Shudra, Sudra, Śūdra, Śūdrā: 34 definitions
Introduction:
Shudra means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Śūdra and Śūdrā can be transliterated into English as Sudra or Shudra, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Śūdra (शूद्र).—The Śūdras should always be represented by a deep blue (śyāma) color when painting the limbs (aṅgaracanā), according to Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 23. The painting is a component of nepathya (costumes and make-up) and is to be done in accordance with the science of āhāryābhinaya (extraneous representation).
One of the Hands denoting the Four Castes.—Śūdra: left hand–Śikhara, right hand–Sūci.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Śūdra (शूद्र).—A member of the fourth social order, laborer class, in the traditional Vedic social system. He is meant to render service to the three higher classes, namely the brāhmaṇas, the kṣatriyas, and the vaiśyas.
Śūdra (शूद्र).—Those who are not sufficiently intelligent to be brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas or vaiśyas are required to serve a master and are called śūdras. The divisions of brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya and śūdra are natural divisions within society. Indeed, everyone has a prescribed duty according to the varṇāśrama-dharma. Those who properly execute their prescribed duties live peacefully and are not disturbed by material conditions.
Śrī Rāmānanda Rāya belonged to the karaṇa class, which is the equivalent of the kāyastha class in Bengal. This class is regarded all over India as śūdra.
Śūdra (शूद्र) refers to “labourer or artisan”. (cf. Glossary page from Śrīmad-Bhagavad-Gītā).
Śūdra (शूद्र) refers to:—The lowest of the four castes (varṇas) in the varṇāśrama system; artisans and labourers. (cf. Glossary page from Bhajana-Rahasya).
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Śūdra (शूद्र).—See under Cāturvarṇyam.
Śūdra (शूद्र) is the name of a caste (varṇa) mentioned in the Nīlamatapurāṇa.—The Śūdras were to serve the twice-born varṇas. As regards their position in the society, those who served in the houses of the higher varṇas, received sympathetic treatment from their masters.
1a) Śūdra (शूद्र).—The members of the fourth Varṇa;1 their duty was service;2 not fit for the study of the Vedas;3 invited for the Rājasūya of Yudhiṣṭira;4 kings of Kali age, especially after Puramjaya;5 receive gifts, become ascetics and expound dharma from high places in Kali;6 duty was dharma paricāra yajña; take to Brāhmaṇa dharma in Kali yuga; not fit for panktibhojanam. For the sake of 1,000 Śūdras, one Brāhmaṇa may be killed; creation of: Pṛṣadhra born a Śūdra by cow-slaughter;7 meditate on Devī's 108 names; perform śrāddha with no mantras;8 observe a month's pollution for father's death; Yayāti's benevolence to; Śūdra kings rooted out by Kalki;9 may observe Rohiṇicandra śayanam and Angāraka vratam.10
- 1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa I. 13. 15; II. 1. 37; 7. 38 and 46; VII. 11. 24.
- 2) Ib. VIII. 5. 41; XI. 17. 19.
- 3) Ib. X. 24. 20; 38. 4.
- 4) Ib. X. 74. 11.
- 5) Ib. XI. 4. 22; 5. 4; 12. 4; 27. 4; XII. 1. 8 and 38; 2. 35.
- 6) Ib. XII. 3. 38.
- 7) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 29. 55; 31. 394 and 367; III. 10. 96; 11. 87; 15. 44; 68. 67; IV. 6. 43.
- 8) Matsya-purāṇa 4. 28; 12. 25; 13. 63; 17. 64, 70-71.
- 9) Ib. 18. 3; 34. 5; 47. 250. 50. 75; 144. 39-54.
- 10) Ib. 57. 6; 72. 20-1; 114. 12; 217. 2.
1b) Created out of the feet of the Lord;1 Gāndharvam sthānam;2 duties of;3 as kings from the time of Mahāpadma;4 take to asceticism and become followers of heretical sects; no regard for age, learning and family;5 fortunate, because they do not have to undergo the ordeals of performing rituals and ceremonials incumbent on the twice born castes; not fettered by restrictions of any sort.6
- 1) Viṣṇu-purāṇa I. 6. 6.
- 2) Ib. I. 6. 35.
- 3) Ib. III. 8. 33-4.
- 4) Ib. IV. 24. 21 and 68.
- 5) Vāyu-purāṇa 58. 40-41; Viṣṇu-purāṇa VI. 1. 37.
- 6) Ib. VI. 2. 23. 4.
1c) A tribe.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 114. 40.
2a) Śūdrā (शूद्रा).—(Prabhākara); a daughter of Bhadrāśva and Gḥṛtācī; one of the ten wives of Atri.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 8. 75; Vāyu-purāṇa 70. 68.
2b) One of the ten daughters of Raudrāśva.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 99. 125.
Śūdra (शूद्र) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. II.47.7, II.48.32, VI.10.46, VI.10.65, VIII.30.53) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Śūdra) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Śūdra (शूद्र) refers to one of the “four castes” (varṇa) of ancient India, according to the 10th century Saurapurāṇa: one of the various Upapurāṇas depicting Śaivism.—In ancient India the society was divided into four principal castes, namely Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya and Śūdra; and the dharmaśāstras employ the term varṇa to designate these castes.—Śūdra was, in fact, a generic term applicable to all those castes , the members of which were not entitled to perform the upanayana and the study of Vedas.
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Śūdra (शूद्र) refers to a country belonging to “Nairṛtī (south-western division)” classified under the constellations of Svāti, Viśākhā and Anurādhā, according to the system of Kūrmavibhāga, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 14), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The countries of the Earth beginning from the centre of Bhāratavarṣa and going round the east, south-east, south, etc., are divided into 9 divisions corresponding to the 27 lunar asterisms at the rate of 3 for each division and beginning from Kṛttikā. The constellations of Svāti, Viśākhā and Anurādhā represent the south-western division consisting of [i.e., Śūdra] [...]”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Śūdra (शूद्र) is the name of a Caste considered of equal nature as any other caste, according to the Svacchanda-tantra.—Accordingly, [verse 4.539c-545]—“O fair-faced one, all those who have been initiated by this ritual are of equal nature, whether they be Brahmins, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas, Śūdras, or others [of lower castes]. [For] they have been brought into a state of fusion with the nature of Śiva. All are said to be [Śivas,] wearers of [his] braids, their bodies dusted [like his] with ash. All Samayins should sit in a single row. Putrakas, Sādhakas, and Cumbakas [Ācāryas] should do the same. They may not sit according to the divisions of their former castes [e.g., Śūdras]. [For] they are said to form but a single caste of Bhairava, auspicious and eternal. [...]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Śūdra (शूद्र) refers to one of the four castes (Varṇa), as discussed in chapter 5 of the Brahmarātra section of the Sanatkumārasaṃhitā: an encyclopedic Sanskrit text written in over 3500 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as yoga, temple-building, consecration ceremonies, initiation and dhanurveda (martial arts).—Description of the chapter [varṇa-ācāra-vidhi]: There are mentioned four Varṇas (castes)—Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas and Śūdras. Sanatkumāra declares that these came originally from different parts of the Lord Viṣṇu’s body. He says that only five groups—these four, plus those who are members of the pratiloma-group called Sūtas—are eligible for dīkṣā-initiation. [...]
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Śūdra (शूद्र) refers to the “Śudra-like character” (of certain elephants), according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 8, “on marks of character”]: “12. Delighted with leavings (of food), right easily frightened, having a sour, acrid odor or that of a goat, of bones, or of a crab, wrathful, treacherous (changeable, ‘easy to be parted’), cowardly, ungrateful, this base elephant is a Śudra (serf) in character”.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Shudra is the fourth varna, whose mythological origins are described in the Purusha Sukta of the Rig veda, one of the sacred texts of Hinduism, and later explained in the Manusmṛti. This latter text defines society as comprising four groups, sometimes also called chaturvarna, of which the other three are Brahmins (priests), Kshatriya (those with governing functions) and Vaishya (agriculturalists, cattle rearers and traders). According to this ancient text, the Shudra perform functions of serving the other three varna.
Peasants and Workers are classified as Shudras according to the Varna system. They are the fourth class according to this classifications. They are said to have sprang forth from the feet of the primordial Purusha.
A śūdra (शूद्र) is a person with natural aptitude for service and physical work.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Śūdra (शूद्र) is the name of a Vīra (hero) who, together with the Ḍākinī named Śūdrī forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Guṇacakra, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, the guṇacakra refers to one of the four divisions of the sahaja-puṭa (‘innate layer’), situated within the padma (lotus) in the middle of the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs and Vīras [viz., Śūdra] are whitish red in color; they each have one face and four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Sudra in Sanskrit, Sudda in Pali. The lowest of the four Indian Castes at the time of Shakyamuni. They were peasants, slaves and serfs.India history and geography
Sudra refers to “A person of lowest caste”.—It is defined in the glossary attached to the study dealing with Gujarat Folk tales composed by Gujarati poet Jhaverchand Meghani (1896-1947)
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
śūdra (शूद्र).—m (S) The Shudra or fourth grand division of the Hindu body: also an individual of it. They are fabled to have sprung from the feet of Brahma, and they constitute the servile classes. 2 This word is prefixed to certain words signifying things of which there are varieties, in order to designate the black, dark, or dusky variety; as, prefixed to hirā it expresses Dusky or dim or colored diamond; to bhāṅga, sabajī, pimpaḷa &c. it expresses Bhang &c. of the darkest hue. See for this sense brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, & vaiśya.
śūdra (शूद्र).—m The 4th grand division of the Hindu body.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Śūdra (शूद्र).—[śuc-rak pṛṣo° casya daḥ dīrghaḥ Uṇādi-sūtra 2.19] A man of the fourth or the last of the four principal tribes of the Hindus; he is said to have been born from the feet of Puruṣa; पद्भ्यां शूद्रो अजायत (padbhyāṃ śūdro ajāyata) Ṛv.1.9.12; or of Brahman; Manusmṛti 1.87; and his principal business was to serve the three higher castes; एकमेव तु शूद्रस्य प्रभुः कर्म समादिशत् । एतेषामेव वर्णानां शुश्रुषामनसूयया (ekameva tu śūdrasya prabhuḥ karma samādiśat | eteṣāmeva varṇānāṃ śuśruṣāmanasūyayā) || Manusmṛti 1.9.
Derivable forms: śūdraḥ (शूद्रः).
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Śūdrā (शूद्रा).—A woman of the Śūdra tribe.
Śūdra (शूद्र).—m.
(-draḥ) A man of the fourth or servile tribe, said to have sprung from the feet of Brahma. f.
(-drā) A woman of the Sudra tribe. f. (-drī or drāṇī) The wife of Sudra. E. śuc to purify or cleanse, Unadi aff. rak, the vowel made long, and ca changed to da .
Śūdra (शूद्र).—I. m.A man of the fourth caste, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 1, 31; 116; [Hitopadeśa] iv. [distich] 21. Ii. f. rā, A woman of that caste. Iii. f. rī, or rāṇī, The wife of a Śūdra.
Śūdra (शूद्र).—[masculine] ā or ī [feminine] a man and woman of the fourth caste.
1) Śūdra (शूद्र):—m. (of doubtful derivation) a Śūdra, a man of the fourth or lowest of the four original classes or castes (whose only business [according to] to [Manu-smṛti i, 91], was to serve the three higher classes; in [Ṛg-veda ix, 20, 12], the Śūdra is said to have been born from the feet of Puruṣa q.v.; in [Manu-smṛti i, 87] he is fabled to have sprung from the same part of the body of Brahmā, and he is regarded as of higher rank than the present low and mixed castes so numerous throughout India; kevala-ś, a pure Ś°), [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc. ([Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 212 etc.])
2) a man of mixed origin, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) Name of a Brāhman, [Buddhist literature]
4) [plural] Name of a people, [Mahābhārata; Purāṇa]
5) f(ā and ī). See below.
6) Śūdrā (शूद्रा):—[from śūdra] f. a woman of the fourth class or caste, [Atharva-veda] etc. etc.
7) [v.s. ...] Name of a daughter of Raudrāśva, [Harivaṃśa]
Śūdra (शूद्र):—(draḥ) 1. m. A shudra or man of the 4th tribe. f. drā or drāṇī, woman of Idem.
Śūdra (शूद्र):—[Uṇādisūtra 2, 19.]
1) m. a) ein Mann der vierten, dienenden Kaste [Amarakoṣa 2, 10, 1.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 2, 10, 1.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 894.] [Halāyudha 2, 237. fg. 431.] [Weber’s Indische Studien 10, 4. fgg.] [MUIR, Stenzler] pa.bhyāṃ śū.ro ajāyata [Ṛgveda 10, 90, 12.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 1, 31.] [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 20, 31.] [Viṣṇupurāṇa 44.] yaśca śū.ra u.āryaḥ [Atharvavedasaṃhitā 4, 20, 4. 19, 32, 8. 62, 1.] śū.rā.yau [Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 14, 30.] śūdrāryam gaṇa rājadantādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 2, 2, 31.] brāhmaṇa, rājan, viśya, śūdra [Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 18, 48. 26, 2. 20, 17. 30, 5.] [Aitareyabrāhmaṇa 7, 17.] śūdrakalpaḥ . anyasya preṣyaḥ kāmotthāpyo yathākāmavadhyaḥ [29.] [Taittirīyasaṃhitā 2, 5, 10, 1. 3, 2, 6, 2. 5, 7, 6, 4. 7, 1, 1, 6.] a.u.yaḥ (varṇaḥ) śū.raḥ [Taittirīyabrāhmaṇa 1, 2, 6, 7. 3, 2, 3, 9. 3, 11, 2.] [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 1, 1, 4, 12. 3, 1, 1, 10. 5, 5, 4, 9.] [Kāṭhaka-Recension 34, 5.] [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 1, 1, 5. 6, 7, 4. 22, 1, 10.] [LĀTY. 3, 3, 16.] der Esel wird angeredet śūdro si śūdrajanmā [Pāraskara’s Gṛhyasūtrāṇi 3, 15.] — (kārayet) dāsyaṃ śūdraṃ dvijanmanām [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 8, 410. 413. fg.] (viprāṇām) śuśrūṣaiva tu śūdrasya dharmo naiḥśreyasaḥ paraḥ [9, 334. 1, 91.] [Mahābhārata 13, 310.] [Spr. (II) 2457.] tapaḥ śūdrasya sevanam [4506.] śūdrāṇāmeva janmataḥ (jyaiṣṭhyam) [(I) 5014. (II) 2456. 4388. 4390.] sa śūdravadbahiṣkāryaḥ sarvasmāddvijakarmaṇaḥ [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 2, 103.] śūdramārogyameva (pṛcchet) [127.] (nāmadheyaṃ syāt) śūdrasya tu jugupsitam 31. praiṣyasaṃyutam [32.] nahi tasyāsti kiṃcitsvaṃ bhartṛhāryadhano hi saḥ (śūdraḥ) [8, 417.] śaktenāpi hi śūdreṇa na kāryo dhanasaṃcayaḥ . śūdro hi dhanamāsādya brāhmaṇāneva bādhate .. [10, 129.] śūdrāṇāṃ tu (pitaraḥ) sukālinaḥ [3, 197.] śūdrāṇāṃ gaṇanāyakaḥ (daivatam) [WILSON, Sel. Works 1, 2.] śūdramapi kulaguṇasaṃpannaṃ mantravarjamanupanītamadhyāpayedityeke [Suśruta 1, 7, 4.] [Bhagavadgītā 9, 32.] [Mahābhārata 1, 6158.] [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 1, 96. 6, 16.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 5, 29. 32. 56. 9, 13. 12, 18.] jana [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 4, 99.] rāṣṭraṃ bhūyiṣṭham [8, 22.] yoni [Mahābhārata 1, 4215.] kanyā [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 10, 8. 9.] [WILSON, Sel. Works 1, 258.] śiṣya [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 3, 156.] rājya [4, 61.] vṛtti [10, 98.] śūdrānna [4,218.] [WEBER, KṚṢṆAJ. 224.] [Oxforder Handschriften 281,b,27.] śāsana [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 2, 2, 1.] [Hārāvalī 175.] saṃsparśa [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 5, 104.] sevana [11, 69.] yājaka [3,178.] [Oxforder Handschriften 282,b,7.] ghna [PAÑCAR. 1, 10, 77.] han [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 11, 130.] hatyā [131. 140.] viṭśūdrau [3, 23.] vaiśyaśūdrau [24. 110. 112.] kṣatraśūdravapus [10, 9.] kṣatraviṭśūdrayonayaḥ [8, 62. 9, 229.] strīśūdradambhana [4, 198. 11, 152.] [WEBER, KṚṢṆAJ. 288.] strīśūdraviṭkṣatravadha [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 11, 66.] viṭkṣatraviprāṇām [8, 104.] — b) pl. Nomen proprium eines Volkes: śūdrābhīragaṇāḥ [Mahābhārata 2, 1192. 1869. 6, 375] [?(Viṣṇupurāṇa 195). 9, 2119. Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 14, 18. 16, 31. Viṣṇupurāṇa 481. Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 57, 36. Lassen’s Indische Alterthumskunde 1, 799. 2, 548.] — c) Nomen proprium eines Brahmanen [TĀRAN. 5. 59.] —
2) f. ā a) ein Weib der vierten Kaste [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 1, 4, Vārttika von Kātyāyana. 1.] [Amarakoṣa 2, 6, 1, 13. 3, 4, 27, 212.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 524.] [Atharvavedasaṃhitā 5, 22, 7.] [Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 23, 30.] na śūdrāmupeyāt [GOBH. 3, 2, 42.] [Pāraskara’s Gṛhyasūtrāṇi 1, 4.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 3, 13. fg. 17. 44, 8, 383. 385. 9, 178. 10, 18. 64.] [Mahābhārata 1, 4216. 2, 1829. 12, 6372.] [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 63, 48.] putra [Pañcaviṃśabrāhmaṇa 14, 6, 6.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 9, 154. fg.] suta [151. 153.] vedin [3, 16.] viśoḥ [Amarakoṣa 2, 10, 2.] — b) Nomen proprium einer Tochter Raudrāśva’s [Harivaṃśa 1661.] —
3) f. ī ein Weib der vierten Kaste [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 1, 91.] vaiśyaśūdryoḥ ebend. [Scholiast] zu [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 18, 6, 27.] die Frau eines Śūdra [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 1, 4, Vārttika von Kātyāyana. 2.] [Amarakoṣa 2, 6, 1, 13.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 523.] — Vgl. mahā, viṭśūdra, śaudra, śaudrāyaṇa .
Śūdra (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 戍達 [shù dá]: “śūdra”.
2) 戌陀羅 [xū tuó luó]: “laborer caste”.
Note: śūdra can be alternatively written as: śūdraḥ.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Śudra (शुद्र):—(nm) a member of the fourth of the four original classes or castes in the traditional hierarchical set-up of the Hindu society; hence ~[drā, ~drāṇī] (nf).
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Kannada-English dictionary
Śūdra (ಶೂದ್ರ):—
1) [noun] the fourth caste of the four castes in the India.
2) [noun] a man belonging to this caste.
3) [noun] a particular kind of gem.
4) [noun] a kind of serpent.
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Sūdra (ಸೂದ್ರ):—
1) [noun] a man belonging to śudra caste.
2) [noun] the caste itself.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Śudra (शुद्र):—n. 1. Mythol. a man of the fourth or last of the four principal tribes of the Hindus (he is said to have been born from the feet of Purusha); 2. the fourth varna; a member of the artisan or laborer caste;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Shudra, The, The, Te.
Starts with (+28): Shudrabharya, Shudrabhikshita, Shudrabhojin, Shudrabhuyishtha, Shudracara, Shudradharma, Shudradi, Shudradi, Shudragamana, Shudraghna, Shudrahan, Shudrahatya, Shudrahnika, Shudrajana, Shudrajanman, Shudrajati, Shudrakalpa, Shudrakamalakara, Shudrakanya, Shudrakrita.
Full-text (+1361): Mahashudra, Shudrata, Shudravedin, Shudrabhuyishtha, Shudrayajaka, Shudravedana, Shudrabharya, Shudravritti, Shudrarajya, Shudradharma, Shudrashasana, Shudraparinayana, Shudrahnika, Vitshudra, Makuti, Shudrapreshya, Shudrakritya, Shudri, Shaudra, Shudrasevana.
Relevant text
Search found 306 books and stories containing Shudra, Shudras, Śūdra, Śūdrā, Śudra, Sūdra, Sudras, Sudrita, Sūdrita, The shudra, The shudras, The sudra; (plurals include: Shudras, Shudrases, Śūdras, Śūdrās, Śudras, Sūdras, Sudrases, Sudritas, Sūdritas, The shudras, The shudrases, The sudras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Historical Elements in the Matsya Purana (by Chaitali Kadia)
Varṇa (4): The Śudras < [Chapter 5 - Cultural history in the Matsya-Purāṇa]
Varṇa (classification) (Introduction) < [Chapter 5 - Cultural history in the Matsya-Purāṇa]
The concept of Bhāratavarṣa < [Chapter 4 - Geographical history in the Matsya-Purāṇa]
The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda (by Srila Narayana Maharaja)
Viii sir < [Epistles - Second Series]
Modern India < [Translations: Prose]
The Future of India < [Lectures from Colombo to Almora]
Ramayana of Valmiki (Shastri) (by Hari Prasad Shastri)
Chapter 74 - Narada’s Discourse < [Book 7 - Uttara-kanda]
Chapter 76 - Shambuka is slain by Rama < [Book 7 - Uttara-kanda]
Chapter 14 - Jatayu reveals his Lineage to Rama < [Book 3 - Aranya-kanda]
Jnaneshwari (Bhavartha Dipika) (by Ramchandra Keshav Bhagwat)
Verse 18.44 < [Chapter 18 - Moksha-sannyasa-yoga]
Verse 18.41 < [Chapter 18 - Moksha-sannyasa-yoga]
Verse 9.32 < [Chapter 9 - Raja-vidya and Raja-guhya Yoga]
Shri Gaudiya Kanthahara (by Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati)
Kali < [Fourth Section]
The Four Classes and the Four Stages < [Third Section]
Maitreya And Parashara < [First Section]
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