Shadja, Ṣaḍja, Ṣaḍjā: 15 definitions
Introduction:
Shadja means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Ṣaḍja and Ṣaḍjā can be transliterated into English as Sadja or Shadja, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraṢaḍja (षड्ज) refers to the first of the seven “musical notes” (svara), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 6, chapter 19 and chapter 28. These seven notes are part of the ‘vocal representation’ (vācika), which is used in communicating the meaning of the drama and calling forth the sentiment (rasa). The seven notes (svara) are to be used in different sentiments (rasa). For example, ṣaḍja and ṛṣabha are to be used in the heroic (vīra) and the furious (raudra) sentiment.
The presiding deity of the ṣaḍja musical note (svara) is defined by various sources:
Nāradīyā-śīkṣā 1.5.13-14 mentions that the ṣaḍja note is sung by Agni.
Bṛhaddeśī 75-76 mentions Brahmā as the presiding deity of ṣaḍja.
Saṅgītaratnākara 1.3.57-58 mentions Vahni (Agni) as the presiding deity of ṣaḍja.
Saṃgītamakaranda 1.1.38, Idem.
Cf. Saṃgītarāja 2.1.1.264.
The following animal sounds are associated with this note:
Nāradīyā-śīkṣā 1.5.3 assigns this note to the cry of the peacock (mayūra).
Bṛhaddeśī 64, p13, 2.1-5, Idem.
Saṃgītamakaranda 1.1.13, Idem.
Saṅgītaratnākara 1.3.4.6, Idem.
Cf. Saṃgītarāja 2.1.1.212.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexṢaḍja (षड्ज).—The sixteenth kalpa; the sages, called Ṣaḍjanas.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 21. 34.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shiksha (linguistics: phonetics, phonology etc.)
Source: Google Books: Dattilam: A Compendium of Ancient Indian Music [shiksha]Ṣaḍja (षड्ज) refers to the first of six notes (svara) in Indian music.—Because it is situated in the nose, the throad, the chest, the palate, the tongue and the teeth, and because it springs from these six, it is traditionally called ṣaḍja. (Nāradīyā-śikṣā 1.5.7-11)
Shiksha (शिक्षा, śikṣā) deals with Sanskrit linguistics and represents a branch of vedanga (vedic ancillary science). Shiksha deals with subjects such as phonetics, phonology, study of sound, letters of the Sanskrit alphabet and related topics. Much attention is also given to the study of recitation (patha) of Vedic verses.
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Source: archive.org: Illustrations of Indian Music and Dance in Western Indian StyleṢaḍja (षड्ज).—Illustration of the ṣaḍja-svara according to 15th century art.—The colour of the body of ṣaḍja-svara is red like copper. He has six heads and four hands. He holds lotus flowers in two hands and a vīṇā (Indian lute) with the other two hands. His vehicle is a peacock. The colour of his scarf is yellow with a black design and the colour of the lower garment is blue like a sky with a red design.
The illustrations (of, for example Ṣaḍja) are found scattered throughout ancient Jain manuscripts from Gujarat. The descriptions of these illustrations of this citrāvalī are based on the ślokas of Vācanācārya Gaṇi Sudhākalaśa’s Saṅgītopaniṣatsāroddhāra (14th century) and Śārṅgadeva’s Saṅgītaratnākara (13th century).
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Source: Shodhganga: Siva Gita A Critical StudyṢaḍja (षड्ज) or Ṣaḍjagītā refers to one of the sixty-four Gītās commonly referred to in Hindu scriptures.—Gītā is the name given to certain sacred writings in verse (often in the form of a dialogue) which are devoted to the exposition of particular religious and theosophical doctrines. Most of these Gītās [i.e., Ṣaḍja-gītā] originate from the Mahābhārata or the various Purāṇas.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
Gitashastra (science of music)
Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (gita)1) Ṣaḍjā (षड्जा) refers to one of the Seven mūrcchanās belonging to ṣaḍjagrāma, according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—The Mūrcchanās represent the “ascending (ārohaṇa) and the descending (avarohaṇa) movement of the seven svaras (i.e., the scale) in successive order”, according to the Saṃgītaratnākara. In the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa twenty-one types of mūrcchanās [e.g., ṣaḍjā] are accepted and those are said to be related to seven svaras and are dependent on each of three grāmas.
2) Ṣaḍja (षड्ज) refers to one of the Seven svaras (“notes of music”), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa.—The sound which has the quality of satisfying nature to please the listeners’ minds and also has śrutis immediately before it is called a svara. In the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa and the Saṃgītaratnākara, seven kinds of svara [e.g., ṣaḍja] are accepted. [...] It is seen that when two separate musical sounds occur at one time and both are gradually rising in one pitch following a particular direction, those sounds can be called as svaras.
Gitashastra (गीतशास्त्र, gītaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of Music (gita or samgita), which is traditionally divided in Vocal music, Instrumental music and Dance (under the jurisdiction of music). The different elements and technical terms are explained in a wide range of (often Sanskrit) literature.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryṣaḍja (षड्ज).—m S (ṣaṣ & ज. Born of six. Supposed to require for the articulation of it the employment of the tongue, teeth, palate, nose, throat, and chest.) The fourth note of the Hindu gamut.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishṣaḍja (षड्ज).—m The fourth note of the Hindu gamut.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryṢaḍja (षड्ज).—m.
(-ḍjaḥ) The first of the seven primary notes in music. E. ṣaṣ six, ja born: supposed to require for its articulation the employment of the tongue, teeth, palate, nose, throat, and chest.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryṢaḍja (षड्ज).—i. e. ṣaṣ-ja, m. The fourth note of the Hindu gamut, [Raghuvaṃśa, (ed. Stenzler.)] 1, 39.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Ṣaḍja (षड्ज):—[=ṣaḍ-ja] [from ṣaḍ > ṣaṣ] m. ‘six-born’, Name of the first or ([according to] to some) of the fourth of the 7 Svaras or primary notes of music (so called because it is supposed to be produced by six organs, viz. tongue, teeth, palate, nose, throat, and chest; the other six Svaras are Ṛṣabha, Gāndhāra, Madhyama, Pañcama, Dhaivata, and Niṣāda, of which Niṣ° and Gāndh° are referred to the Udātta, Ṛṣ° and Dhaiv° to the An-udātta, while Ṣaḍ-ja and the other two are referred to the Svarita accent; the sound of the Ṣaḍ-ja is said to resemble the note of peacocks), [Mahābhārata; Raghuvaṃśa; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] Name of the 16th Kalpa or day of Brahmā, [Catalogue(s)]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryṢaḍja (षड्ज):—(ḍjaḥ) 1. m. The 4th note of the Hindu gamut.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Ṣaḍja (षड्ज) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Sajja.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusṢaḍja (ಷಡ್ಜ):—[adjective] produced with the help of the tongue, teeth, palate, nose, throat and chest.
--- OR ---
Ṣaḍja (ಷಡ್ಜ):—[noun] (mus.) the first of the seven musical notes which is the base pitch.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Ja, Shash, Sat.
Starts with: Shadjaal, Shadjagita, Shadjagrama, Shadjakaishiki, Shadjamadhya, Shadjamadhyama, Shadjamareshvara, Shadjana, Shadjasvara, Shadjodichyavati, Shadjodicyavati, Shatjakramam, Shatjam.
Ends with: Adharashadja, Bhinnashadja, Cyutashadja, Purnashadja, Shuddhashadja, Tarashadja.
Full-text (+93): Svara, Shuddhashadja, Shadjamadhya, Grama, Sajja, Saptasvara, Shadjagrama, Shadjamareshvara, Murchana, Shatjam, Shadga, Shabdavishesha, Tana, Shadjakaishiki, Svayambhusvara, Shadjodicyavati, Shadjasvara, Shatjakramam, Shatsvara, Shadji.
Relevant text
Search found 24 books and stories containing Shadja, Shad-ja, Ṣaḍja, Sadja, Ṣaḍjā, Ṣaḍ-ja, Sad-ja; (plurals include: Shadjas, jas, Ṣaḍjas, Sadjas, Ṣaḍjās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
Music (Nāṭya-varga) < [Chapter 4 - Cultural Aspects]
Natyashastra (English) (by Bharata-muni)
Chapter XXX - On Hollow Instruments (suṣira)
Chapter XXVIII - On the Instrumental Music (ātodya)
Part 2 - The Ancient Indian Theory and Practice of Music < [Introduction, Part 2]
Reason in Carnatic Music < [April 1949]
Our National Bird: The Peacock its Myths and Legends < [October 1966]
Our National Bird: The Peacock its Myths and Legends < [October 1966]
Vishnudharmottara Purana (Art and Architecture) (by Bhagyashree Sarma)
3. Vocal Music (Gīta) < [Chapter 2 - Music]
3. The Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa and Modern Music < [Chapter 6 - Modern Relevance of Different Art Forms and Architecture]
Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari (by K. A. Subramania Iyer)
Verse 1.119 < [Book 1 - Brahma-kāṇḍa (or Āgama-samuccaya)]
Verse 1.35 < [Book 1 - Brahma-kāṇḍa (or Āgama-samuccaya)]
The Brahmanda Purana (by G.V. Tagare)
Chapter 61 - A dissertation on Music < [Section 3 - Upodghāta-pāda]
Chapter 62 - The science of music < [Section 3 - Upodghāta-pāda]
Notes on Grāmas, Mūrcchanās and Tānas < [Notes]
Related products
