active in the utterance (of mantra that takes place) in the centre, she pervades all things with the mass of (her) red and beautiful rays. (She is) the threefold Nityaklinnā, the universal energy of Śiva, the root goddess who pervades (all things). She awakens the Command that has been destroyed and removes the impurities (that sully the) Rule. She alone is capable of piercing the bridge. She is the garland of thirty-two syllables, the awakened Kaulika Command, the supreme energy (well) deployed. Pure, she is the Light of the Void (vyoman-prakāśā) and she pulses radiantly with waves of rays. She alone conjoins (the fettered to) the path of the Siddhas. [...]”.

Shaktism book cover
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Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Shaiva philosophy

Source: archive.org: Chittanubodha Shastram By Bhaskara Kantha

Prakāśa (प्रकाश) is a synonym for “consciousness”.—The Kashmir Śaiva thinkers believe in pluralism because not all human beings are alike and the different paths and Philosophies are meant for different kinds of people. [...] The central conception of the system is that the Supreme Reality, Śiva, is not only Consciousness (prakāśa, saṃvit, cit, etc.) but also Self-reflection (vimarśa). Unlike the Brahman of Advaita Vedānta which is not conscious of itself and inactive, the Supreme Reality here embraces in itself the static and the dynamic, knowledge and action.

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In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā

Prakāśa (प्रकाश) refers to the “(that which is) radiant” (i.e., the sky), according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “When this had been said, the Lord said to the Bodhisattva, the great being Gaganagañja: ‘[...] Just as the sky is imperishable, in the same way, [the Bodhisattva] imperishably transforms [the giving] into the imperishability of the succession of the three jewels when he gives a gift. Just as there is no darkness in the sky, in the same way, [the Bodhisattva] gives a gift without the darkness of all afflictions. Just as the sky is always radiant (sadā-prakāśa), in the same way, [the Bodhisattva] gives a gift with a mind originally pure. [...]’”.

Mahayana book cover
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Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

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Buddhist philosophy

Source: Wisdom Experience: Mind (An excerpt from Science and Philosophy)

Prakāśa (प्रकाश, “luminous”) refers to the “clear (nature of the mind)” (Cf. Prabhāsvara).—Turning now to the nature of mind, our authors focus on the most widely cited account—namely, that mind is clear (Tibetan, gsal ba) and aware (rig pa). Here, the term clear renders two distinct Sanskrit terms that evoke the phenomenal character of mind and also one of its essential properties. In relation to the Sanskrit term prakāśa, the Tibetan translation is most accurately rendered as “luminous,” in the sense that the mind “illuminates” or presents contents, much as a lamp illuminates whatever is nearby. Unlike a physical lamp, however, the mind does not depend on proximity to “illuminate” whatever is present in a moment of consciousness; a concept of the Eiffel Tower, for example, can be presented in consciousness without any need for one to be in Paris.

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India history and geography

Source: Shodhganga: a concise history of Sanskrit Chanda literature (history)

Prakāśa (प्रकाश) is the name of a commentary (on Varivasyārahasya Tripurasundarībāhyavarivasyā) on the topic of Mantraśāstra ascribed to Bhāskararāya (C. 1685-1775 C.E.), a polymath of who composed around forty works covering the subjects of vedānta, mīmāṃsā, vyākaraṇa, nyāya, prosody, kāvya, smṛti, mantraśāstra, Vedic literature. Also see the “New Catalogus Catalogorum” XVII. pp. 133-135.

India history book cover
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The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

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Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

prakāśa (प्रकाश).—m (S) Light, lustre, splendor. 2 Expansion, diffusion, manifestation, lit. fig.; the blowing of a flower; the enlargement or enlightenment of the understanding; the spreading of tidings or intelligence; the explication or development of truth.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

prakāśa (प्रकाश).—m Light, lustre. Expansion.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Prakāśa (प्रकाश).—a.

1) Bright, shining, brilliant; प्रकाशश्चाप्रकाशश्च लोकलोक इवाचलः (prakāśaścāprakāśaśca lokaloka ivācalaḥ) R.1.68; 5.2.

2) Clear, visible, manifest; Śiśupālavadha 12.56; नाहं प्रकाशः सर्वस्य योगमायासमावृतः (nāhaṃ prakāśaḥ sarvasya yogamāyāsamāvṛtaḥ) Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 7.25.

3) Vivid, perspicuous; नयन्ति तेष्वप्युपपन्ननैपुणा गभीरमर्थं कतिचित् प्रकाशताम् (nayanti teṣvapyupapannanaipuṇā gabhīramarthaṃ katicit prakāśatām) Kirātārjunīya 14.4.

4) Famous, renowned, celebrated, noted; जगत्प्रकाशं यशः (jagatprakāśaṃ yaśaḥ) R.3.48; पितुः प्रकाशस्य तव द्वितीयः (pituḥ prakāśasya tava dvitīyaḥ) Pratimā4.9.

5) Open, public.

6) Cleared of trees, open; विपिनानि प्रकाशानि शक्तिमत्त्वाच्चकार सः (vipināni prakāśāni śaktimattvāccakāra saḥ) R.4.31.

7) Blown, expanded.

8) (At the end of comp.) Looking like, like, resembling; महावनं चैत्ररथप्रकाशम् (mahāvanaṃ caitrarathaprakāśam) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 3.177.17.

-śaḥ 1 Light, lustre, splendour, brightness; यथा प्रकाशतमसोः सम्बन्धो नोपपद्यते (yathā prakāśatamasoḥ sambandho nopapadyate) Smṛti.

2) (Fig.) Light, elucidation, explanation (mostly at the end of titles of works); काव्यप्रकाश, भावप्रकाश, तर्कप्रकाश (kāvyaprakāśa, bhāvaprakāśa, tarkaprakāśa) &c.

3) Sunshine; मेघान्तरे सूर्य इव प्रकाशः (meghāntare sūrya iva prakāśaḥ) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 8.7.16.

4) Display, manifestation; Śiśupālavadha 9.5.

5) Fame, renown, celebrity, glory.

6) Expansion, diffusion.

7) Open spot of air; प्रकाशं निर्गतोऽवलोकयामि (prakāśaṃ nirgato'valokayāmi) Ś.4.

8) A golden mirror.

9) A chapter or section (of a book).

1) The gloss on the upper part of a horse's body.

11) Knowledge (jñāna); सर्वद्वारेषु देहेऽस्मिन् प्रकाश उपजायते (sarvadvāreṣu dehe'smin prakāśa upajāyate) Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 14.11.

12) Laughter.

-śam Bell-metal, brass.

-śam ind.

1) Openly, publicly; प्रतिभू- र्दापितो यत् तु प्रकाशं धनिनो धनम् (pratibhū- rdāpito yat tu prakāśaṃ dhanino dhanam) Y.2.56; Manusmṛti 8.193;9.228.

2) Aloud, audibly (used as a stage-direction in drama; opp. ātmagatam).

-śe ind. Openly, publicly.

2) Visibly.

3) In the presence of.

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Prākāśa (प्राकाश).—Ved.

1) A metallic mirror.

2) A kind of ornament.

Derivable forms: prākāśaḥ (प्राकाशः).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Prakāśa (प्रकाश).—nt. for regular m., light: yad andhakāraṃ tat prakāśam iti saṃjānīṣe, yac ca prakāśaṃ tad andha- kāram iti saṃjānīṣe Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 135.4 f. (prose). Perh. attracted to gender of andhakāra.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Prakaśa (प्रकश).—m.

(-śaḥ) Hurting, killing. E. pra, kaś to hurt, aff. ac .

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Prakāśa (प्रकाश).—mfn.

(-śaḥ-śā-śī-śaṃ) 1. Like, resembling. 2. Open, manifest, blown, expanded. 3. Famous, celebrated. 4. Public. n. adv.

(-śaṃ) 1. Openly, publicly. 2. (In dramatic language), Aloud. f.

(-śā) 1. Visible. 2. Shining. 3. Open. 4. Renowned. 5. Expanded. 6. Denuded of trees. 7. Looking like, (at the end of compounds.) m.

(-śaḥ) 1. Sunshine, lustre, light. 2. Expansion, diffusion, manifestation; the word being equally applicable to physical or moral subjects, as the blowing of a flower, diffusion of celebrity, the publicity of an event, or the manifestation of a truth. 3. A laugh, a smile. 4. Publicity. 5. An open spot. 6. A golden mirror. 7. The chapter of a book. 8. Elucidation, (at the end of titles of works.) n.

(-śaṃ) White or bellmetal, brass. E. pra implying motion or eminence, kāś to shine. aff. ac .

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Prakāśa (प्रकाश).—[pra-kāś + a], I. adj., f. śā. 1. Clear, bright, Mahābhārata 3, 12158. 2. Open, manifest, visible, [Rāmāyaṇa] 6, 75, 14. 3. Generally known, [Daśakumāracarita] in Chr. 193, 2. 4. As latter part of comp. adj. Resembling, like, Mahābhārata 3, 914. Ii. śam, adv. 1. Openly, publicly, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 193. 2. (in dramatic language), Aloud, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] 13, 15. Iii. m. 1. Lustre, splendour, light, Böhtl. Ind. Spr. 2132. 2. Manifestation. 3. Publicity. 4. Renown, [Harivaṃśa, (ed. Calc.)] 5224. 5. The open air, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] 46, 7. 6. Loc. śe, In presence, Mahābhārata 12, 8579. Iv. n. White, or bell metal.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Prakāśa (प्रकाश).—[adjective] shining forth, clear, open, manifest; famed, celebrated, renowned, glorious; °— & [neuter] openly, clearly, publicly, aloud. —[masculine] clearness, light, elucidation, explanation [especially] in titles of books), shine, appearance (adj. °— resembling, like); publicity, fame, renown; [locative] [adverb] openly, publicly, before the world. — Abstr. † [feminine], tva† [neuter]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

1) Prakāśa (प्रकाश) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—on verbal roots. Quoted in Mādhavīyadhātuvṛtti.

2) Prakāśa (प्रकाश):—in Dharma. See Karmaprakāśa, Devadāsaprakāśa, Sarvadharmaprakāśa. Quoted by Vācaspatimiśra Oxf. 273^a, by Caṇḍeśvara in Vivādaratnākara, by Raghunandana, Keśava in Dvaitapariśiṣṭa, etc.

3) Prakāśa (प्रकाश):—Tarkasaṃgrahadīpikāṭīkā by Nīlakaṇṭha.

4) Prakāśa (प्रकाश):—Mahābhāṣyaṭīkā by Nārāyaṇaśeṣa.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Prakaśa (प्रकश):—[=pra-kaśa] m. the thong or lash of a whip, [Atharva-veda]

2) [v.s. ...] the urethra (cf. niruddha-p), [Suśruta]

3) [v.s. ...] hurting, killing, [Horace H. Wilson]

4) Prakāśa (प्रकाश):—[=pra-kāśa] [from pra-kāś] mfn. visible, shining, bright, [Śāṅkhāyana-brāhmaṇa; Mahābhārata] etc.

5) [v.s. ...] clear, manifest, open, public, [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc. (nāmadheyam prakāśaṃ kṛtvā, ‘pronouncing a name out loud’ [Śāṅkhāyana-gṛhya-sūtra])

6) [v.s. ...] expanded, [Horace H. Wilson]

7) [v.s. ...] universally noted, famous, celebrated for ([instrumental case] or [compound]), [Mahābhārata; Kālidāsa]

8) [v.s. ...] renowned throughout ([compound]), [Raghuvaṃśa]

9) [v.s. ...] (ifc.) having the appearance of, looking like, resembling, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa] etc.

10) [v.s. ...] [in the beginning of a compound] openly, publicly, before the eyes of all, [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc. (śaṃ nābhyudaikṣata, ‘he did not look up openly’ [Rāmāyaṇa])

11) [=pra-kāśa] [from pra-kāś] m. clearness, brightness, splendour, lustre, light, [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.

12) [v.s. ...] ([figuratively]) light, elucidation, explanation ([especially] at the end of titles of explanatory works e.g. kāvya-, tarkaetc.)

13) [v.s. ...] appearance, display. manifestation, expansion, diffusion, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature; Sāhitya-darpaṇa]

14) [v.s. ...] publicity, fame, renown, glory, [Harivaṃśa]

15) [v.s. ...] sunshine, open spot or air, [Mahābhārata; Śakuntalā; Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa] (śe ind. openly, publicly, before the world, ifc. in the presence of [Mahābhārata; Prabodha-candrodaya])

16) [v.s. ...] the gloss on the upper part of a (horse’s) body, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā] ([Mahīdhara])

17) [v.s. ...] [wrong reading] for prāk, [Taittirīya-brāhmaṇa]

18) [v.s. ...] a chapter, section, [Catalogue(s)]

19) [v.s. ...] Name of sub voce works, [ib.]

20) [v.s. ...] laughter, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

21) [v.s. ...] Name of a Brāhman (son of Tamas), [Mahābhārata]

22) [v.s. ...] of Manu Raivata, [Harivaṃśa]

23) [v.s. ...] ([plural]) the messengers of Viṣṇu, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

24) [v.s. ...] n. bell-metal, brass, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

25) Prākāśa (प्राकाश):—[=prā-kāśa] [from prā] m. a metallic mirror (others ‘a kind of ornament’), [Brāhmaṇa; ???]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Prakaśa (प्रकश):—[pra-kaśa] (śaḥ) 1. m. Hurting; killing.

2) Prakāśa (प्रकाश):—[pra-kāśa] (śaḥ) 1. m. Sunshine, light, manifestation, manifest publicity; a laugh. n. Bell metal. a. Like; famous; expanded; public. adv. (śaṃ) Openly, publicly.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Prakāśa (प्रकाश) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Pagāsa, Payāsa.

[Sanskrit to German]

Prakasha in German

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Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

[«previous next»] — Prakasha in Hindi glossary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Prakāśa (प्रकाश) [Also spelled prakash]:—(nm) light; sunshine; lustre; chapter of a book; ~[kṣepī] a reflector; ~[māpī] lightmeter; -[viśleṣaṇa] photolysis; —[ḍālanā] to throw light on, to elucidate; —[meṃ ānā] to come into lime-light; to come to light; to acquire renown.

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Prakāśa (ಪ್ರಕಾಶ):—

1) [adjective] shining; bright; brilliant.

2) [adjective] that can be seen; perceptible by the eye; visible.

3) [adjective] not faint or blurred; easily seen or heard; sharply defined; distinct; clear.

4) [adjective] famous; favourably known by many.

5) [adjective] made publicly known; announced; published.

6) [adjective] blown; expanded.

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Prakāśa (ಪ್ರಕಾಶ):—

1) [noun] great luster or brightness; brilliance; splendour.

2) [noun] the light of the sun; sunlight.

3) [noun] the act or an instance of appearing; appearance.

4) [noun] widespread reputation; renown; fame.

5) [noun] the state or quality of being equal; correspondence in quantity, degree, value, rank or ability; equality.

6) [noun] an open field.

7) [noun] a main division of a book; a chapter.

8) [noun] the fact or state of knowing; the perception of fact or truth; clear and certain mental apprehension; knowledge.

9) [noun] any of various alloys consisting essentially of copper and tin; bronze.

10) [noun] (dance.) an instance of speaking revealing one’s thoughts to the audiance and other characters on the stage or to oneself.

11) [noun] (jain.) knowledge of external objects.

12) [noun] the extraordinary feature, condition or power of the Supreme Being.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Discover the meaning of prakasha or prakasa in the context of Kannada from relevant books on Exotic India

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