Sat, Shat, Śat, Śaṭ, Ṣāṭ, Saṭ, Sāṭ, Sāt: 17 definitions

Introduction:

Sat means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit terms Śat and Śaṭ and Ṣāṭ can be transliterated into English as Sat or Shat, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

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In Hinduism

Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

Śat (शत्).—tad. affix शत् (śat) as seen in the words त्रिंशत्, चत्वारिंशत् (triṃśat, catvāriṃśat) etc., cf. पङिक्तविंशतित्रि-शच्चत्वरिंशत् (paṅiktaviṃśatitri-śaccatvariṃśat) P. V.1.59.

Vyakarana book cover
context information

Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

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Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

Source: Pure Bhakti: Bhagavad-gita (4th edition)

Sat (सत्) refers to “eternal, pure, godly. It is used to describe the Absolute Truth. Vrajendra-nandana Śrī Kṛṣṇa is the complete sat entity. It also refers to His abodes, incarnations, devotees, the bona fide guru, etc”. (cf. Glossary page from Śrīmad-Bhagavad-Gītā).

Vaishnavism book cover
context information

Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).

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In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: Jain eLibrary: 7th International Summer School for Jain Studies

The definitive word for reality is ‘sat’ or existent. Each existent is with origination–decay and permanence simultaneously. Thus reality is said to be persistence with change. Existents are characterised by dravya (substance) and the realms of substances are classified as jīva (living beings with consciousness) and non living beings (ajīva or without consciousne ss).

Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra

1) Sat (सत्, “existence”).—What is meant by truth /reality (sat)? Sat is defined as existence (astitva) of an entity.

According to Tattvārthasūtra 1.8, “the categories and their details are undefrstood in detail in terms of existence (sat), number (enumeration), place or abode, extent of space touched (pervasion), continuity /time, interval of time, thought-activity, and reciprocal comparison”.

2) Sat (सत्, “reality”).—That which is with origination-destruction and permanence simultaneously is sat / real.

3) Sat refers to “right knowledge”, according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 1.32, “Owing to lack of discrimination between the real and the unreal, wrong knowledge is whimsical as that of a lunatic”.

Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 5: The category of the non-living

Sat (सत्, “existence”) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 5.29, “Existence (bring or sat) is the different of substance” and 54.30, “Existence (sat) is characterized by origination (utpāda), disappearance (destruction) (vyaya) and permanence (dhrauvya)”. Is the difference in origination, destruction and permanence due to time or the state? All these three activities take place at the same time and hence the difference between these three is the state difference only.

How do the three states exist simultaneously? At any time instant, the old mode is being destroyed and the new mode is originating while the entity /substance retains (or does not change or leave) its own nature which is permanence. Hence all three states co-exist. Are the trio of origination, destruction and permanence different or same from different viewpoints? From the mode viewpoint, substance keep on originating and destroying continuously wile from substance viewpoint, they always stay the same. Hence they are both different and same.

General definition book cover
context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

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Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

ṣaṭ (षट्).—S Six. As ṣaṣ is the word, ṣaṭ & ṣaḍ are used only in comp. as ṣaṭakōṇa, ṣaṭaprakāra, ṣaḍasra, ṣaḍaguṇita &c.

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sat (सत्).—n S The true (i. e. real, substantive, self-subsisting) being;--a designation of Brahm as the real and sole substance of the (illusively) material universe. sat here has no implication of moral truth or moral goodness. 2 m A holy being, a saint.

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sat (सत्).—a S True, real, actual, truly existing. 2 True, good, excellent, virtuous, right, fit, proper, true or good in the most extensive sense. Only in comp. and thus abundantly. Ex. satkarma, sat- kalpanā, satkṛta, satputra, satsaṅga, satpuruṣa, sadguṇa, sadvidyā, sadvāsanā, satsamāgama, satsēvā, sadācāra, sadgati, sadguru, sadgṛhastha, saddharma, sadbhāva. Of these, as they are current and useful words, and as they are not instantly recognizable and reducible by the student, the major portion will be inserted in order.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

ṣaṭ (षट्).—a Six

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sat (सत्).—a True, real, actual. True, good, excellent, right, fit. Only in comp. Ex. satkarma, sadācāra. m A saint. n A true being-a designation of brahma as the real substance of the (illusory) material universe.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Śaṭ (शट्).—I. 1 P. (śaṭati)

1) To be sick.

2) To divide, separate.

3) To be dissolved.

4) To be weary or dejected.

5) To go, -II. 1 Ā. (śāṭayate) To praise, flatter.

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Ṣāṭ (षाट्).—ind. A vocative particle; interjection of calling.

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Saṭ (सट्).—I. 1 P. (saṭati) To form a part. -II. 1 U. (sāṭayati-te) To show, display, manifest.

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Sat (सत्).—a. (- f.)

1) Being, existing, existent; सन्तः स्वतः प्रकाशन्ते गुणा न परतो नृणाम् (santaḥ svataḥ prakāśante guṇā na parato nṛṇām) Bv.1.12; सत्कल्पवृक्षे वने (satkalpavṛkṣe vane) Ś.7.12.

2) Real, essential, true; Bṛ. Up.2.3.1.

3) Good, virtuous, chaste; सती सती योगविसृष्टदेहा (satī satī yogavisṛṣṭadehā) Kumārasambhava 1. 21; Ś.5.17.

4) Noble, worthy, high; as in सत्कुलम् (satkulam).

5) Right, proper.

6) Best, excellent.

7) Venerable, respectable.

8) Wise, learned.

9) Handsome, beautiful.

1) Firm, steady.

-m. A good or virtuous man, a sage; आदानं हि विसर्गाय सतां वारिमुचामिव (ādānaṃ hi visargāya satāṃ vārimucāmiva) R.4.86; अविरतं परकार्यकृतां सतां मधुरिमातिशयेन वचोऽमृतम् (avirataṃ parakāryakṛtāṃ satāṃ madhurimātiśayena vaco'mṛtam) Bv.1.113; Bhartṛhari 2. 78; R.1.1.

-n. 1) That which really exists, entity, existence, essence.

2) The really existent truth, reality.

3) Good; as in सदसत् (sadasat) q. v.

4) Brahman or the Supreme Spirit.

5) Ved. Water.

6) The primary cause (kāraṇa); य ईक्षिताऽहं रहितोऽप्यसत्सतोः (ya īkṣitā'haṃ rahito'pyasatsatoḥ) Bhāgavata 1.38.11.

7) (In gram.) The termination of the present participle. (satkṛ means 1) to respect, treat with respect, receive hospitably. 2) to honour, worship, adore. 3) to adorn.)

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Sāṭ (साट्).—1 U. (sāṭayati-te) To show, manifest.

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Sāt (सात्).—ind. A Taddhita affix added to a word to show that something is completely changed into the thing expressed by that word, or that it is left at the complete disposal or control of that thing; भस्मसात् भू (bhasmasāt bhū) 'to be completely reduced to ashes'; अग्निसात् कृत्वा (agnisāt kṛtvā) M.5; भस्मसात् कृतवः पितृद्विषः पात्रसाच्च वसुधां ससागराम् (bhasmasāt kṛtavaḥ pitṛdviṣaḥ pātrasācca vasudhāṃ sasāgarām) R.11.86; विभज्य मेरुर्न यदर्थिसात् कृतः (vibhajya merurna yadarthisāt kṛtaḥ) N.1.16; so ब्राह्मणसात्, राजसात् (brāhmaṇasāt, rājasāt) &c.; Śiśupālavadha 14.36.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śaṭ (शट्).—r. 1st cl. (śaṭati) 1. To be diseased or sick. 2. To divide, to pierce or separate. 3. To go. 4. To be low spirited, to be weary or dejected. r. 10th cl. (śāṭayate) To flatter, to praise.

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Ṣaṭ (षट्).—r. 1st cl. (ṣaṭati) To be a part or portion.

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Ṣāṭ (षाट्).—Ind. An interjection of calling.

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Saṭ (सट्).—r. 1st cl. (saṭati) To form a part. r. 10th cl. (sāṭayati-te) To show, to manifest.

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Sat (सत्).—mfn. (-san-santī-sat) 1. True. 2. Good, virtuous. 3. Being, existing. 4. Excellent, best. 5. Venerable, respectable. 6. Wise, learned. 7. Firm, steady. 8. Right, proper. f. (-satī) 1. A virtuous wife; in ordinary use applied especially to the wife, who burns herself with her husband’s corpse. 2. The goddess Uma. 3. A fragrant earth, commonly Surat-earth. 4. A species of the Pratishtha metre. n. (sat) 1. The true God, the always present and all-pervading spirit. 2. That which really is, entity, existence, essence. 3. Truth, reality. 4. That which is good. m. (-san) A virtuous man. Ind. (-sat) In composition, a particle of reverence or respect, implying, good, fit, &c.; as satkriyā virtue, doing what is right, &c. E. as to be, aff. of the participle of the present tense śatṛ .

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Sāṭ (साट्).—r. 10th cl. (sāṭayati-te) To make visible, to show.

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Sāt (सात्).—r. 10th cl. (sātayati-te) To give pleasure; according to some it is a Sautra root.

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Sāt (सात्).—Ind. A Tadhita affix which, when put after a word, denotes either a total change of anything into the thing expressed by that word, or complete control.

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Sāt (सात्).—n. (-sāt) Brahma, God. E. sāti to cause happiness, aff. kvip .

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śaṭ (शट्).—i. 1, [Parasmaipada.] 1. To be diseased. 2. To divide. 3. To be dissolved. 4. To be low-spirited. 5. To go.

— Cf. 2. śaṭh.

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Saṭ (सट्).—i. 1, [Parasmaipada.] To be a part or portion.

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Sāṭ (साट्).—i. 10, [Parasmaipada.] To make manifest.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śat (शत्).—śātayati śātayate cut in pieces, cause to fall off, break or throw down, destroy.

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Sat (सत्).—v. sant.

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Sāt (सात्).—go or come to ([accusative]).

Sāt is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms sa and at (अत्).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Śaṭ (शट्):—([probably] artificial) [class] 1. [Parasmaipada] śaṭati, to be sick;

—to divide, pierce;

—to be dissolved;

—to be weary or dejected;

—to go, [Dhātupāṭha ix, 12] : [class] 10. [Ātmanepada] śāṭayate, [Dhātupāṭha xxxiii, 18] [varia lectio] for √1. śaṭh.

2) Śat (शत्):—śātayati See √2. śad, p.1051.

3) Ṣaṭ (षट्):—a ṣaḍ (in [compound] for ṣaṣ) See below.

4) [from ṣaṣ] b ind. six times, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa]

5) [from ṣaṣ] c in [compound] for ṣaṣ.

6) Ṣāṭ (षाट्):—ind. a vocative particle or interjection of calling, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) Saṭ (सट्):—[class] 1. [Parasmaipada] saṭati, to be a part of [Dhātupāṭha ix, 26]:—[Causal] or [class] 10. sāṭayati (See √sāṭ).

8) Sat (सत्):—mf(satī)n. ([present participle] of √1. as) being, existing, occurring, happening, being present (sato me, ‘when I was present’; often connected with other participles or with an adverb e.g. nāmni kṛte sati, ‘when the name has been given’; tathā sati, ‘if it be so’; also [in the beginning of a compound], where sometimes = ‘possessed of’ cf. sat-kalpavṛkṣa), [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.

9) abiding in ([locative case]), [Mahābhārata]

10) belonging to ([genitive case]), [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa]

11) living, [Muṇḍaka-upaniṣad]

12) lasting, enduring, [Kāvya literature; Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.

13) real, actual, as any one or anything ought to be, true, good, right (tan na sat, ‘that is not right’), beautiful, wise, venerable, honest (often in [compound] See below), [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.

14) m. a being, ([plural]) beings, creatures, [Ṛg-veda] etc.

15) a good or wise man, a sage, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa]

16) good or honest or wise or respectable people, [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.

17) n. that which really is, entity or existence, essence, the true being or really existent (in the Vedānta, ‘the self-existent or Universal Spirit, Brahma’), [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.

18) that which is good or real or true, good, advantage, reality, truth, [ib.]

19) water, [Naighaṇṭuka, commented on by Yāska i, 12]

20) (in gram.) the terminations of the present participle, [Pāṇini 3-2, 127 etc.]

21) ind. (cf. sat-√kṛ etc.) well, right, fitly.

22) cf. [Greek] ὥν, ἐών for ἐσων; [Latin] sens in absens, pra-sens; sons, ‘guilty’, [originally] ‘the real doer’; [Lithuanian] sās, ésas; [Slavonic or Slavonian] sy, sašta.

23) Sāṭ (साट्):—[class] 10. [Parasmaipada] sāṭayati, to make visible or manifest, [Dhātupāṭha xxxv, 84.]

24) Sāt (सात्):—1. sāt a Taddhita affix which when put after a word denotes a total change of anything into the thing expressed by that word (See agni-, bhasma-sāt etc.)

25) 2. sāt a Sautra root meaning ‘to give pleasure’ [Pāṇini; Vopadeva]

26) 3. sāt n. Name of Brahman, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Śaṭ (शट्):—śaṭati 1. a. To be sick; to divide; to go; to be dejected. śāṭayati 10. a. To flatter.

2) Ṣaṭ (षट्):—ṣaṭati 1. a. To be a part or portion.

3) Ṣāṭ (षाट्):—ind. An interjection of calling.

4) Sat (सत्):—[(n-tī-t) a.] Existing, being; real; stable; genuine, true; good, excellent; venerable, wise. f. (ī) A satī, who burns herself with her husband; Durgā; fragrant earth. n. The supreme Being. In comp., good.

5) Sāt (सात्):—(t) 5. m. Brahmā, God.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Sat (सत्) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Sa, Saḍa, Samāṇa.

[Sanskrit to German]

Sat in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

1) Shat in Hindi refers in English to:—(nm) one hundred; ~[dha] in a hundred ways; ~[patra] the lotus (flower); —[pratishata] cent per cent; ~[varshiki] centenary; •[samaroha] centenary celebration..—shat (शत) is alternatively transliterated as Śata.

2) Ṣaṭ (षट्):—(a) six; (nm) the number six; ~[karṇa] heard by six ears, heard by a third person (besides the speaker and listener); having six ears; very alert, attentive; ~[koṇa] a hexagon; six angled; ~[khaṃḍa] having six parts/divisions; ~[cakra] the six mysterious chakras (viz. [mūlādhāra, adhiṣṭhāna, maṇipura, anāhata, viśuddha] and [ājñā] of the body according to [haṭhayoga); ~pada/pāda] six-footed; big male black-bee; ~[śāstra] the six schools of Indian philosophy (viz. [nyāya, ,sāṃkhya, yoga, vaiśeṣika, pūrvamīmāṃsā] and [uttumīmāṃsā); ~śāstrī] well-versed in all the six shastras.

3) Sat in Hindi refers in English to:—(nm) essence, juice; strength, vitality; truth, truthfulness; an allomorph of [sata] used as the first member in certain compound words; ~[guna] seven times; ~[guru] true/good preceptor; God; ~[juga] one and the first of the four yugas (the other being [dvapara, treta] and [kali]) of the universe according to Indian mythology. The [satayuga] is said to be the best or golden period/age of creation; ~[yugi] belonging to the ~[yuga; ~naja] a mixture of seven corns; ~[ramga/ramga] seven-coloured; multicoloured; ~[masa] of seven months; a ceremony performed about the seventh month of pregnancy; (a child) born in the seventh month of pregnancy; ~[lada] seven-stringed (necklace, etc.); ~[vamti] (a) chaste (woman); ~[vamsa] see ~[masa; ~sai] a collection of seven hundred (and odd) couplets (generally [doha] and [soratha]); see [sat; —diga jahana diga] when character is lost all is lost; —[para (jame) rahana] to hold on to the righteous path; to maintain one’s chastity..—sat (सत) is alternatively transliterated as Sata.

4) Sat (सत्):—(a) good; pious, virtuous; present; true; —[ḍigā jahāna ḍigā] when character is lost all is lost.

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Tamil dictionary

Source: DDSA: University of Madras: Tamil Lexicon

Ṣaṭ (ஷட்) noun < ṣaṭ nominative of ṣaṣ. Six. See சட்டு¹. [sattu¹.]

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Sat (ஸத்) noun < sat. See சத்து¹. [sathu¹.]

context information

Tamil is an ancient language of India from the Dravidian family spoken by roughly 250 million people mainly in southern India and Sri Lanka.

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