Vikriti, aka: Vikṛti; 13 Definition(s)

Introduction

Vikriti means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit term Vikṛti can be transliterated into English as Vikrti or Vikriti, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

In Hinduism

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Vikriti (विक्रिति):—One of the persons joining Śiva during the preparations of the war between Śankhacūḍa and the Devas, according to the Devī-bhāgavata-purāṇa (9.20.22-53). All persons attending were remained seated on beautiful aerial cars, built of jewels and gems. The war was initiated by Puṣpadanta (messenger of Śiva) who was ordered to restore the rights of the Devas. .

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Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Rasashastra (chemistry and alchemy)

Vikṛti (विकृति) refers to the “change in shape and form” when heating minerals. It is used throughout Rasaśāstra literature, such as the Rasaprakāśasudhākara.

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Rasashastra (रसशास्त्र, rasaśāstra) is an important branch of Ayurveda, specialising in chemical interactions with herbs, metals and minerals. Some texts combine yogic and tantric practices with various alchemical operations. The ultimate goal of Rasashastra is not only to preserve and prolong life, but also to bestow wealth upon humankind.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Vikṛti (विकृति).—A King of the family of Yayāti. This King’s father was Jīmūta, and his son was Bhīmaratha. (Bhāgavata, Skandha 9).

Vikṛti (विकृति).—A son of Jīmūta, and father of Bhīmaratha.^*

• * Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 24. 4; Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 70. 42; Vāyu-purāṇa 95. 41. Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 12. 41.

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The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Vikṛti (विकृति) refers to a class of rhythm-type (chandas) containing twenty-three syllables in a pāda (‘foot’ or ‘quarter-verse’), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 15. There are twenty-six classes of chandas and out of them arise the various syllabic meters (vṛtta), composed of four pādas, defining the pattern of alternating light and heavy syllables.

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Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (śāstra) of performing arts, (nāṭya, e.g., theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing dramatic plays (nataka) and poetic works (kavya).

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Vikṛti (विकृति) refers to the twenty-fourth saṃvatsara (“jovian year)” in Vedic astrology.—The native whose birth occurs in the ‘samvatsara’ of ‘vikriti’ is subjected to poverty, is certainly horrible looking, has a tall body, is given to pride and is lacking in wisdom and intelligence and does not establish friendship with anyone.

According with Jataka Parijata, the person born in the year vikriti (2010-2011 AD) will be full of guile, love-sick, and devoting his mind to magic formularies and their practical application in ceremonies.

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Jyotiṣa (ज्योतिष, jyotisha or jyotish) basically refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents one of the six additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas. Jyotiṣa concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

Vikṛti (विकृति).—Change, modification as different from the original which is called प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) cf. प्रकृतिरुपादानकारणं तस्यैव उत्तरमवस्थान्तरं विकृतिः (prakṛtirupādānakāraṇaṃ tasyaiva uttaramavasthāntaraṃ vikṛtiḥ) Kas. on P.V.I.12.

Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)

Vikṛti (विकृति) is one of the twenty-six varieties of Sanskrit metres (chandas) mentioned in the Chandaśśāstra 1.15-19. There are 26 Vedic metres starting with 1 to 26 letters in each pāda. It is a common belief that the classical metres are developed from these 26 metres. Generally a metre has a specific name according to it’s number of syllables (akṣara). But sometimes the same stanza is called by the name of another metre from the point of view of the pādas.

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Chandas (छन्दस्) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Vikṛti (विकृति).—According to the 12th century Yogaśāstra (verse 3.130) by Hemacandra, the articles of food (āhāra) are classified into ten vikṛtis:

1. kṣīra (milk),
2. dadhi (curds),
3. navanīta (butter),
4. ghṛta (ghee),
5. taila (oil),
6. guḍa (molasses),
7. madya (alcohol),
8. madhu (honey),
9. māṃsa (meat),
10. avagāhima.

The essential idea of a vikṛti seems to be that of a foodstuff that has changed its nature owing to a process of cooking or to bacteriological action. In the conventional interpretation of the commentators it is “that by which tongue and mind are perverted” (Sāgāra-dharmāmṛta verse 35).

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Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

vikṛti (विकृति).—f (S) pop. vikṛta f Change from the healthy or the natural state or form; viz. any sickness or disorder; any passion or feeling; any emotion or excited affection interruptive of mental quiescence; a modification of matter, a chemical transformation, any altered mode or form of being.

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vikṛtī (विकृती).—f (vikṛta S) Disgust, nausea, aversion.

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vikṛtī (विकृती).—a (Corr. from vikrīta S) Bought, got by purchase: opp. to made or bred at home. 2 That is for sale.

vikṛtī (विकृती).—f Disgust, nausea.

Sanskrit-English dictionary

Vikṛti (विकृति).—f.

1) Change (as of purpose, mind, form &c.); चित्तविकृतिः (cittavikṛtiḥ); अङ्गुलीयकं सुवर्णस्य विकृतिः (aṅgulīyakaṃ suvarṇasya vikṛtiḥ) &c.; प्रकृतिविकृति- भिरनुसवनम् (prakṛtivikṛti- bhiranusavanam) Bhāg.5.7.5.

2) An unnatural or accidental circumstance, an accident; मरणं प्रकृतिः शरीरिणां विकृति- र्जीवितमुच्यते बुधैः (maraṇaṃ prakṛtiḥ śarīriṇāṃ vikṛti- rjīvitamucyate budhaiḥ) R.8.87.

3) Sickness.

4) Excitement, perturbation, anger, rage; सावलेपमुपलिप्सिते परैरभ्युपैति विकृतिं रजस्यपि रजस्यपि (sāvalepamupalipsite parairabhyupaiti vikṛtiṃ rajasyapi rajasyapi) Ki.13.56; U.5.29; Śi.15.11,4.

5) Emotion; सत्त्वानामपि लक्ष्यते विकृतिमच्चित्तं भयक्रोधयोः (sattvānāmapi lakṣyate vikṛtimaccittaṃ bhayakrodhayoḥ) Ś.2.5.

6) A sudden seizure or affection.

7) Fermented liquor; see विकार (vikāra) amd विक्रिया (vikriyā) also.

8) Hostility.

9) A phantom, spectre.

1) Abortion.

11) (In gram.) A derivative.

Derivable forms: vikṛtiḥ (विकृतिः).

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