Viloma: 19 definitions
Introduction:
Viloma means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Vilom.
In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammarViloma (विलोम).—Reverse, in the opposite way; the same as प्रतिलोम (pratiloma) which see above.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wikibooks (hi): Sanskrit Technical TermsViloma (विलोम).—Retrograde. Note: Viloma is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian sciences such as Astronomy, Mathematics and Geometry.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaViloma (विलोम).—(VILOMĀ). A King. In Bhāgavata, King Viloma is stated as the son of King Vahni (Fire) and in Viṣṇu Purāṇa, as the son of Kapotaromā.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric TraditionsViloma (विलोम) refers to “opposite”, according to the Jayadrathayāmala, Ṣaṭka 1 verse 13.3–18::—Accordingly, “[...] [And], O Goddess, [the Śivadharmadīkṣā] has two forms: in Śaiva scriptures the division of initiation is called that without the seed and that with the seed. [...] The sabījā is the opposite (viloma) to this and is performed, O beautiful one, for those who are learned, endure extremes and are able bodied. By those the rituals towards the Guru, the God and the fire have to be performed with extreme devotion, since the desired fruit will not come about for them who don’t do [these rites]. [...]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramViloma (विलोम) refers to “(being) contrary” (to enjoyment), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “Kaula, whose sphere is the unmanifest, is in the triple abode of the energy of Kula. That which is within Kula (Śiva / Śakti) and Kaula (the Absolute) is said to be (the supreme) plane (of existence). All that is contrary (viloma) to enjoyment and Yoga is devoid of Kaula”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
Source: archive.org: Hindu MathematicsViloma (विलोम) or Vilomagati refers to “working backwards” (i.e., the “method of inversion”), according to the principles of pāṭīgaṇita (“science of calculation which requires the use of writing material—the board”), according to Pṛthudakasvāmī’s commentary on the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta by Brahmagupta, a Sanskrit treatise on ancient Indian mathematics (gaṇita-śāstra) and astronomy from the 7th century.—The method of inversion called viloma-gati (“working backwards”) is found to have been commonly used in India from very early times.
Ganitashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, gaṇitaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: MDPI Books: The Ocean of HeroesViloma (विलोम) refers to an “anticlockwise” (direction), according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly, [while explaining the fire-circle (agnicakra)]: “[...] [Every Yoginī on this circle is of] the Far-Reaching Level, lives in the sixth continent, is said [to dwell in] the melāpaka (“meeting”) [holy site], and has the nature of the wisdom and means. She indeed always [constitutes] a power circle and is to be understood as a beautiful woman [matching her consort hero resembling] her in appearance. All [deities on the circles] such as the Adamantine Circle are [placed] clockwise and anticlockwise (viloma) [anulomavilomataḥ]. [...]”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryviloma : (adj.) opposing; disagreeing.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryViloma, (adj.) (vi+loma) against the grain (lit. against the hair), discrepant, reversed, wrong, unnatural Vin. II, 115 (of cīvara: unsightly); J. III, 113; Dpvs VII. 55; DhA. I, 379; PvA. 87. (Page 636)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryvilōma (विलोम).—a (S vi Against, lōma Hair.) Reverse, opposite, contrary, backward, against the hair (grain). 2 That is produced or born in the reverse order. Applied esp. to the mixed tribes--to the offspring of a Kshatriya-man with a Brahmanwoman, of a Vaishya-man with a Kshatriyawoman, and thus downwards, the female parent being of higher caste than the male.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishvilōma (विलोम).—a Reverse, contrary, against the hair (grain).
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryViloma (विलोम).—a. (-mī f.)
1) Inverted, inverse, contrary, opposite.
2) Produced in the reverse order.
3) Backward.
4) Hairless.
5) Refractory.
-maḥ 1 Reverse order, inversion.
2) A dog.
3) A snake.
4) Name of Varuṇa.
-mam A waterwheel, machine for raising water from a well.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryViloma (विलोम).—mfn.
(-maḥ-mī-maṃ) Reverse, opposite, contrary, backward, against the hair. m.
(-maḥ) 1. Reverse, opposite course or order, &c. 2. A snake. 3. Varuna, regent of the waters. 4. A dog. n.
(-maṃ) A water-wheel, or machine for raising water. f. (-mī) Emblic myrobalan. E. vi implying difference, &c., and loma the hair of the body; also with kan added vilomaka .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryViloma (विलोम).—[adjective] against the hair or grain, contrary, refractory.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Viloma (विलोम):—[=vi-loma] [from vi] a See sub voce
2) [=vi-loma] b mf(ā)n. ([from] 3. vi + loman) against the hair or grain, turned the wrong way, inverted, contrary to the usual or proper course, opposed (pavana-vil, ‘turned against the wind’; am ind., ‘backwards’), [Gopatha-brāhmaṇa; Varāha-mihira; Rājataraṅgiṇī]
3) [v.s. ...] produced in reverse order, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
4) [v.s. ...] refractory, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
5) [v.s. ...] hairless (See tā below)
6) [v.s. ...] m. reverse order, opposite course, reverse, [Horace H. Wilson]
7) [v.s. ...] a snake, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) [v.s. ...] a dog, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) [v.s. ...] Name of Varuṇa, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) [=vi-loma] n. a water-wheel or machine for raising water from a well, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryViloma (विलोम):—[vi-loma] (maḥ-mī-maṃ) a. Against the hair or grain; reverse, contrary. m. Reverse course; a snake; Varuna; a dog. f. Emblic myrobalan. n. Water wheel.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryViloma (विलोम) [Also spelled vilom]:—(a and nm) reverse; converse; contrary; antonym; —[kriyā] inverse operation; ~[jāta] born in the reverse order (i.e. born feetlong); ~[ta]: conversely; ~[tā] reversion; contrariety; converseness; antonymousness; —[śabda] an antonym; a word having opposite meaning; [vilomita] reversed; conversed.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusVilōma (ವಿಲೋಮ):—
1) [adjective] turned the wrong way; inverted; contrary to the usual or proper course.
2) [adjective] unfavourable; harmful; adverse.
3) [adjective] having no hair; bald.
--- OR ---
Vilōma (ವಿಲೋಮ):—
1) [noun] the quality or condition of being inverted or contrary to the usual, proper course.
2) [noun] a dog.
3) [noun] a snake.
4) [noun] a device operated manually or drawn by a pair of oxen, for drawing water from a well.
5) [noun] a slower tempo, which takes the two times the normal tempo (musical time-unit) for singing the same lyrical portion.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+3): Vilomaceshta, Vilomadhovayu, Vilomagati, Vilomaja, Vilomajata, Vilomajihva, Vilomaka, Vilomakavya, Vilomakriya, Vilomaksharakavya, Vilomam, Viloman, Vilomana, Vilomapatha, Vilomapratilomaja, Vilomarasana, Vilomata, Vilomatrairashika, Vilomavarna, Vilomavidhi.
Ends with: Praviloma, Sthitiviloma.
Full-text (+15): Vilomavarna, Vilomajihva, Vilomavidhi, Vilomaja, Vilomam, Vilomatrairashika, Vilomakriya, Vilomotpanna, Viloman, Vilomata, Vilomita, Vilomarasana, Vilomapatha, Vilomajata, Vilometi, Vilomakavya, Trairashika, Vilomi, Vilomaka, Vailomya.
Relevant text
Search found 10 books and stories containing Viloma, Vi-loma, Vilōma; (plurals include: Vilomas, lomas, Vilōmas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Jain Science and Spirituality (by Medhavi Jain)
4.4. Yoga and The Awakening of Cakras < [Chapter 4 - Main Theory and Practices in Jainism]
The Garuda Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)
Chapter CXXXIX - Genealogy of the princes of the lunar race < [Brihaspati (Nitisara) Samhita]
The Shiva Purana (by J. L. Shastri)
Chapter 8 - Description of the Hell (naraka) < [Section 5 - Umā-Saṃhitā]
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 2.10.100 < [Chapter 10 - Conclusion of the Lord’s Mahā-prakāśa Pastimes]
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
The Bhagavata Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 24 - The History of the Race of Yadu < [Book 9 - Ninth Skandha]