Sumanas, Su-manas: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Sumanas means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botanySumanas (सुमनस्) is another name for Mahākarañja, which is a Sanskrit word referring to Millettia piscidia. It is classified as a medicinal plant in the system of Āyurveda (science of Indian medicine) and is used throughout literature such as the Suśrutasaṃhita and the Carakasaṃhitā. The synonym was identified in the Rājanighaṇṭu (verse 7.69), which is a 13th century medicinal thesaurus.
Source: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval IndiaSumanas (सुमनस्) refers to “spanish jasmine” and is mentioned as one of the fruits used in the treatment of aggravated phlegm, according to the 17th century Bhojanakutūhala (dravyaguṇāguṇa-kathana), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—Procedure to alleviate kapha (phlegm) after meals: The excess phlegm in the human body can lead to the weakening of digestive fire. Sleeping immediately after the meal will result in the aggravation of phlegm. The excess phlegm must be alleviated by employing fumes of the fragrant substances or consuming fruits [like sumanas (spanish jasmine), ...]. After a meal, one must walk a few steps. Practising this lightens the food mass and imparts comfort in the neck, knees and loins. [...]
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia1) Sumanas (सुमनस्).—A kirāta (forest tribe) king who flourished in Yudhiṣṭhira’s court. (Mahābhārata Sabhā Parva, Chapter 4, Verse 25).
2) Sumanas (सुमनस्).—A king in ancient India who worshipped Yama in his court. (Mahābhārata Sabhā Parva, Chapter 9, Verse 13).
3) Sumanas (सुमनस्).—A Kekaya princess who lived in Devaloka. She once held a discussion on spiritual topics with Śāṇḍilīdevī. (Anuśāsana Parva, Chapter 123).
4) Sumanas (सुमनस्).—A son of Pūru in Dhruva’s lineage. Pūru had six mighty sons by his wife Atrī, viz. Aṅga, Sumanas, Svātī, Kratu, Aṅgiras and Gaya. (Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 13).
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Kavya (poetry)
Source: Wisdom Library: Kathāsaritsāgara1) Sumanas (सुमनस्) is the name of a Brāhman according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 56. Accordingly, “... Queen [Bandhumatī], I have not seen your husband anywhere, but I, who have to-day come to your house, am named, not without reason, the Brāhman Sumanas, so you will quickly have your wishes satisfied; thus my heart tells me”.
2) Sumanas (सुमनस्) is the name of an ancient king from Kāñcanapurī, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 58. Accordingly, as Śaktiyaśas said to Naravāhanadatta: “... in old time there was a city named Kāñcanapurī, and in it there lived a great king named Sumanas. He was of extraordinary splendour, and, crossing difficult and inaccessible regions, he conquered the fortresses and fastnesses of his foes”.
3) Sumanas (सुमनस्) is the daughter of Jayadatta from Ratnākara, as mentioned in the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 123. Accordingly, as Sumanas said: “... I am the daughter of a crest-jewel of Brāhmans, named Jayadatta, who lived in the city of Ratnākara. My name is Sumanas, and one night I was married to a certain handsome young Brāhman, who was a suitable match for me”.
The Kathāsaritsāgara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning Sumanas, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravāhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyādharas (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇāḍhya’s Bṛhatkathā consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra1) Sumanas (सुमनस्) refers to one of the four bodhivṛkṣadevatās “deity of the Bodhi-tree” according to the according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter VI). In the Lalitavistara the bodhivṛkṣadevatās are four in number: Veṇu, Valgu, Sumanas and Ojāpati. In the same place, there is a detailed description of the bodhi tree.
2) Sumanas (सुमनस्) (also called Sumana or Karṇasumana) is the name of a Buddhist Bhikṣu according to chapter XLV.—Accordingly, “the Bhikṣu Karṇasumana, in a previous lifetime, saw the stūpa of the Buddha Vipaśyin and gave it the sumanā flower that he was wearing behind his ear. As a result of this, for eighty-one kalpas he enjoyed happiness among gods and men and, in his last lifetime, he had behind his ear a sumanā flower the perfume of which filled the whole house; this is why he was called Karṇasumana. Then, disgusted with the world, he went forth from home and obtained the Bodhi of the Arhats”.
Source: archive.org: Bulletin of the French School of the Far East (volume 5)Sumanas (सुमनस्) [?] is the name of a Nāgarāja appointed as one of the Divine protector deities of Magadha, according to chapter 17 of the Candragarbha: the 55th section of the Mahāsaṃnipāta-sūtra, a large compilation of Sūtras (texts) in Mahāyāna Buddhism partly available in Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese.—In the Candragarbhasūtra, the Bhagavat invites all classes of Gods and Deities to protect the Law [dharma?] and the faithful in their respective kingdoms of Jambudvīpa [e.g., the Nāgarāja Sumanas in Magadha], resembling the time of the past Buddhas.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan BuddhismSumanas (सुमनस्) is the name of a Tathāgata (Buddha) mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Sumanas).
Source: 84000: Sampuṭodbhava Tantra (Emergence from Sampuṭa)Sumanas (सुमनस्) refers to one of the primary thirty-two energy-channels in the body, according to the Sampuṭodbhavatantra chapter 1.—Accordingly, “[Vajragarbha asked, ‘What subtle energy channels are in the body?’]—The Blessed One said, ‘There are one hundred and twenty of them, corresponding to the divisions within the four cakras. The chief ones, those with bodhicitta as their innate nature, are thirty-two in number. They are: [i.e., Sumanas] [...]’.”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: Wisdom Library: JainismSumanas (सुमनस्) refers to a species of Graiveyaka gods, who are in turn a subclass of the Kalpātīta gods, according to Jain cosmological texts in both the Śvetāmbara and Digambara tradition. It is also known by the name Somanasa. The Kalpātīta (those born beyond heavens) represent a sub-species of the Vaimānika gods, which in turn represents the fourth main classification of devas (gods).
The Graiveyakas (e.g., the Sumanas) do not bind karmans, are 1-sensed class of beings and have an immovable body, warm splendour, cold lustre, animal state of existence, ānupūrvī and āyus.
Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra1) Sumanas (सुमनस्) is the name of Sanatkumāra’s vimāna (celestial car), according to chapter 1.2 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism. Accordingly, “[...] Sanatkumāra, surrounded by gods living in the twelve lacs of palaces, came in the car Sumanas”.
2) Sumanas (सुमनस्) is the name of an ancient Muni, according to chapter 5.3 [śāntinātha-caritra].—Accordingly, as king Vajrāyudha said to the Vidyādhara Pavanavega:—“[...] Datta, tormented by the fire of separation from her, wandered like a crazy man in every direction in the garden, thinking of Prabhaṅkarā. As he was wandering there, he saw the best of Munis, Sumanas, the sight of whom is a collyrium of nectar for the eye. At that time the omniscience of Muni Sumanas appeared, day for the destruction of the darkness of ignorance, from the destruction of the ghātikarmas. The gods celebrated the omniscience-festival and Datta worshipped the muni’s lotus-feet. [...]”.
3) Sumanas (सुमनस्) is the wife of Vidyādhara King Hiraṇyābha, according to the Jain Ramayana and chapter 7.2 [Rāvaṇa’s expedition of conquest].—Accordingly, “[...] At Mahendra’s instructions the ministers had accurate pictures made on canvas of each one and brought them and showed them to him. Among these one day the minister showed Mahendra the portrait of Vidyutprabha, the son of the Vidyādhara-lord, Hiraṇyābha, and his wife, Sumanas, and the handsome portrait of Pavanañjaya, the son of Prahlāda. The king said to the minister, ‘These two are handsome and well-born. Which one of them is the husband for the girl?’ [...]”;
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionarySumanas (सुमनस्).—a.
1) good-minded, of a good disposition, benevolent; शान्तसंकल्पः सुमना यथा स्याद्वीतमन्युर्गौतमो माभिमृत्यो (śāntasaṃkalpaḥ sumanā yathā syādvītamanyurgautamo mābhimṛtyo) Kaṭh.1.1.
2) well-pleased, satisfied; (hence -sumanībhū = to be at ease; jite nṛpārau samanībhavanti śadbāyamānānyaśanairaśaṅkam Bhaṭṭikāvya 2.54.). (-m.)
Sumanas is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms su and manas (मनस्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionarySumanas (सुमनस्).—m.
(-nāḥ) 1. A god, an immortal. 2. A Pand'it, a learned man or teacher. 3. A student of the Vedas, and supplementary sciences. 4. A plant, (Cæsalpinia Bonducella.) 5. Wheat. 6. The Nimba-tree. mn.
(-nāḥ-naḥ) or fem., but then always plur., even in the singular acceptation.
(-saḥ) A flower in general. f. sing.
(-nāḥ) Great-flowered jasmine. Adj. 1. Good-minded. 2. Well-pleased. E. su well, excellent, man to think, asi aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionarySumanas (सुमनस्).—I. adj. satisfied, [Lassen, Anthologia Sanskritica.] 54, 20. Ii. m. 1. a god. 2. a learned man. 3. a student of the Vedas. 4. wheat. 5. the name of two plants. Ii. m. n. and f. (the last only pl.), a flower, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 2, 182. Iii. f. sī, great flowered jasmine.
Sumanas is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms su and manas (मनस्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionarySumanas (सुमनस्).—[adjective] well-disposed, kind; cheerful. glad; [feminine] (only [plural]) & [neuter] flower.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Sumanas (सुमनस्):—[=su-manas] [from su > su-ma] mfn. good-minded, well-disposed, benevolent, gracious, favourable, pleasant, agreeable, [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda; Gobhila-śrāddha-kalpa; Kaṭha-upaniṣad]
2) [v.s. ...] well pleased, satisfied, cheerful, easy, comfortable, [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.
3) [v.s. ...] wise, intelligent, [Kāvya literature; Kathāsaritsāgara]
4) [v.s. ...] m. a god, [Śiśupāla-vadha; Śārṅgadhara-paddhati] (cf. -manokasa below)
5) [v.s. ...] a good or wise man, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) [v.s. ...] Name of various plants ([according to] to [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] ‘wheat, a kind of Karañja, Azadirachta Indica, Guilandina Bonduc’), [Suśruta]
7) [v.s. ...] Name of a Dānava, [Harivaṃśa]
8) [v.s. ...] of a son of Uru and Āgneyī, [ib.]
9) [v.s. ...] of a son of Ulmuka, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
10) [v.s. ...] of a son of Hary-aśva, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa]
11) [v.s. ...] of various other men, [Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa; Kathāsaritsāgara]
12) [v.s. ...] ([plural]) Name of a [particular] class of gods under the 12th Manu, [Purāṇa]
13) [v.s. ...] f. ([plural] or in [compound]) flowers, [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
14) [v.s. ...] great-flowering jasmine, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
15) [v.s. ...] Name of the wife of Madhu and mother of Vīra-vrata, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
16) [v.s. ...] of various other women, [Kathāsaritsāgara]
17) [v.s. ...] n. a flower, [Śatruṃjaya-māhātmya]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionarySumanas (सुमनस्):—(nāḥ) 5. m. A god; pandit; wheat; nimb tree. m. n. and fem. plu. A flower.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Sumanas (सुमनस्) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Sumaṇa, Sumaṇasa, Sumaṇasā, Sumaṇā.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Sumanahphala, Sumanasa, Sumanasara, Sumanasavani, Sumanaska, Sumanasoru, Sumanassu, Sumanasvi, Sumanasy, Sumanasya.
Ends with: Acalitasumanas, Achalitasumanas, Devasumanas, Japasumanas, Shamisumanas, Shmashanasumanas, Vasumanas.
Full-text (+60): Saumanasa, Saumanasya, Sumanasa, Sumana, Saumanasayana, Viravrata, Sumanokasa, Sunaman, Sumanikar, Sumanottara, Pitrivana, Sumanorajas, Sumanahphala, Sumanobhara, Devasumanas, Saumana, Sumanay, Svati, Somanassa, Ojapati.
Relevant text
Search found 26 books and stories containing Sumanas, Su-manas; (plurals include: Sumanases, manases). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
The Avadāna of Sumana (or Sumanas, Karṇasumana) < [Part 1 - Obtaining easily an immense qualification]
III. Puṇyakriyāvastu consisting of meditation < [Part 5 - Establishing beings in the puṇyakriyāvastus]
Appendix 2 - The deity of the Bodhi tree (bodhivṛkṣadevatā) < [Chapter VI - The Great Bhikṣu Saṃgha]
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story) (by Somadeva)
Chapter LIX < [Book X - Śaktiyaśas]
Chapter CXXIII < [Book XVIII - Viṣamaśīla]
Note on the story of king Sumanas < [Notes]
The Shiva Purana (by J. L. Shastri)
Chapter 41 - The attainment of the seven hunters < [Section 5 - Umā-Saṃhitā]
Chapter 30 - Description of Creation < [Section 5 - Umā-Saṃhitā]
Chapter 18 - Seven continents (varṣa) < [Section 5 - Umā-Saṃhitā]
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 11: Origin of Dhūmaketu’s enmity < [Chapter VI - Marriage of Kṛṣṇa with Rukmiṇī and others]
Part 6: Previous births of Śāntimatī and Ajitasena < [Chapter III - Eighth incarnation as Vajrāyudha]
Part 32: Description of the Upper World (ūrdhvaloka) < [Chapter III - The initiation and omniscience of Ajita]
The Markandeya Purana (by Frederick Eden Pargiter)