Shudra, aka: Sudra, Śūdra, Śūdrā; 15 Definition(s)
Introduction
Shudra means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Śūdra and Śūdrā can be transliterated into English as Sudra or Shudra, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Purana
Śūdra (शूद्र) is the name of a caste (varṇa) mentioned in the Nīlamatapurāṇa.—The Śūdras were to serve the twice-born varṇas. As regards their position in the society, those who served in the houses of the higher varṇas, received sympathetic treatment from their masters.
Source: archive.org: Nilamata Purana: a cultural and literary studyŚūdra (शूद्र).—See under Cāturvarṇyam.
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopaedia1a) Śūdra (शूद्र).—The members of the fourth Varṇa;1 their duty was service;2 not fit for the study of the Vedas;3 invited for the Rājasūya of Yudhiṣṭira;4 kings of Kali age, especially after Puramjaya;5 receive gifts, become ascetics and expound dharma from high places in Kali;6 duty was dharma paricāra yajña; take to Brāhmaṇa dharma in Kali yuga; not fit for panktibhojanam. For the sake of 1,000 Śūdras, one Brāhmaṇa may be killed; creation of: Pṛṣadhra born a Śūdra by cow-slaughter;7 meditate on Devī's 108 names; perform śrāddha with no mantras;8 observe a month's pollution for father's death; Yayāti's benevolence to; Śūdra kings rooted out by Kalki;9 may observe Rohiṇicandra śayanam and Angāraka vratam.10
- 1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa I. 13. 15; II. 1. 37; 7. 38 and 46; VII. 11. 24.
- 2) Ib. VIII. 5. 41; XI. 17. 19.
- 3) Ib. X. 24. 20; 38. 4.
- 4) Ib. X. 74. 11.
- 5) Ib. XI. 4. 22; 5. 4; 12. 4; 27. 4; XII. 1. 8 and 38; 2. 35.
- 6) Ib. XII. 3. 38.
- 7) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 29. 55; 31. 394 and 367; III. 10. 96; 11. 87; 15. 44; 68. 67; IV. 6. 43.
- 8) Matsya-purāṇa 4. 28; 12. 25; 13. 63; 17. 64, 70-71.
- 9) Ib. 18. 3; 34. 5; 47. 250. 50. 75; 144. 39-54.
- 10) Ib. 57. 6; 72. 20-1; 114. 12; 217. 2.
1b) Created out of the feet of the Lord;1 Gāndharvam sthānam;2 duties of;3 as kings from the time of Mahāpadma;4 take to asceticism and become followers of heretical sects; no regard for age, learning and family;5 fortunate, because they do not have to undergo the ordeals of performing rituals and ceremonials incumbent on the twice born castes; not fettered by restrictions of any sort.6
- 1) Viṣṇu-purāṇa I. 6. 6.
- 2) Ib. I. 6. 35.
- 3) Ib. III. 8. 33-4.
- 4) Ib. IV. 24. 21 and 68.
- 5) Vāyu-purāṇa 58. 40-41; Viṣṇu-purāṇa VI. 1. 37.
- 6) Ib. VI. 2. 23. 4.
1c) A tribe.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 114. 40.
2a) Śūdrā (शूद्रा).—(Prabhākara); a daughter of Bhadrāśva and Gḥṛtācī; one of the ten wives of Atri.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 8. 75; Vāyu-purāṇa 70. 68.
2b) One of the ten daughters of Raudrāśva.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 99. 125.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Śūdra (शूद्र).—The Śūdras should always be represented by a deep blue (śyāma) color when painting the limbs (aṅgaracanā), according to Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 23. The painting is a component of nepathya (costumes and make-up) and is to be done in accordance with the science of āhāryābhinaya (extraneous representation).
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraOne of the Hands denoting the Four Castes.—Śūdra: left hand–Śikhara, right hand–Sūci.
Source: archive.org: The mirror of gesture (abhinaya-darpana)
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (śāstra) of performing arts, (nāṭya, e.g., theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing dramatic plays (nataka) and poetic works (kavya).
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Śūdra (शूद्र).—Those who are not sufficiently intelligent to be brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas or vaiśyas are required to serve a master and are called śūdras. The divisions of brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya and śūdra are natural divisions within society. Indeed, everyone has a prescribed duty according to the varṇāśrama-dharma. Those who properly execute their prescribed duties live peacefully and are not disturbed by material conditions.
Śrī Rāmānanda Rāya belonged to the karaṇa class, which is the equivalent of the kāyastha class in Bengal. This class is regarded all over India as śūdra.
Source: Prabhupada Books: Sri Caitanya Caritamrta
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Itihasa (narrative history)
Śūdra (शूद्र) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. II.47.7, II.48.32, VI.10.46, VI.10.65, VIII.30.53) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Śūdra) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and placesItihasa (इतिहास, itihāsa) refers to ‘epic history’ and represents a branch of Sanskrit literature which popularly includes 1) the eighteen major Puranas, 2) the Mahabharata and 3) the Ramayana. It is a branch of Vedic Hinduism categorised as smriti literature (‘that which is remembered’) as opposed to shruti literature (‘that which is transmitted verbally’).
General definition (in Hinduism)
Peasants and Workers are classified as Shudras according to the Varna system. They are the fourth class according to this classifications. They are said to have sprang forth from the feet of the primordial Purusha.
Source: Apam Napat: Indian MythologyShudra is the fourth varna, whose mythological origins are described in the Purusha Sukta of the Rig veda, one of the sacred texts of Hinduism, and later explained in the Manusmṛti. This latter text defines society as comprising four groups, sometimes also called chaturvarna, of which the other three are Brahmins (priests), Kshatriya (those with governing functions) and Vaishya (agriculturalists, cattle rearers and traders). According to this ancient text, the Shudra perform functions of serving the other three varna.
Source: WikiPedia: HinduismA śūdra (शूद्र) is a person with natural aptitude for service and physical work.
Source: India Facts: Exploring the World of VarnaŚūdra (शूद्र).—A member of the fourth social order, laborer class, in the traditional Vedic social system. He is meant to render service to the three higher classes, namely the brāhmaṇas, the kṣatriyas, and the vaiśyas.
Source: ISKCON Press: GlossaryIn Buddhism
General definition (in Buddhism)
Sudra in Sanskrit, Sudda in Pali. The lowest of the four Indian Castes at the time of Shakyamuni. They were peasants, slaves and serfs.Source: Buddhist Door: GlossaryLanguages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
śūdra (शूद्र).—m (S) The Shudra or fourth grand division of the Hindu body: also an individual of it. They are fabled to have sprung from the feet of Brahma, and they constitute the servile classes. 2 This word is prefixed to certain words signifying things of which there are varieties, in order to designate the black, dark, or dusky variety; as, prefixed to hirā it expresses Dusky or dim or colored diamond; to bhāṅga, sabajī, pimpaḷa &c. it expresses Bhang &c. of the darkest hue. See for this sense brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, & vaiśya.
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryśūdra (शूद्र).—m The 4th grand division of the Hindu body.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-EnglishMarathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit-English dictionary
Śūdra (शूद्र).—[śuc-rak pṛṣo° casya daḥ dīrghaḥ Uṇ.2.19] A man of the fourth or the last of the four principal tribes of the Hindus; he is said to have been born from the feet of Puruṣa; पद्भ्यां शूद्रो अजायत (padbhyāṃ śūdro ajāyata) Ṛv.1.9.12; or of Brahman; Ms.1.87; and his principal business was to serve the three higher castes; एकमेव तु शूद्रस्य प्रभुः कर्म समादिशत् । एतेषामेव वर्णानां शुश्रुषामनसूयया (ekameva tu śūdrasya prabhuḥ karma samādiśat | eteṣāmeva varṇānāṃ śuśruṣāmanasūyayā) || Ms.1.9.
Derivable forms: śūdraḥ (शूद्रः).
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Śūdrā (शूद्रा).—A woman of the Śūdra tribe.
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionarySanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family. Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Relevant definitions
Search found 664 related definition(s) that might help you understand this better. Below you will find the 15 most relevant articles:
| Shudrabhuyishtha | Śūdrabhūyiṣṭha (शूद्रभूयिष्ठ).—a. consisting mostly of Śūdra; यद्राष्ट्रं शूद्रभूयिष्ठम् (yadrā... | |
| Shudraghna | Śūdraghna (शूद्रघ्न).—a. 1) killing a Śūdra. 2) the slayer of a Śūdra; एतदेव व्रतं कृत्स्नं षण्... | |
| Shudrasevana | Śūdrasevana (शूद्रसेवन).—serving a Śūdra, being the servant of a Śūdra; Ms.11.69.Derivable form... | |
| Shudrashasana | Śūdraśāsana (शूद्रशासन).—1) dominion of a Śūdra. 2) a written bond of a Śūdra; L. D. B. 3) an e... | |
| Shudrastambha |
Śūdrastambha (शूद्रस्तम्भ) is a Sanskrit word referring to “the śūdra pillar”. During the ce... | |
| Shudrahan | Śūdrahan (शूद्रहन्).—a. 1) killing a Śūdra. 2) the slayer of a Śūdra; एतदेव व्रतं कृत्स्नं षण्म... | |
| Shudradharma | Śūdradharma (शूद्रधर्म).—the duties of a Śūdra. Derivable forms: śūdradharmaḥ (शूद्रधर्मः).Śūdr... | |
| Shudravedin | Śūdrāvedin (शूद्रावेदिन्).—a. marrying a Śūdra woman; शूद्रावेदी पतति (śūdrāvedī patati) Ms.3.1... | |
| Shudrapreshya | Śūdrapreṣya (शूद्रप्रेष्य).—a man of any of the three higher castes who has become a servant to... | |
| Shudrakritya | Śūdrakṛtya (शूद्रकृत्य).—the duties of a Śūdra. Derivable forms: śūdrakṛtyam (शूद्रकृत्यम्).Śūd... | |
| Shudrayajaka | Śūdrayājaka (शूद्रयाजक).—one who conducts a sacrifice for a Śūdra. Derivable forms: śūdrayājaka... | |
| Shudrarajya | Śūdrarājya (शूद्रराज्य).—a country of which a Śūdra is a king; न शूद्रराज्ये निवसेत् (na śūdrar... | |
| Shudravedana | Śūdrāvedana (शूद्रावेदन).—marrying a Śūdra woman. Derivable forms: śūdrāvedanam (शूद्रावेदनम्).... | |
| Shudrasuta | Śūdrāsuta (शूद्रासुत).—the son of a Śūdra woman (the father being of any caste); Ms.9. 151,153.... | |
| Shudrasamsparsha | Śūdrasaṃsparśa (शूद्रसंस्पर्श).—the touch of a Śūdra; अस्वर्ग्या ह्याहुतिः सा स्याच्छूद्रसंस्पर... |
Relevant text
Search found 87 books and stories containing Shudra, Sudra, Śūdra or Śūdrā. You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Gautama Dharmasūtra (by Gautama)
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 3.17 < [Section III - Marriageable Girls]
Verse 8.268 < [Section XLI - Verbal Assault (Abuse and Defamation)]
Verse 3.14 < [Section III - Marriageable Girls]
Shri Gaudiya Kanthahara (by Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati)
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 3: Metals, Gems and other substances (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Part 19 - Caste or classification of the eight poisons < [Chapter XXX - Visha (poisons)]
Brahma Sutras (Shankara Bhashya) (by Swami Vireshwarananda)
Chapter I, Section III, Adhikarana IX < [Section III]
The Garuda Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)
Chapter CCXXXI - Expiatory Penances < [Dhanvantari Samhita]
Chapter XCVI - Origin of mixed castes < [Agastya Samhita]
Chapter CXLI - descriptions of kings who came after Janamejaya < [Brihaspati (Nitisara) Samhita]