Viloma: 22 definitions
Introduction:
Viloma means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Vilom.
Images (photo gallery)
In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Viloma (विलोम).—Reverse, in the opposite way; the same as प्रतिलोम (pratiloma) which see above.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Viloma (विलोम).—Retrograde. Note: Viloma is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian sciences such as Astronomy, Mathematics and Geometry.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Viloma (विलोम).—(VILOMĀ). A King. In Bhāgavata, King Viloma is stated as the son of King Vahni (Fire) and in Viṣṇu Purāṇa, as the son of Kapotaromā.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaivism
Viloma (विलोम) refers to “opposite”, according to the Jayadrathayāmala, Ṣaṭka 1 verse 13.3–18::—Accordingly, “[...] [And], O Goddess, [the Śivadharmadīkṣā] has two forms: in Śaiva scriptures the division of initiation is called that without the seed and that with the seed. [...] The sabījā is the opposite (viloma) to this and is performed, O beautiful one, for those who are learned, endure extremes and are able bodied. By those the rituals towards the Guru, the God and the fire have to be performed with extreme devotion, since the desired fruit will not come about for them who don’t do [these rites]. [...]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Shaktism
Viloma (विलोम) refers to “(being) contrary” (to enjoyment), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “Kaula, whose sphere is the unmanifest, is in the triple abode of the energy of Kula. That which is within Kula (Śiva / Śakti) and Kaula (the Absolute) is said to be (the supreme) plane (of existence). All that is contrary (viloma) to enjoyment and Yoga is devoid of Kaula”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
Viloma (विलोम) or Vilomagati refers to “working backwards” (i.e., the “method of inversion”), according to the principles of pāṭīgaṇita (“science of calculation which requires the use of writing material—the board”), according to Pṛthudakasvāmī’s commentary on the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta by Brahmagupta, a Sanskrit treatise on ancient Indian mathematics (gaṇita-śāstra) and astronomy from the 7th century.—The method of inversion called viloma-gati (“working backwards”) is found to have been commonly used in India from very early times.
Ganita (गणित) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Viloma (विलोम) refers to an “anticlockwise” (direction), according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly, [while explaining the fire-circle (agnicakra)]: “[...] [Every Yoginī on this circle is of] the Far-Reaching Level, lives in the sixth continent, is said [to dwell in] the melāpaka (“meeting”) [holy site], and has the nature of the wisdom and means. She indeed always [constitutes] a power circle and is to be understood as a beautiful woman [matching her consort hero resembling] her in appearance. All [deities on the circles] such as the Adamantine Circle are [placed] clockwise and anticlockwise (viloma) [anulomavilomataḥ]. [...]”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
viloma : (adj.) opposing; disagreeing.
Viloma, (adj.) (vi+loma) against the grain (lit. against the hair), discrepant, reversed, wrong, unnatural Vin. II, 115 (of cīvara: unsightly); J. III, 113; Dpvs VII. 55; DhA. I, 379; PvA. 87. (Page 636)
viloma (ဝိလောမ) [(ti) (တိ)]—
[vi+loma+(ka)．viloma-saṃ．]
[ဝိ+လောမ+(က)။ ဝိလောမ-သံ။]
[Pali to Burmese]
viloma—
(Burmese text): (၁) မညီညွတ်-မသင့်လျော်-သော။ (၂) ဆန့်ကျင်သော။ (၃) ရုန့်ရင်းကြမ်းတမ်းသော။
(Auto-Translation): (1) Inconsistent - inappropriate. (2) Opposite. (3) Harsh and rough.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
vilōma (विलोम).—a (S vi Against, lōma Hair.) Reverse, opposite, contrary, backward, against the hair (grain). 2 That is produced or born in the reverse order. Applied esp. to the mixed tribes--to the offspring of a Kshatriya-man with a Brahmanwoman, of a Vaishya-man with a Kshatriyawoman, and thus downwards, the female parent being of higher caste than the male.
vilōma (विलोम).—a Reverse, contrary, against the hair (grain).
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Viloma (विलोम).—a. (-mī f.)
1) Inverted, inverse, contrary, opposite.
2) Produced in the reverse order.
3) Backward.
4) Hairless.
5) Refractory.
-maḥ 1 Reverse order, inversion.
2) A dog.
3) A snake.
4) Name of Varuṇa.
-mam A waterwheel, machine for raising water from a well.
Viloma (विलोम).—mfn.
(-maḥ-mī-maṃ) Reverse, opposite, contrary, backward, against the hair. m.
(-maḥ) 1. Reverse, opposite course or order, &c. 2. A snake. 3. Varuna, regent of the waters. 4. A dog. n.
(-maṃ) A water-wheel, or machine for raising water. f. (-mī) Emblic myrobalan. E. vi implying difference, &c., and loma the hair of the body; also with kan added vilomaka .
Viloma (विलोम).—[adjective] against the hair or grain, contrary, refractory.
1) Viloma (विलोम):—[=vi-loma] [from vi] a See sub voce
2) [=vi-loma] b mf(ā)n. ([from] 3. vi + loman) against the hair or grain, turned the wrong way, inverted, contrary to the usual or proper course, opposed (pavana-vil, ‘turned against the wind’; am ind., ‘backwards’), [Gopatha-brāhmaṇa; Varāha-mihira; Rājataraṅgiṇī]
3) [v.s. ...] produced in reverse order, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
4) [v.s. ...] refractory, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
5) [v.s. ...] hairless (See tā below)
6) [v.s. ...] m. reverse order, opposite course, reverse, [Horace H. Wilson]
7) [v.s. ...] a snake, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) [v.s. ...] a dog, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) [v.s. ...] Name of Varuṇa, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) [=vi-loma] n. a water-wheel or machine for raising water from a well, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Viloma (विलोम):—[vi-loma] (maḥ-mī-maṃ) a. Against the hair or grain; reverse, contrary. m. Reverse course; a snake; Varuna; a dog. f. Emblic myrobalan. n. Water wheel.
Viloma (विलोम):—(2. vi + loman)
1) adj. (f. ā) = pratīpa [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1465.] [Anekārthasaṃgraha 3, 472.] [Medinīkoṣa Manu’s Gesetzbuch 53.] a) wider das Haar —, wider den Strich —, in entgegengesetzter Richtung gehend, in verkehrter Ordnung laufend: trikavalanavilomaṃ vīkṣya dūrātsvadeśam so v. a. hinter sich [Rājataraṅgiṇī 1, 374.] — b) widerspänstig: ein Elephant [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 94, 12.] —
2) m. a) Schlange. — b) Hund. — c) Varuṇa [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] —
3) f. ī Myrobalanenbaum [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] —
4) n. = araghaṭṭaka [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] (hier fälschlich arapaṭṭana) .
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Viloma (विलोम) [Also spelled vilom]:—(a and nm) reverse; converse; contrary; antonym; —[kriyā] inverse operation; ~[jāta] born in the reverse order (i.e. born feetlong); ~[ta]: conversely; ~[tā] reversion; contrariety; converseness; antonymousness; —[śabda] an antonym; a word having opposite meaning; [vilomita] reversed; conversed.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Vilōma (ವಿಲೋಮ):—
1) [adjective] turned the wrong way; inverted; contrary to the usual or proper course.
2) [adjective] unfavourable; harmful; adverse.
3) [adjective] having no hair; bald.
--- OR ---
Vilōma (ವಿಲೋಮ):—
1) [noun] the quality or condition of being inverted or contrary to the usual, proper course.
2) [noun] a dog.
3) [noun] a snake.
4) [noun] a device operated manually or drawn by a pair of oxen, for drawing water from a well.
5) [noun] a slower tempo, which takes the two times the normal tempo (musical time-unit) for singing the same lyrical portion.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Viloma (विलोम):—adj. 1. inverted; reverse; inverse; contrary; opposite; 2. produced in the reverse order; converse; n. reverse order; inversion;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Vi, Loma.
Starts with (+11): Vilomabhaga, Vilomabhavi, Vilomaceshta, Vilomadhovayu, Vilomagahaka, Vilomagahana, Vilomagati, Vilomaggaha, Vilomaggahi, Vilomaja, Vilomajata, Vilomajihva, Vilomakavya, Vilomakriya, Vilomana, Vilomapatha, Vilomapratilomaja, Vilomarasana, Vilomata, Vilomatrairashika.
Full-text (+34): Vilomata, Vilomatrairashika, Vilomajihva, Vilomakriya, Vilomam, Vilomavidhi, Vilomavarna, Vilomaja, Vilomapatha, Vilomana, Vilomarasana, Vilomajata, Vilomakavya, Vilometi, Vilomaggahi, Vilomotpanna, Viloman, Vilometva, Aviloma, Vilomabhaga.
Relevant text
Search found 37 books and stories containing Viloma, Vi-loma, Vi-loma-, Vilōma; (plurals include: Vilomas, lomas, s, Vilōmas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 324 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 603 < [Bengali-Hindi-English, Volume 3]
Page 79 < [Hindi-Bengali-English Volume 3]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
International Ayurvedic Medical Journal
Comparative clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of geetam and chandranulomaviloma pranayama in krodha < [2021, Issue 10, October]
Role of pathya-apthya and yogic procedures in the management of amlapitta < [2016, Issue XII December]
An overview on yoga alongside its benefits in menarche and menopause < [2021, Issue 9, September]
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Effects of anuloma-viloma pranayama on cardio-respiratory function. < [2015: Volume 4, February issue 2]
Importance and benefits of pranayama- a literary review < [2018: Volume 7, June issue 11]
Ayurvedic management of avascular necrosis of femoral head –a case report < [2017: Volume 6, October issue 12]
Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine
Ayurvedic management of Ardita- A Case report < [Volume 11, issue 1 (2023)]
Healthy life-style prescriptions for different personality types (tridosha prakriti) < [Volume 2, issue 7 (2014)]
Management of avascular necrosis through ayurveda – a case study < [Volume 3, issue 2 (2015)]
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences
Understanding the treatment modalities of Generalized Anxiety Disorder... < [Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)]
Effect of Suryanamaskara and Heating Pranayama on Grade 1 Obesity - A... < [Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)]
Efficacy of Yogic Practices in Patient with Conductive Deafness and Secretory... < [Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)]