Bhaskara, Bhāskara: 30 definitions

Introduction:

Bhaskara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Bhaskar.

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In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

[«previous next»] — Bhaskara in Purana glossary
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

Bhāskara (भास्कर).—One of the Dvādaśādityas born of Kaśyapa prajāpati and Aditi. (Anuśāsana Parva, Verse 150).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

Bhāskara (भास्कर).—(Āditya, Sūrya): an epithet of the Sun;1 creator of days and therefore of time; is Samvatsara;2 vanquished by Rāvaṇa;3 devotees of, reach Śivālayam by dying at Benares;4 the maṇḍalam of, 9000 yojanas in extent, twice that of the Moon;5 dvādaśātma.6

  • 1) Matsya-purāṇa 11. 10; 93. 13; Vāyu-purāṇa 31. 35, 37; Viṣṇu-purāṇa II. 8. 2; VI. 7. 3 and 20.
  • 2) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 13. 124, 126; 21. 6.
  • 3) Ib. III. 5. 79; 7. 254; IV. 9. 35.
  • 4) Matsya-purāṇa 183. 104.
  • 5) Vāyu-purāṇa 50. 61, 63.
  • 6) Ib. 53. 42.
Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

Bhāskara (भास्कर) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. IX.44.28, XIV.8.15, XIV.8) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Bhāskara) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

Source: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical study

Bhāskara (भास्कर) (sun-god) is the son of Aditi and Kaśyapa according to the Vaṃśānucarita section of the 10th century Saurapurāṇa: one of the various Upapurāṇas depicting Śaivism.—Accordingly, The Saurapurāṇa 30.27-73 and chapter 31 descibes the vaṃśānucarita in an abridged form. It is stated that Aditi got from Kaśyapa, Bhāskara, the Sun-god. The Sun-god had four wives—Saṃjñā, Rājñī, Prabhā and Chāyā. Saṃjñā gave birth to Manu from the Sun-god in whose race were born the kings.

Purana book cover
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The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Śāktism

Bhāskara (भास्कर) refers to one of the 53 gods to be worshipped in the eastern quarter and given pāyasa (rice boiled in milk) according to the Vāstuyāga rite in Śaktism (cf. Śāradātilaka-tantra III-V). The worship of these 53 gods happens after assigning them to one of the 64 compartment while constructing a Balimaṇḍapa. Vāstu is the name of a prodigious demon, who was killed by 53 gods (e.g., Bhāskara).

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

1) Bhāskara (भास्कर) refers to the “illuminator”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “[...] (8) In the middle of it is the form of light (bhārūpa) which is the power (bala) in the subtle essence (tanmātra) of the Point. One should contemplate that, the Half Moon. It is the illuminator (bhāskara) of the knowledge of the fragment of the moon (khaṇḍendu). ***? Pure, it should be perceived above the Point. [...] (Perfect) contemplation (samādhi) is with (these) sixteen aspects and is (attained) within the form of the sixfold deposition (ṣoḍhānyāsa). He who knows this is (a veritable) Lord of Yogis, the others (who do not) are (just) quoting from books. Once attained the plane that is Void and Non-void, the yogi is freed from bondage”.

2) Bhāskara (भास्कर) refers to one of the twenty-one spheres of the rūpa state, according to Tantric texts such as the Kubjikāmata-tantra, the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Chapter nineteen of the Kubjikāmatatantra begins with an exposition of the state called Form (rūpa). This is manifest in twenty-one spheres (cakra) [i.e., Bhāskara] of ‘millions’ (koṭi) of energies arranged along the axis of the head starting with the throat, up through the eyebrows and beyond. [...]

Shaktism book cover
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Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)

Source: Shodhganga: a concise history of Sanskrit Chanda literature

Bhāskara (भास्कर), son Rāmasvāmi Dīkṣita, is the author of the Vṛttalakṣyalakṣaṇasaṅgraha.—Bhāskara starts his work after saluting his father. Besides Vṛttalakṣyalakṣaṇasaṅgraha, Bhāskara has also composed two more texts and also commented on them. The texts and commentaries viz.: Padāntadīpinī (based on Ṛkprātiśākhya of Śaunaka with commentary), Śabdodāharaṇakāvya or Sītārāmīya (with commentary).

Chandas book cover
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Chandas (छन्दस्) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.

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Ayurveda (science of life)

Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)

Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-śāstra

Bhāskara (भास्कर) or Bhāskararasa is the name of an Ayurvedic recipe defined in the fourth volume of the Rasajalanidhi (chapter 4, ajīrṇa: indigestion). These remedies are classified as Iatrochemistry and form part of the ancient Indian science known as Rasaśāstra (medical alchemy). However, since it is an ayurveda treatment it should be taken with caution and in accordance with rules laid down in the texts.

Accordingly, when using such recipes (e.g., bhāskara-rasa): “the minerals (uparasa), poisons (viṣa), and other drugs (except herbs), referred to as ingredients of medicines, are to be duly purified and incinerated, as the case may be, in accordance with the processes laid out in the texts.” (see introduction to Iatro chemical medicines)

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Source: archive.org: Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)

Bhāskara (भास्कर) by Uppoṭṭa Kaṇṇan is the name of a Malayalam commentary on the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā: one of the three great works of Vāgbhaṭa.—The Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā consists only of verses. The eight-fold division is observed in the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā too, though not as strictly as in the Aṣṭāṅgasaṃgraha. Numerous commentaries on the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā [viz., the Bhāskara], many of them unedited so far, can be traced in manuscripts, catalogues, publishers’ lists, etc.

Ayurveda book cover
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Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra Tantra

Bhāskara (भास्कर) refers to the “sun”, according to the Svacchanda-tantra.—Accordingly, [verse 4.8-13, while describing auspicious dreams]—“[The dreamer] crosses over the ocean and river. Likewise sunrise (bhāskara-udayana) and indeed blazing fire [are auspicious. Also auspicious is when the dreamer] sees planets, constellations, stars and the disk of the moon. [When the dreamer] ascends the palace or a turret of the palace, climbs a mountain top, tree, elephant, young animal, bull, horse, or man. [In auspicious dreams one] sees a chariot and also sees the siddhamantra, obtains the perfected oblation and sees the gods, etc. [...]”

Shaivism book cover
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Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

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Yoga (school of philosophy)

[«previous next»] — Bhaskara in Yoga glossary
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

Bhāskara (भास्कर) refers to the “sun”, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] [The Yogin] will obtain liberation by cutting with the razor of the no-mind [state] the tough cord of the three Guṇas that binds the self. Just as everything disappears [from view] as the sun (bhāskara) sets, so, the whole network of [past] actions (karma) dissolves into the no-mind [state]. [...]”.

Yoga book cover
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Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

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In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: OSU Press: Cakrasamvara Samadhi

Bhāskara (भास्कर) refers to the “solar (zodiac sign)” [i.e., rāśigata-bhāskare amuka rāśigata-candramasi], according to the Guru Mandala Worship (maṇḍalārcana) ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samādhi, which refers to the primary pūjā and sādhanā practice of Newah Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna Buddhists in Nepal.

Tibetan Buddhism book cover
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Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

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India history and geography

Source: archive.org: Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptions

Bhāskara (भास्कर) is an example of a name based on the Sun mentioned in the Gupta inscriptions. The Gupta empire (r. 3rd-century CE), founded by Śrī Gupta, covered much of ancient India and embraced the Dharmic religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Derivation of personal names (e.g., Bhāskara) during the rule of the Guptas followed patterns such as tribes, places, rivers and mountains.

Source: academia.edu: The Date of Aryabhata

Bhaskara I [Saka 444] [100-20 BCE].—Since Someshvara records the date as Kali 3730 in his commentary on Aryabhatiyam, it has been wrongly assumed that Bhaskara I lived around 628-629 CE. In reality, Someshvara lived around 628-629 CE and not Bhaskara I. Therefore, we must fix the date of Bhaskara I based on the internal evidence of his available works “Mahabhaskariyam” and “Laghubhaskariyam”. It may be noted that Sankaranarayana places Bhaskara I after Varahamihira and Prithudakasvamin (Saka 786 = 203 CE) & Bhaskara II (Saka 1036-1105 = 453-522 CE) place him before Brahmagupta.

Evidently, Bhaskara I (100-20 BCE) was the first who revived the astronomy of Aryabhatiyam in the 1 st century BCE. He first wrote a commentary on Aryabhatiyam. Thereafter, he wrote Mahabhaskariyam to elaborate the siddhanta of Aryabhata. He also wrote Laghubhaskariyam which is an abridged version of Mahabhaskariyam

Source: What is India: Inscriptions of the Śilāhāras

Bhāskara (भास्कर) is the name of a member of the mahāparṣad (assembly) mentioned in the “Ciñcaṇī plate of the reign of Cittarāja”. Accordingly, “Now, while the Mahāmaṇḍaleśvara, the illustrious Cāmuṇḍarāja, who, by his religious merit, has obtained the right to the five mahāśabdas... is governing Saṃyāna, he addresses all persons, whether connected with himself or others (such as Bhāskara)...”.

This plate (mentioning Bhāskara) was found together with eight others at Chincaṇī in the Ḍahāṇu tāluka of the Ṭhāṇā District, North Koṅkaṇ, in 1955. The object of the inscription is to record the grant, by Cāmuṇḍarāja, of a ghāṇaka (oil-mill) in favour of the temple Kautuka-maṭhikā of the goddess Bhagavatī at Saṃyāna. The gift was made by pouring out water on the hand of the Svādhyāyika (scholar) Vīhaḍa, on the fifteenth tithi of the dark fortnight (i.e. amāvāsyā) of Bhādrapada in the śaka year 956.

Source: What is India: Epigraphia Indica volume XXXI (1955-56)

Bhāskara is one of the Brāhmaṇa donees mentioned in the “Asankhali plates of Narasiṃha II” (1302 A.D.). When a grant was made to a large number of Brāhmaṇas, the chief amongst the donees seems to have been called Pānīyagrāhin especially. In the present record, though all the donees (e.g., Bhāskara) are referred to as Pāṇigrāhi-mahājana, their list is headed by a Brāhmaṇa with Pāṇigrahī as his surname.

These copper plates (mentioning Bhāskara) were discovered from the house of a Santal inhabitant of Pargana Asankhali in the Mayurbhanj State (Orissa). It was made when king Vīra-Narasiṃhadeva was staying at the Bhairavapura-kaṭaka (city, camp or residence).

India history book cover
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The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

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Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

Bhaskara in India is the name of a plant defined with Calotropis gigantea in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Madorius giganteus (L.) Kuntze (among others).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon (1895)
· A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants (1837)
· Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) (2007)
· Hortus Kewensis (1811)
· Revisio Generum Plantarum (1891)
· Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2002)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Bhaskara, for example chemical composition, side effects, diet and recipes, health benefits, pregnancy safety, extract dosage, have a look at these references.

Biology book cover
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This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

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Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

bhāskara (भास्कर).—m (S Light-maker.) The sun.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

bhāskara (भास्कर).—m The sun.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Bhāskara (भास्कर).—mfn.

(-raḥ-rā-raṃ) Resplendent, shining. m.

(-raḥ) 1. The sun. 2. Fire. 3. A hero. 4. The name of a celebrated astronomer. n.

(-raṃ) Gold. E. bhā light, and kṛ to make, ac aff., and sa inserted.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Bhāskara (भास्कर).—[bhās-kara], I. adj. Resplendent. Ii. m. 1. The sun, [Pañcatantra] 190, 4. 2. Fire. 3. A hero. Iii. n. Gold.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Bhāskara (भास्कर).—[adjective] the same; [masculine] the sun, a man’s name, [neuter] a kind of breach (made by a thief).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

1) Bhāskara (भास्कर) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—See Irugapa.

Bhāskara has the following synonyms: Daṇḍādhinātha, Daṇḍinātha, Daṇḍeśa.

2) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—See Lokabhāskara, Śrautabhāskara, Haribhāskara.

3) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—[dharma] See Bhagavantabhāskara. Oxf. 38^b. 281^a.

4) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—guru of Nāgārjuna. Oxf. 322^a.

5) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—and jyautiṣika bhaṭṭa bhāskara and bhadanta bhāskara poets. [Subhāshitāvali by Vallabhadeva]

6) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—father of Soṭhala, grandfather of Śārṅgadeva (Saṃgītaratnākara). Oxf. 199^b.

7) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—father of Harihara (Antyeṣṭipaddhati). Io. 1674.

8) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—from Prabhāsatīrtha. Mentioned in Bhojaprabandha Oxf. 150^b.

9) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—Quoted by Hemacandra Oxf. 185^b.

10) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—Unmattarāghava nāṭaka.

11) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—Kāvyaprakāśaṭīkā Sāhityadīpikā. Quoted by Govinda in Kāvyapradīpa, by Ratnakaṇṭha Peters. 2, 17.

12) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—Gāyatrīprakaraṇa.

13) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—Nānārtharatnamālā q. v.

14) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—Prāyaścittadīpikā or Prāyaścittapradīpikā. Prāyaścittavidhi. Prāyaścittaśatadvayī. Prāyaścittasamuccaya.

15) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—Madhurāmlakāvya.

16) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—son of Āyāji Bhaṭṭa: Śuddhiprakāśa.

17) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—son of Divākara, pupil of Rāmakaṇṭha Bhaṭṭa: Spandasūtravārttika.

18) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—On Udayana's remark (in the Nyāyakusumāñjali 2) sargo brahmapariṇater iti Bhāskaragotre yujyate' Govardhana explains: Bhāskaras Tridaṇḍimatabhāṣyakāraḥ.

19) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—son of Velāditya, father of Sulhaṇa (Vṛttaratnākaraṭīkā). Peters. Extr. 43.

20) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—and Bhāskarasmṛti. Quoted by Aparārka 1, 252, and by Devaṇṇa. See Smṛtibhāskara.

21) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—Tridaṇḍimatabhāṣya.

22) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—Praśasti, a guide to letter-writing.

23) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—Muhūrtamuktāvalī.

24) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—son of Āyāji Bhaṭṭa, son of Haribhaṭṭa, son of Puruṣottama Bhaṭṭa: Muktikṣetraprakāśa. Śuddhiprakāśa, composed in 1695.

25) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—Āryabhaṭasiddhāntaṭīkā.

26) Bhāskara (भास्कर):—son of Āyājibhaṭṭa: Pattrapraśasti. Ak 521.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Bhāskara (भास्कर):—[bhāska+ra] (raḥ-rā-raṃ) a. Shining, bright. m. The sun; fire; a hero; name of an astronomer. n. Gold.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Bhāskara (भास्कर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Bhakkhara.

[Sanskrit to German]

Bhaskara in German

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Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

[«previous next»] — Bhaskara in Hindi glossary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Bhāskara (भास्कर) [Also spelled bhaskar]:—(nm) the sun.

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Bhāskara (ಭಾಸ್ಕರ):—

1) [adjective] radiant; effulgent; brilliant.

2) [adjective] attractive; charming; beautiful.

--- OR ---

Bhāskara (ಭಾಸ್ಕರ):—

1) [noun] the sun.

2) [noun] (pros.) a group consisting of one short syllablic instant followed by one long and another short one; amphibrachys.

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Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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