Alternative spellings of this word include Vyavhar.

In Hinduism

Dharmashastra (religious law)

Source: Google Books: Manusmṛti with the Manubhāṣya

1) The term Vyavahāra (व्यवहार, “case”) is the name given to that action of the plaintiff and the defendant which they have recourse to for the purpose of reclaiming their rights. Or, it may stand for the non-payment of debts and such other matters themselves, which often become the subjects of dispute and as such fit for investigation, which thus becomes the duty of the king. (See the Manubhāṣya verse 8.1)

2) The term ‘vyavahāra’ is synonymous to ‘kārya,’ which stands for all such transactions as gifts, deposits, sales and so forth, as also the documents supporting these. (See the Manubhāṣya verse 8.163)

Source: Google Books: A Dharma Reader: Classical Indian Law

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) means a specific kind of law probably relating to social and commercial transactions. The second meaning of vyavahāra means a specific kind of law probably relating to social and commercial transactions. The second meaning of vyavahāra is “lawsuits” and, derivatively, rules of legal procedure associated with them. Perhaps this meaning is derived from the fact that most lawsuits may have involved commercial transactions, and the nonpayment of debts is always the first and paradigmatic area to be dealt with in legal procedure.

context information

Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) refers to “administering the law”.—It is mentioned in Manusmṛti, Chapter 8, that administering the law was of eighteen types in ancient India.

1. Pertaining to giving and taking.
2. Pertaining to the property entrusted to another for keeping.
3. Selling the property by anybody other than its owner.
4. Appropriating gain to oneself in a combined transaction.
5. Not handing over the property which was given as a gift.
6. Non-payment of salary.
7. Disobeying orders.
8. Retaining and doubting the ownership after the completion of a transaction of selling or buying.
9. A law suit between the owner of the cattle and the cowherd or shepherd.
10. Dispute about boundary.
11. Striking another.
12. Reviling others
13. Theft and robbery.
14. Violence.
15. Stealing another’s wife.
16. Matrimonial responsibilities.
17. Partition.
18. Gambling.

Whenever difference of opinion arises between two persons on any of the matter given above, the King should interfere and make a decision. For one reason or another, if the King could not attend the court, three learned Brahmins should enter the court and conduct the trial sitting or standing, and they should not conduct the trial walking to and fro. This was the practice of courts in ancient India.

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) refers to “(one who lays down) the principles of dealing (and worldly conventions)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.11.—Accordingly, as Himavat (Himālaya) eulogised Śiva: “[...] O one engaged in penance, O one the venue of penance; obeisance to Thee the bestower of fruits of penance; obeisance to Thee who lovest penance; obeisance to Thee of the form of Brahman and quiescent. Obeisance to Thee who lay down the principles of dealings and worldly conventions [i.e., vyavahāra-kāra—vyavahārakarāyaiva lokācārakarāya te]; obeisance to the great Śiva full of attributes; obeisance to Thee the great soul. [...]”.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) refers to “daily life” (in the world), according to the Mahānayaprakāśa verse 2.1-35, while explaining the cycles of the goddesses of consciousness.—Accordingly, “Daily life (vyavahāra) in the world is predominantly of the nature of action; accordingly, knowledge of the Pīṭhakrama is explained in terms of that. With this intention, the teacher makes the fettered (disciple) (paśu) a recipient of the tradition once he has eaten the sacrificial pap (caru)”.

context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Shaiva philosophy

Source: Google Books: The philosophy of the Pratyabhijñā

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) refers to “worldly activity”, according to Abhinavagupta’s Īśvarapratyabhijñāvimarśinī (also known as the “doctrine of divine recognition”) with the Sanskrit commentary called Bhāskarī.—Accordingly, [Vol. I, p. 261-262] [automatically translated from the French]: At the time of worldly activity (vyavahāra) between the various [subjects—in other words, during] buying and selling, contemplation of a spectacle, explanation [of a text], etc. ., the Lord (prabhu), by “penetrating” the bodies, vital energies, etc., which belong to [such particular individual] as Caitra or Maitra—[in other words, by penetrating these objects] in such a way that they are one from the point of view of this [particular] manifestation only—, manifested “externally”, in the form of a one phenomenon, that which is “manifested internally”—[in other words, that] which does not has not abandoned its inner luminosity. [...] During the worldly activity [vyavahāra], the Lord creates (sṛj-) unity with this or that subject, destroys (saṃhṛ-) unity with [such] other subject, carries out [the cosmic operation of] maintenance (sthiti) with respect to that which consists of a simple [object] such as the pot, etc., imposes obscuration (tirobhāva) by obliterating its complete nature, [and] produces grace (anugraha) by conferring completeness by the manifestation of unity in this particular manifestation. [Cf. Kṛtyapañcaka] [...]

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (philosophy)

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) refers to the “sphere of ordinary human practice”.—In Īśvarapratyabhijñākārikā 1.5.6, Utpaladeva shows that the sphere of ordinary human practice (vyavahāra) functions on the mere basis of phenomena (so that from this practical point of view, at least, all inquiries into the existence of an external reality are useless) and that further, an external object is not even rationally possible, so that there is no point in assuming the existence of such an absurd object.

context information

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Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)

Source: archive.org: Hindu Mathematics

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) refers to “calculations (relating to mixed quantities)” according to the principle of Interest which is a section of pāṭīgaṇita (“science of calculation which requires the use of writing material—the board”) in ancient Indian mathematics (gaṇita-śāstra).—The ordinary problems relating to the finding out of interest, principal or time etc., the other quantities being given, occur in the section dealing with the Rule of Five. The Hindu works generally contain a section called miśraka-vyavahāra (“calculations relating to mixed quantities”) in which occur miscellaneous problems on interest. The contents of this section vary in different works, according to their size and scope. Thus the Āryabhaṭīya contains only one rule relating to a problem on interest, whilst the Gaṇitasāra-saṃgraha has a large number of such rules and problems.

context information

Ganita (गणित) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.

Yoga (school of philosophy)

Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) refers to “mundane activity”, according to verse 6.21.14 of the Mokṣopāya.—Accordingly, as Bhuśuṇḍa said to Vasiṣṭha: “When mundane activity (vyavahāra) in the usual state of the world has fallen [into disarray] at the end of [the world's] duration, then I leave my nest like an ungrateful person [leaves] a good friend. I remain in the ether, all my conceptual thinking has disappeared, and my constitution and body are immobilized so that my mind is without habitual tendencies. [...]”.

context information

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)

Source: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) refers to “dispensing justice”, according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, “[...] It has been said that there are eighteen addictions. These are the outcome of the desire for earthly enjovments. [...] Rudeness of speech means indecent and abusive utterances. It is good when inflicting punishment and dispensing justice (vyavahāra). [...]”.

context information

This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) refers to “conventional expression”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[...] The Bodhisattva Gaganagañja then sustained the jewel-canopy of ten thousand yojanas high over the Lord’s lion throne in the sky, joined the palms of his hands, saluted, and praised the Lord with these suitable verses: ‘[...] (14) According to what is essentially a conventional expression (vyavahāra) you attained the supreme enlightenment (agrabodhi), but, really, that is ineffable (anudāhāra) since there is neither attainment nor non-attainment (prāpta-aprāpta). You obtain the dharma wheel as you attain awakening, but the turning is really without any distinguishing mark, and as such the entrance into neither turning nor non-turning. [...]”.

context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: Google Books: The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems

Vyāvahara (व्यावहर) (or: Saṃvṛti) (Sanskrit; in Tibetan: tha snyad pa; or: kun rdzob) — (lit. “Conventional”) — In Madhyamaka thought, one of the two levels of discourse or truth Unlike ultimate discourse, the conventional conceals the true nature of things, and is a mere nominal designation, acceptable by worldly standards but unable to withstand analysis, hence sublated in the attainment of an ultimate realization

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार, “analytic”) refers to one of the seven types of naya (standpoint), according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 1.33.—To cognize an entity by looking at its attributes as primary and secondary depending on the intentions of the speaker or listener is called naya (standpoint/viewpoint).

What is meant by analytic viewpoint (vyavahāra-naya)? To differentiate the entities cognized in the synthetic viewpoint in a proper manner distinguishing them in different classes /types, e.g. there are two types of substances, namely: living beings and non-living beings. Similarly, living beings are of two types, namely: empirical and pure living beings.

Source: University of Cambridge: Jainism

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) or Vyavahārasūtra refers to a type of Chedasūtra of the Śvetāmbara canon dealing with monastic atonements, in its original Ardhamāgadhī Prakrit together with a Gujarati quasi-literal translation. This is a type of commentary known as ṭabo because of its layout: the Gujarati part is above each line of the main text, written in smaller script, and is divided into small compartments where the Prakrit words are referred to only by their initial syllable.

Source: academia.edu: Tessitori Collection I

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) refers to “ethical business”, according to the Vyavahārasuddhacaupaī by Samayasundara (dealing with the lives of Jain teachers), which is included in the collection of manuscripts at the ‘Vincenzo Joppi’ library, collected by Luigi Pio Tessitori during his visit to Rajasthan between 1914 and 1919.—The Vyavahārasuddhacaupaī was composed in VS 1696 (= 1639 CE) in Ahmedabad, as indicated at the end. A fairly long preamble deals with the 21 layman’s qualities and the qualities of ethical business (vyavahāra-śuddhi), which means not lying, not cheating, being accurate, etc. [...]

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Vyavahāra.—cf. vyavahāra-pade (LP), ‘as a tax from mer- chants’. Note: vyavahāra is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

vyavahāra (व्यवहार).—m (S) Operation or action generally; work, exercise. 2 Procedure, practice, course of action or being. 3 Trade, traffic, dealing, commerce, business: also a trade or business, an employment, occupation, profession, vocation. 4 The practice of the courts of law. 5 A lawsuit: also any matter actionable or cognizable in a court of law.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

vyavahāra (व्यवहार).—m Operation or action. Practice. Trade.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार).—1 Conduct, behaviour, action.

2) Affair, business, work; कुटुम्बार्थेऽध्यधीनोऽप व्यवहारं यमाचरेत् (kuṭumbārthe'dhyadhīno'pa vyavahāraṃ yamācaret) Ms. 8.167.

3) Profession, occupation.

4) Dealing, transaction.

5) Commerce, trade, traffic.

6) Dealing in money, usury.

7) Usage, custom, an established rule or practice.

8) Relation, connection; तेषां च व्यवहारोऽयं परस्परनिबन्धनः (teṣāṃ ca vyavahāro'yaṃ parasparanibandhanaḥ) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1.79.

9) Judicial procedure, trial or investigation of a case, administration of justice; व्यवहारस्तमाह्वयति (vyavahārastamāhvayati); अलं लज्जया व्यवहारस्त्वां पृच्छति (alaṃ lajjayā vyavahārastvāṃ pṛcchati) Mṛcchakaṭika 9; व्यवहारस्थापना (vyavahārasthāpanā) Kau. A.3; Manusmṛti 8.1; शिवं सिषेवे व्यवहारलब्धम् (śivaṃ siṣeve vyavahāralabdham) Bu. Ch.2.4.

1) A legal dispute, complaint, suit, law-suit, litigation; व्यवहारोऽयं चारुदत्तमवलम्बते, इति लिख्यतां व्यवहारस्य प्रथमः पादः, केन सह मम व्यवहारः (vyavahāro'yaṃ cārudattamavalambate, iti likhyatāṃ vyavahārasya prathamaḥ pādaḥ, kena saha mama vyavahāraḥ) Mṛcchakaṭika 9; ददर्श संशय- च्छेद्यान् व्यवहारानतन्द्रितः (dadarśa saṃśaya- cchedyān vyavahārānatandritaḥ) R.17.39.

11) A title of legal procedure, any occasion of litigation.

12) A contract; असंबद्धकृतश्चैव व्यवहारो न सिद्धति (asaṃbaddhakṛtaścaiva vyavahāro na siddhati) Manusmṛti 8.163.

13) Mathematical process.

14) Competency to manage one's own affairs; majority.

15) A sword.

Derivable forms: vyavahāraḥ (व्यवहारः).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार).—m. (1) (much as in Sanskrit, [Boehtlingk and Roth] s.v. 8, compare 7; designation, term, in [Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit] with implication of superficiality, lack of substance, e.g. Śatasāhasrikā-prajñāpāramitā 1334.18 °ra-mātra = nāma- mātra 19), manner of speech: ārya-°ra (= Pali ariya- vohāra, see Critical Pali Dictionary), eight (as in Pali), Bodhisattvabhūmi 220.7, 11 (dṛṣṭe dṛṣṭavāditā, etc.); aṣṭau °ra-padāni Bodhisattvabhūmi 389.13, 16 (evaṃnāmā, evaṃjātyaḥ, etc.); ṣaḍ °ra-pada-caritāni 19 ff. (āhvānāya saṃketaḥ, etc.); saṃvṛti-°ra Sukhāvatīvyūha 42.11, see saṃvṛti; (2) motion, gesture: (hasta-) °reṇa (contemptu- ously) uddeṣṭum ārabdhaḥ Mūla-Sarvāstivāda-Vinaya ii.190.9; so also hasta- vyavahārakeṇa ib. 188.12.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार).—m.

(-raḥ) 1. The practice of the courts, or civil and criminal law, judicial procedure, administrative justice, as the examination of evidence, &c. 2. Title of jurisprudence, any act cognizable in courts of justice. 3. Contest at law, law suit, litigation. 4. Usage, custom. 5. Conduct. 6. Profession, business. 7. Steadiness, property, adherence to law and custom. 8. A contract. 9. A sort of tree. 10. Mathematical or arithmetical determination or ascertainment. E. vi, and ava implying dissension, and hṛ to take, aff. ghañ, the term being explained to mean especially, a dispute between two parties, or the counter statements of plaintiff and defendant.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार).—i. e. vi-ava-hṛ + a, m. 1. Doing, performing, Bhā- ṣāp. 105 (gaṇana-, Numbering); [Lassen, Anthologia Sanskritica.] 76, 9; occupation, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] 104, 23; action, [Mālatīmādhava, (ed. Calc.)] 70, 6. 2. Affair, [Uttara Rāmacarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 127, 3 (nāsya vyavahāro streshu, He has nothing with weapons); [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 420. 3. Profession, business, [Pañcatantra] i. [distich] 91. 4. Pecuniary transaction, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 3, 64; usury, [Pañcatantra] i. [distich] 12. 5. Petty traffic, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 7, 137; trade, [Pañcatantra] 7, 17. 6. Usage, custom, [Hitopadeśa] 58, 18. 7. Conduct, [Hitopadeśa] i. [distich] 57; 70, M. M. 8. Practice of the courts, or civil and criminal law, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 148; judicial proceeding, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 1. 9. Administration of justice, Journ. of the German Oriental Society, vii. 528. 10. Any acts cognisable in courts. 11. An occurrence which must be inquired, an important affair, [Pañcatantra] 45, 13. 12. Lawsuit, [Pañcatantra] 165, 4. 13. A contract.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार).—[masculine] procedure, conduct, way of acting; intercourse with (saha); usage, custom, activity, occupation, dealing with or in ([locative] or —°); business, commerce, trade; legal dispute, lawsuit, litigation, contract, stipulation, administration of justice.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—from the Agnipurāṇa. Burnell. 187^b. See Oxf. 7^b.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Vyavahāra (व्यवहार):—[=vy-avahāra] [from vyava-hṛ] m. doing, performing, action, practice, conduct, behaviour, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc. (vyavahāraḥ kāryaḥ, with [instrumental case], ‘it should be acted according to’)

2) [v.s. ...] commerce or intercourse with (saha or [compound]), [Nirukta, by Yāska; Kāmandakīya-nītisāra] etc.

3) [v.s. ...] affair, matter, [Nīlakaṇṭha]

4) [v.s. ...] usage, custom, wont, ordinary life, common practice, [Patañjali; Bhāgavata-purāṇa; Hitopadeśa]

5) [v.s. ...] activity, action or practice of occupation or business with ([locative case] or [compound]), [Inscriptions; Kāvya literature; Kathāsaritsāgara]

6) [v.s. ...] mercantile transaction, traffic, trade with, dealing in ([compound]), [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.

7) [v.s. ...] a contract, [Manu-smṛti viii, 163]

8) [v.s. ...] legal procedure, contest at law with (saha), litigation, lawsuit, legal process (See -mātṛkā below), [Manu-smṛti; Yājñavalkya] etc.

9) [v.s. ...] practices of law and kingly government, [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 209]

10) [v.s. ...] mathematical process, [Colebrooke]

11) [v.s. ...] administration of justice, [Gautama-dharma-śāstra]

12) [v.s. ...] ([figuratively]) punishment, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

13) [v.s. ...] competency to manage one’s own affairs, majority (in law), [ib.]

14) [v.s. ...] propriety, adherence to law or custom, [ib.]

15) [v.s. ...] the use of an expression, with regard to, speaking about (tair eva vyavahāraḥ, ‘just about these is the question’, ‘it is to these that the discussion has reference’), [Kapila; Sāhitya-darpaṇa; Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]

16) [v.s. ...] designation, [Jaimini [Scholiast or Commentator]]

17) [v.s. ...] compulsory work, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

18) [v.s. ...] a sword, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

19) [v.s. ...] a sort of tree, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

20) [v.s. ...] Name of a [chapter] of the Agni-purāṇa.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार):—[vyava-hāra] (raḥ) 1. m. Contest at law; judicial procedure; steadiness; practice; a contract; business.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Vavahāra.

[Sanskrit to German]

Vyavahara in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार) [Also spelled vyavhar]:—(nm) behaviour; dealings, treatment; transaction; practice; usage, use; application; —[aura siddhāṃta] practice and theory; -[kalā] art of behaviour; ~[kuśala] tactful in one’s dealings, worldly wise, knowing the ways of the world; -[kuśalatā] tactfulness, worldly wisdom; knowledge of the ways of the world; ~[ta]: in practice, as a matter of practice; —[meṃ] in practice; ~[vāda] positivism; ~[vādī] a positivist; positivistic; —[karanā] to behave; to treat; to use; to act; to deal; to apply.

context information

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Vyavahāra (ವ್ಯವಹಾರ):—

1) [noun] any occupation pursued as a business or livelihood.

2) [noun] the act or process of buying, selling or exchanging commodities, at either wholesale or retail, within a country or between countries; trade; commerce.

3) [noun] a field of business activity; a trade.

4) [noun] the way a person behaves or acts; conduct; manners.

5) [noun] a regular, more or less unvarying procedure, customary, prescribed or habitual, as of business or daily life; routine.

6) [noun] the state of being associated; companionship; association.

7) [noun] a usual practice or habitual way of behaving; a habit; a custom.

8) [noun] the act or process of carrying on a lawsuit; litigation.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

Vyavahāra (व्यवहार):—n. 1. conduct; behavior; 2. business; work; affair; 3. profession; occupation; 4. transaction; dealing; 5. commerce; trade; 6. relation; connection; 7. trial; judicial procedure;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

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