Na, aka: Ṅa, Ña; 8 Definition(s)

Introduction

Na means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Hinduism

Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

1) Ṅa (ङ).—Fifth consonant of the guttural class of consonants which is a nasal (अनुनासिक (anunāsika)) consonant; the vowel अ (a) being added at the end for facility of pronunciation; cf. T. Pr. I.21;

2) Ṅa.—A conventional term used for all the nasal consonants in the Jainendra Vyakarana.

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Ña (ञ).—tad. affix अ; cf. P. IV. 2. 58, 106, 107 and IV.4.129.

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1) Ṇa (ण).—Krt affix अ (a), added optionally to the roots headed by ज्वल् (jval) and ending with कस् (kas) in the first conjugation (see ज्वलिति (jvaliti) above) in the sense of agent, and necessarily to the root श्यै (śyai), roots ending with आ (ā) and the roots व्यध्, आस्रु, संस्रु, इ (vyadh, āsru, saṃsru, i) with अति, सो (ati, so) with अव, हृ (ava, hṛ) with अव, लिह्, श्लिष् (ava, lih, śliṣ) and श्वस् (śvas), to the roots दु (du) and नी (nī) without any prefix and optionally to ग्रह्ः (grahḥ) e. g. ज्वालः (jvālaḥ) or ज्वलः, अवश्यायः, दायः, धायः, व्याधः, आस्त्रावः, संस्त्रवः, अत्यायः, अवसायः, अवहारः, लेहः, श्लेषः, श्वासः, दावः, नायः, ग्रहः (jvalaḥ, avaśyāyaḥ, dāyaḥ, dhāyaḥ, vyādhaḥ, āstrāvaḥ, saṃstravaḥ, atyāyaḥ, avasāyaḥ, avahāraḥ, lehaḥ, śleṣaḥ, śvāsaḥ, dāvaḥ, nāyaḥ, grahaḥ) or ग्राहःः (grāhaḥḥ) ; in the case of the root ग्रह् (grah) the affix ण (ṇa) is applied by ब्यवस्थितविभाषा (byavasthitavibhāṣā), the word ग्रहः (grahaḥ) meaning a planet and the word ग्राहः (grāhaḥ) meaning a crocodile; cf Kas. on P. III. 1.140-143;

2) Ṇa.—Krt affix अ (a) in the sense of verbal activity (भाव (bhāva)) applied along with the affix अप् (ap) to the root अद् (ad) with नि (ni); e.g.न्यादः निघसः (nyādaḥ nighasaḥ); cf. P. III.3.60;

3) Ṇa.—Krt affix ण (ṇa) prescribed by the Varttikakara after the roots तन्, शील् (tan, śīl). काम, भक्ष् (kāma, bhakṣ) and चर् (car) with आ; cf. P.III.1.140 Vart 1, and III. 2.l Vart. 7;

4) Ṇa.—tad. affix अ (a) in the sense of अपत्य (apatya) added along with टक् (ṭak) also, to a word referring to a female descendant (गेीत्रस्त्री (geीtrastrī)) if the resultant word indicates censure ; e. g. गार्भ्यः गार्गिकः (gārbhyaḥ gārgikaḥ) cf. P. IV.1.147, 150;

5) Ṇa.—tad. affix अ (a) in the sense of अपत्य (apatya) added also with the affix फिञ् (phiñ), to the word फाण्टाहृतिः (phāṇṭāhṛtiḥ)

6) Ṇa.—tad. affix अ (a) in the sense of 'a game' added to a word meaning 'an instrument in the game'; e.g. दाण्डा, मौष्टाः (dāṇḍā, mauṣṭāḥ) cf. P. IV.2.57: {7) tad. affix अ (a) added to the word छत्त्र (chattra) and others in the sense of 'habituated to' e.g. छात्रः, शैक्षः, पौरोहः चौरः (chātraḥ, śaikṣaḥ, paurohaḥ cauraḥ): cf. P.IV. 4.62:

8) Ṇa.—tad. affix अ (a) added to the words अन्न, भक्त, सर्व, पथिन्, यथाकथाच, प्रज्ञा, श्रद्धा, अर्चा, वृत्तिं (anna, bhakta, sarva, pathin, yathākathāca, prajñā, śraddhā, arcā, vṛttiṃ) and अरण्य (araṇya) in the senses specified with respect to each ; e.g. आन्नः (ānnaḥ) (मनुष्यः (manuṣyaḥ)) भाक्तः (bhāktaḥ) (शालिः (śāliḥ)), सार्वे (sārve) (सर्वस्मै हितम् (sarvasmai hitam)), पान्थः, याथाकथाचं (pānthaḥ, yāthākathācaṃ) (कार्यम् (kāryam)), प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) or प्रज्ञावान्, श्राद्धः (prajñāvān, śrāddhaḥ) or श्रद्धावान्, आर्चः (śraddhāvān, ārcaḥ) or अर्चावान्, घार्त्तः (arcāvān, ghārttaḥ) or वृत्तिमान् (vṛttimān) and आरण्याः (āraṇyāḥ) (सुमनसः (sumanasaḥ)); cf. Kas. on P.IV. 4.85, 100, V.1.10, 76, 98, V.2.101 and IV.2.104 Varttika.

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Na (न).—(l) the consonant न् (n) (see न् (n) above) with the vowel added to it for facility of utterance, cf. T. Pr. I. 21 ; (2) tad. affix न (na) added to words headed by पामन् (pāman) in the sense of possession; e.g. पामनः, हेमनः (pāmanaḥ, hemanaḥ) etc., cf P. V. 2.100; (3) tad. affix न (na) as found in the word ज्योत्स्ना (jyotsnā) derived from ज्योतिष् (jyotiṣ), cf P. V. 2.114; (4) unadi affix न (na) as found in the word स्योनः (syonaḥ); cf Kas. on P. VI.4.19; (5) the krt affix नङ् (naṅ) as also नन् (nan) prescribed after the roots यज्, याच्, यत्, विच्छ्, प्रच्छ्, रक्ष् (yaj, yāc, yat, vicch, pracch, rakṣ) and स्वप् (svap), e g. यज्ञः, याञ्चा, प्रश्नः (yajñaḥ, yāñcā, praśnaḥ) etc., cf P. III. 3.90, 91; (6) the negative particle न (na) given by Panini as नञ् (nañ) and referred to in the same way, which (i.e. न.) when compounded with a following word is changed into अ (a) or अन् (an) or retained in rare cases as for instance in नभ्राट्, नासत्यौ, नक्षत्रम् (nabhrāṭ, nāsatyau, nakṣatram) etc. cf P. VI.3.73-75;(7) tad.affix न (na) (नञ् (nañ)) applied to the words स्त्री (strī) and पुंस् (puṃs) in senses given from P. IV. 1.92 to V. 2.1 e. g. स्त्रैणं, पौंस्नम् (straiṇaṃ, pauṃsnam) cf. IV. 1.87.

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1) Nā (ना).—tad. affix ना (nā) as also नाञ् (nāñ) prescribed respectively after वि (vi) and नञ् (nañ) (negative particle न) in the sense of separation; e. g. विना, नाना (vinā, nānā) ;

2) Nā.—Case ending ना (nā) substituted for the ins. sing. affix टा (ṭā) (called also आङ् (āṅ) in ancient grammars) in the masculine gender after words called घि (ghi) i. e. words ending in इ (i) or उ (u) excepting such as are called नदी (nadī).

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Na (न).—In Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 348, the meaning of this syllable is given as 'vṛnda' (collection) and 'Buddha'

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

In Buddhism

Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)

Na means no, none, nothing.

India history and geogprahy

Nā.—cf. nā-bhū. Note: nā is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

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Nā.—ḻi (EI 9, 28), a grain measure; same as nālikā. Note: nā is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

See also (synonyms): Nāḻi.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

ṇa (ण).—The fifteenth consonant. It is sounded more nasally than the English N. It is represented here, when the Roman character is used, by n̤. Except as in the particle ṇēṃ & pl ṇīṃ, for which see the preferable form nēṃ & nīṃ, it never occurs initially.

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na (न).—n The twentieth consonant. It corresponds with N.

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na (न).—n ad No, not, nor. 2 conj It often appears betwixt the two members of a reduplication, coupling them, and answering to By, with, after. Ex. paiśānapaisā-rupayānarupayā-damaḍīnadamaḍī (jathatō- miḷavitō-kharacatō) He gathers, spends &c. money, penny by penny, rupee by rupee. jhāḍānajhāḍa- gharānaghara (ṭipata jā); pāyarīnapāyarī; (caḍhata jā);pāva- lānapāūla (sarakata gēlā); māgānamāga (cōrācā śōdha lāvalā); divasānadivasa-varṣānavarṣa &c. 3 conj (Con- tracted from āṇi through nī) And. Ex. ghāḍāna baila, ḍhālana taravāra, tōna mī. Note. In pronunciation the na is considered, not as separate, but as attached to the word occurring first. Ex. Ghoṛan byl, dhalan tarwar, ton mi. 4 na often has the sense of nakō dont; as na yāla tara na yā, na dyāla tara na dyā If you wont come, dont come &c. nacā pāḍā or phāḍā The chapter of na or No. Ex. nacā phāḍā vācaṇēṃ-sāṅgaṇēṃ-ghaṭa karaṇēṃ-ghōkaṇēṃ To refuse or deny everything; to be ever no-no-ing. hyālā nacā phāḍā pāṭha āhē He says No to everything.

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nā (ना).—ind A disjunctive particle, Nor; bearing a privative power upon both members disjoined. Ex. gāṃvānta ghara nā rānānta śēta, bāpa nā māya, divasa nā rātra, barā nā vāīṭa. 2 It occurs significantly as a disjunctive between numerous adverbs and pronouns reduplicated, Not, i. e. if not (that) then (this). Ex. kāṃhīṃ nā kāṃhīṃ Something or other, or some; some quantity more or less, great or little: kōṇhī nā kōṇhī Some one; some person or other: kadhīṃ nā kadhīṃ Sometimes, or sometime; at some time or other: kasā nā kasā, kēvhāṃ nā kēvhāṃ, kōṭhūna nā kōṭhūna, ēka nā ēka &c. 3 An adverb of negation, Not. Ex. tō dēīnā, yēīnā, ghēīnā. 4 A particle emphatically concluding an interrogation, or an affirmation of the interrogative form; implying surprise at some supposition which has called it forth. Ex. tū yētōsanā, dētōsanā? You are coming an't you? you mean to give, don't you? mī jātōnnā, vācatōṃ- nā I am going, reading &c., am I not? 5 A redundant particle occurring after the present participle. Ex. asatānā, khātānā, basatānā, uṭhatānā. Note. In rājāpūraprānta nā in this construction is negative: khātānā, basatānā, uṭhatānā therefore signify Without eating, sitting, rising. As redundant, or rather as emphatic, nā occurs also after the adverb of time; as ēvhānā, tēvhānā, kēvhānā Just at this moment, just then &c. 6 (Formed orally from the resemblance of sound in āṃlā or yāṃlā & ānā or yānā; but now used also in writing.) An affix to nouns and pronouns in the acc. and dat. cases plural. Ex. jhāḍānā, tyānā, for jhāḍāṃlā, tyāṃlā. 7 (From the Persian ) A particle of negation prefixed not only to words from the Persian, but generally. Ex. nākhūśa, nāpasanta, nāpikalēṃ, nāpīka, nāpērā. 8 Used as s f Negativing or no-ing. v kara, mhaṇa, bōla; and nā nā-karaṇēṃ-mhaṇaṇēṃ &c. To deny or refuse often or much.

ṇa (ण).—m (-ण f) A man, lad, fellow. An associate, a companion. A workman, labourer, servant, a job-boy. (With a word prefixed nothing the designation &c.) A person, an individual, as brāmhaṇa- gaḍī, śipāīgaḍī. (At sōṅgaṭyā &c.) A part- ner. (Among children.) Friendship or association. v ghara and miṭa or tōḍa or phuṅka.

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ṇā (णा).—n -ṇā, gharaṭā m House-site, esp. the site of a destroyed house.

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ṇā (णा).—n -ṇā m Goodness.

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nā (ना).—or -nā m A noisy streaming forth or along of water or other liquor. v lāva, lāga.

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na (न).—The twentieth consonant.

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na (न).—ad No, not, nor. conj By, with, after. Ex. paisānapaisā, jhāḍanajhāṅa. nacā pāḍā or phāḍā The chapter of na or No. nacāphāḍā vācaṇēṃ sāṅgaṇēṃ-ghaṭa karaṇēṃ-ghōkaṇēṃ To refuse or deny everything. hālā nacā phāḍā pāṭha āhē. He says No to everything.

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nā (ना).—ind A disjunctive particle, Nor. It occurs significantly as a disjunctive between numerous adverbs and pro- nouns reduplicated. Not, i. e. if not (that) then (this) Ex. kāṃhīṃ nā kāṃhīṃ Something or other, or some; some quantity more or less, great or little; kōṇhī nā kōṇhī Some one; some person or other; kadhīṃ nā kadhīṃ Sometimes, at some time or other; kasā nā kasā, kēvhāṃ nā kēvhāṃ, kōṭhūna nā kōṭhūna, ēka nā ēka &c. An adverb of negation, Not Ex. tō dēīnā, yēīnā, ghēīnā. A particle emphatically con- cluding an interrogation, or an affirmation of the interrogative form.

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na (न).—or-न ad Positively, explicitly.

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na (न).—or-न n f A battalion.

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nā (ना).—or-nā m A royal mandate, order.

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ṇā (णा).—or-ṇā m A huge gobbet or mouth- ful (of parched grain, flour &c.).

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nā (ना).—or-nā or-ḍā m A kind of inner turban. See under baccā.

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nā (ना).—or-nā m Earnest money. A rela- tion or an account; a recital of facts A tiresome story.

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na (न).—or-न n A stopper. Fig. A curb.

Sanskrit-English dictionary

Ṅa (ङ).—No word in general use begin with this letter.

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Ṅa (ङ).—

1) An object of sense.

2) Desire, wish.

3) An epithet of Śiva; ङः प्राणस्तुरगो ङा धरा रमा (ṅaḥ prāṇasturago ṅā dharā ramā) and ङं वितानं (ṅaṃ vitānaṃ)

Derivable forms: ṅaḥ (ङः).

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Ña (ञ).—

1) Singer.

2) Gurgling sound.

3) Bull.

4) Name of Śukra.

5) Perversity.

6) Number

Derivable forms: ñaḥ (ञः).

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Ṇa (ण).—[There are hardly any words in real use in Sanskrit beginning with ṇa. Many roots which, in the Dhātupāṭha, are written with an initial ṇa really begin with na. They are so written to show that the na is liable to be changed to ṇa when preceded by prepositions, like pra, pari, antar &c.]

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Ṇa (ण).—

1) Knowledge.

2) Certainty, ascertainment.

3) An ornament.

4) A water or summer-house.

5) A bad man.

6) Śiva.

7) The sound of negation.

8) Gift, giving.

Derivable forms: ṇaḥ (णः).

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Na (न).—a. Thin, spare.

2) Vacant, empty.

3) Same, identical.

4) Unwearied.

5) Praised.

6) Undivided.

-naḥ 1 A pearl.

2) Name of Gaṇeśa.

3) Wealth, prosperity.

4) A band, tie.

5) War.

6) Name of Buddha.

7) A gift. -ind. (a) A particle of negation equivalent to 'not', 'no', 'nor', 'neither', and used in wishing, requesting, or commanding, but not in prohibition before the imperative mood. (b) Used with the potential mood न (na) may sometimes have the force of 'lest', 'for fear lest', 'that not'; क्षत्रियैर्धार्यते शस्त्रं नार्तशब्दो भवेदिति (kṣatriyairdhāryate śastraṃ nārtaśabdo bhavediti) Rām. (c) In agrumentative writings न (na) often comes after इति चेत् (iti cet) and means 'not so.' (d) When a negative has to be repeated in successive clauses of the same sentence or in different sentences, न (na) may be simply repeated or may be used with particles like उत, च, अपि, चापि, वा (uta, ca, api, cāpi, vā) &c.; नाधीयीताश्वमारूढो न वृक्षं न च हस्तिनम् । न नावं न खरं नोष्ट्रं नेरिणत्थो न यानगः (nādhīyītāśvamārūḍho na vṛkṣaṃ na ca hastinam | na nāvaṃ na kharaṃ noṣṭraṃ neriṇattho na yānagaḥ) || Ms.4.12; प्रविशन्तं न मां कश्चिदपश्यन्नाप्यवारयत् (praviśantaṃ na māṃ kaścidapaśyannāpyavārayat) Mb.; Ms.2.195; 3.8,9;4.15; न वा शरच्चन्द्रमरीचिकोमलं मृणालसूत्रं रचितं स्तनान्तरे (na vā śaraccandramarīcikomalaṃ mṛṇālasūtraṃ racitaṃ stanāntare) Ś.16.17. Sometimes न (na) may not be expressed in the second and other clauses, but represented only by च, वा, अपि वा (ca, vā, api vā); संपदि यस्य न हर्षो विपदि विषादो रणे च धीरत्वम् (saṃpadi yasya na harṣo vipadi viṣādo raṇe ca dhīratvam) Pt.2.175. (c) न (na) is frequently joined with a second न (na) or any other negative particle to intensify or emphasize an assertion; प्रत्युवाच तमृषिर्न तत्त्वतस्त्वां न वेद्मि पुरुषं पुरातनम् (pratyuvāca tamṛṣirna tattvatastvāṃ na vedmi puruṣaṃ purātanam) R. 11.85; न च न परिचितो न चाप्यगम्यः (na ca na paricito na cāpyagamyaḥ) M.1.11; न पुनरलंकार- श्रियं न पुष्यति (na punaralaṃkāra- śriyaṃ na puṣyati) Ś1.19/2; नादण्ड्यो नाम राज्ञोऽस्ति (nādaṇḍyo nāma rājño'sti) Ms.8.335; Me.65,18; नासो न काम्यो न च वेद सम्यग् द्रष्टुं न सा (nāso na kāmyo na ca veda samyag draṣṭuṃ na sā) R. 6.3; Śi.1.55; Ve.2.1. (f) In a few cases न (na) is retained at the beginning of a negative Tatpuruṣa compound; as नाक, नासत्य, नकुल (nāka, nāsatya, nakula); see P.VI.3.75. (g) न (na) is often joined with other particles; नच, नवा, नैव, नतु, न चेद्, न खलु (naca, navā, naiva, natu, na ced, na khalu) &c. (h) It is also used, especially in early Vedic literature, in the sense of 'like', 'as', 'as it were'; यद्वां नरा सनये दंस उग्रमाविष्कृणोमि तन्यतुर्न वृष्टिम् (yadvāṃ narā sanaye daṃsa ugramāviṣkṛṇomi tanyaturna vṛṣṭim) Bṛ. Up.2.5.16; गावो न गव्यूतीरनु (gāvo na gavyūtīranu); Śi.2.4. (v. l.)

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Na (न).—1 P., sometimes Ā. (namati-te, nanāma, anaṃsīt, naṃsyati, nata, caus. namayati-te or nāmayati-te, but with a preposition namayati only; desid. ninaṃsati) also 9 P. (namnāti), 4. P. (namyati)

1) To bow to, make obeisance to, salute (as a mark of respect) (with acc. or dat.); इयं नमति वः सर्वान् त्रिलोचनवधूरिति (iyaṃ namati vaḥ sarvān trilocanavadhūriti) Ku.6.89; Bg.11.37; Bk.9.51;1.31; 12.99; Si.4.57.

2) To submit or subject oneself, bow down; अशक्तः सन्धिमान् नमेत् (aśaktaḥ sandhimān namet) Kām.8.55.

3) To bend, sink; go down; अनंसीद्भूर्भरेणास्य (anaṃsīdbhūrbhareṇāsya) Bk.15.25; नेमुः सर्वदिशः (nemuḥ sarvadiśaḥ) K.55; उन्नमति नमति वर्षति (unnamati namati varṣati)......मेघः (meghaḥ) Mk.5.26.

4) To stoop, be inclined.

5) To be bent or curved.

6) To sound.

7) To change a dental to a lingual letter. -Caus.

1) To bend, make curved.

2) To bend (as a bow); न नमयितुमधिज्यमस्मि शक्तः (na namayitumadhijyamasmi śaktaḥ) Ś.2.3.

3) To cause to sink.

4) To prevent, ward off.

5) To subdue, make subordinate; स पुरस्कृतमध्यमक्रमो नमयामास नृपाननुद्धरन् (sa puraskṛtamadhyamakramo namayāmāsa nṛpānanuddharan) R.8.9.

Derivable forms: nam (नम्).

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Nā (ना).—No, not. (= na q. v.).

Ṅa (ङ).—The fifth consonant of the Sanskrit alphabet, and the nasal of the first class; the sound of this letter corresponds with that of the nasal N in Song, &c. or in the French word bon.

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Ṅa (ङ).—m.

(-ṅaḥ) 1. An object of sense. 2. Desire, wish for any sensual object. E. ṅu to sound, affix. ḍa . viṣaye viṣayaspṛ hāyāṃ bhairave ca .

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Ña (ञ).—The nasal attached to the class of palatal letters, having something like the sound of N in the French word Singe, and expressed by the letter accented N.

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Ña (ञ).—m.

(-ñaḥ) 1. A name of Sukra, regent of Venus. 2. An ox. 3. A heretic, an apostate. 4. Singing. 5. Jingling or inarticulate sound. ṭa

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Ṇa (ण).—The nasal N belonging to the third or cerebral class of consonants; in derivation and inflection this is usually changed to na or to dental N, and hence the derivatives from the following redicals occur under that letter.

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Ṇa (ण).—m.

(-ṇaḥ) 1. Knowledge. 2. Certainty, ascertainment. 3. A name of Siva. 4. Vindudeva, said to be a A Jaina deity. 5. An ornament. 6. A water or summer house. 7. One without good qualities. 8. A kind of sound, the sound of nagation. 9. Gift, giving. E. ṇī to guide, &c. affix ḍa.

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Na (न).—The twentieth consonant of the Deva Nagri Alphabet, corresponding with the letter N.

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Na (न).—mfn.

(-naḥ-nā-naṃ) 1. Thin, spare. 2. Vacant, empty. 3. Identical, same, like. 4. Unvexed, unwearied 5. Undivided, unbroken. m. (naḥ) 1. A Baudd'ha, a follower of Budd'ha. 2. Binding, tying. 3. One who is praised. 4. A name of Ganesa. 5. War. 6. Giving, a gift. 7. Good, welfare, prosperity. 8. A jewel. f. (nā) 1. The navel. 2. A musical instrument. 3. Knowledge. ind. 1. No, not, a particle of prohibition. 2. A particle of comparison. 3. A particle of negation, annihilation, &c. E. nī to obtain, or nah to bind, &c. ḍa aff.

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Nā (ना).—ind. No, not (another form of na .)

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