Sukara, Śūkara, Sūkara, Su-kara, Shukara: 27 definitions
Introduction:
Sukara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Śūkara can be transliterated into English as Sukara or Shukara, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Shukar.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia1) Śūkara (शूकर).—A country celebrated in the Purāṇas. Kṛti, King of Śūkara had presented thousands of Elephants at Yudhiṣthira’s Rājasūya yāga. (Mahābhārata Sabhā Parva, Chapter 52, Verse 25).
2) Sūkara (सूकर).—A hell. (See under Kāla, the section 'Hell').
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1) Śūkara (शूकर).—A hell, intended for the five heinous offences.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 2. 146, 154.
2) Sukara (सुकर).—A Rākṣasa.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 69. 166.
3) Sūkara (सूकर).—A kind of hell; here fall the slayers of Brahmans, consumers of spirituous liquors, stealers of gold, etc.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 101. 146, 152; Viṣṇu-purāṇa II. 6. 2 and 9.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: archive.org: Natya ShastraSūkara (सूकर).—Description of a women of swine (sūkara) type;—A woman who has a large back, belly and mouth, hairy and strong body, a very narrow forehead, is fond of ordinary and bulbous roots and fruits, is black, has a face rendered ugly due to big teeth, large thigh and thick hairs, mean habits and many offsprings, is said to have the nature of a swine (sūkara).
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Prācyā: Animals and animal products as reflected in Smṛti textsSūkara (सूकर) or Varāha refers to the animal “Boar” or “Hog” (Sus scrofa).—The Smṛtis mention several domestic as well as wild animals that are enumerated in context of specifying expiation for killing them, the flesh being used as a dietary article to give satisfaction to the Manes (Pitṛs) in Śrāddha rites, the law of transmigration due to various sins committed as well as in the context of specifying gifts to be given on various occasions. These animals [viz., Sūkara] are chiefly mentioned in the Manusmṛti, Parāśarasmṛti [Chap.6], Gautamasmṛti [17.2 and 15.1], Śātātapasmṛti [II.45-54], Uśānasmṛti [IX.7-9; IX.12-13], Yājñavalkyasmṛti [I.170-171; I.175; I.258- 260], Viṣṇusmṛti [51.3;51.6;51.26;51.33;80.3-14], Uttarāṅgirasasmṛti [X.15-17], Prajāpatismṛti [Śrāddhatyājyavastuvarṇanam. 138-143], 9 Kāśyapasmṛti [Section on Prāyaścittavarṇanam], Vṛddha Hārītasmṛti [6.253-255] and Kātyāyanasmṛti [27.11].
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramSūkara (सूकर) refers to a “pig”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “Nādamaṅgalyā (Vinayā) is in the north-east. She has the face of a bird and three eyes. She sits on a pig [i.e., sūkara-āsana-saṃsthitā]. She has ten arms and is very fierce. In the right hands she holds a sword, lance, bow, double-headed drum, and skeleton; in the left, a dagger, a skull (kādya), trident, fetter, and goad. She has matted hair and is the goddess who bestows boons in the north-east. Worshipped, there is success in whatever one desires. Full of the sixteen energies, she, the guardian of the door, is beautiful”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraŚūkara (शूकर) refers to “hogs”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 9), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If the course of Saturn should just precede that of Venus, the Mlecchas, cats, elephants, asses, buffaloes, black grains, hogs [i.e., śūkara], Pulindas (barbarians), the Śūdras and travellers in the south will suffer by diseases of the eye and by windy disorders. If the course of Mars should just precede that of Venus, mankind will suffer from fire, from weapons, from hunger, from drought and from thieves; all the creatures and objects of the north will suffer and the sky will be filled with fire, lightning and dust”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric TraditionsSukara (सुकर) refers to “(that which is attained) easily”, according to the Guhyasūtra, the largest book of the Niśvāsa-corpus (a collection of early Śaiva Tantras comprising the Niśvāsamukha, Mūlasūtra, Uttarasūtra, Nayasūtra, and Guhyasūtra).—Accordingly, “[...] (110) Knowing this, one should not give [lightly] the supreme nectar of Lord Śiva. (111) According to this scripture of the Lord, one may attain Śiva by each of the following [practised individually]: initiation, knowledge, yoga and caryā in due order. (112) By initiation one attains liberation easily (sukara), since it is the guru who invariably accomplishes it. [...] (114) This tetrad has been taught to destroy the dangers of saṃsāra. It should not [lightly] be given to others if one desires supernatural power for oneself”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (architecture)Śūkara (शूकर) refers to a “boar”, according to the Devyāmata (in the section śalyoddhāra-paṭala or “excavation of extraneous substances”).—Accordingly, “[...] If a jackal steps over [a cord], [the officiant] should prognosticate the bone of a boar (śūkarāsthi) [beneath the site]. If a hog (śūkara) steps over [a cord], there is [the bone of] a tiger [beneath the site]. [...]”.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraSūkara (सूकर, “pig”) represents an incarnation destination of the tiryaggati (animal realm) according to the “world of transmigration” section in the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XXVII).—The Bodhisattva sees the animals (tiryak) undergoing all the torments: they are made to gallop by blows of the whip or stick; they are made to make long journeys carrying burdens; their harness is damaged; they are branded with hot iron. As a result of stupid conceit (mithyāmāna), they re reborn as [for example], an pig (sūkara).
Source: archive.org: Bulletin of the French School of the Far East (volume 5)Śukara (शुकर) [?] (in Chinese: Chou-kia-lo) is the name of an ancient kingdom associated with Svāti or Svātinakṣatra, as mentioned in chapter 18 of the Candragarbha: the 55th section of the Mahāsaṃnipāta-sūtra, a large compilation of Sūtras (texts) in Mahāyāna Buddhism partly available in Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese.—Chapter 18 deals with geographical astrology and, in conversation with Brahmarāja and others, Buddha explains how he entrusts the Nakṣatras [e.g., Svāti] with a group of kingdoms [e.g., Śukara] for the sake of protection and prosperity.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan BuddhismSukara (सुकर) is the name of a Pratyekabuddha mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Sukara).
Source: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka MaṇḍalaŚūkara (शूकर) is the name of a Vīra (hero) who, together with the Ḍākinī named Śūkarī forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Medinīcakra, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, the medinīcakra refers to one of the three divisions of the dharma-puṭa (‘dharma layer’), situated in the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs and Vīras [viz., Śūkara] are yellow in color; the shapes of their faces are in accordance with their names; they have four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)Sukara in Senegal is the name of a plant defined with Saccharum officinarum in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Saccharum hybridum hort. ex R.M. Grey (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Plantae Javanicae Rariores (1848)
· Systema Vegetabilium (1817)
· Caryologia (1984)
· Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte (1836)
· Grasses of Burma (1960)
· Flore des Antilles (1808)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Sukara, for example chemical composition, diet and recipes, side effects, pregnancy safety, extract dosage, health benefits, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarysukara : (adj.) easy; easily done. || sūkara (m.), a pig; a hog.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionarySūkara, (Sk. sūkara, perhaps as sū+kara; cp. Av. hū pig, Gr. u(_s; Lat. sūs; Ags. sū=E. sow) a hog, pig Vin. I, 200; D. I, 5; A. II, 42 (kukkuṭa+), 209; It. 36; J. I, 197 (Muṇika); II, 419 (Sālūka); III, 287 (Cullatuṇḍila & Mahā-tuṇḍila); Miln. 118, 267; VbhA. 11 (vara-sayane sayāpita).—f. sūkarī J. II, 406 (read vañjha°).
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryśūkara (शूकर).—m S A hog. śūkarī f S A sow.
--- OR ---
sukara (सुकर).—a (S) Easy to be done, accomplished, or attained; facile, feasible, practicable, achievable.
--- OR ---
sūkara (सूकर).—m S A hog. 2 The hog-deer.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishśūkara (शूकर).—m A hog. śūkarī f A sow.
--- OR ---
sukara (सुकर).—a Easy to be done; facile.
--- OR ---
sūkara (सूकर).—m A hog; the hog-deer.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryŚūkara (शूकर).—A hog; गच्छ शूकर भद्रं ते वद सिंहो मया हतः । पण्डिता एव जानन्ति सिंहशूकरयोर्बलम् (gaccha śūkara bhadraṃ te vada siṃho mayā hataḥ | paṇḍitā eva jānanti siṃhaśūkarayorbalam) || Subhāṣ.
Derivable forms: śūkaraḥ (शूकरः).
--- OR ---
Sūkara (सूकर).—[sū-karan kit Uṇādi-sūtra 4.5]
1) A hog, pig; see शूकर (śūkara).
2) A sort of deer.
3) A potter.
-rī 1 A sow; पतिलोकं न सा याति ब्राह्मणी या सुरां पिबेत् । इहैव सा शुनी गृध्री सूकरी चोप- जायते (patilokaṃ na sā yāti brāhmaṇī yā surāṃ pibet | ihaiva sā śunī gṛdhrī sūkarī copa- jāyate) || Y.3.256.
2) A sort of moss.
Derivable forms: sūkaraḥ (सूकरः).
--- OR ---
Sukara (सुकर).—a.
-rā or -rī f.)
Sukara is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms su and kara (कर).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚūkara (शूकर).—m.
(-raḥ) A hog. f. (-rī) 1. A kind of moss, (Lycopodium inbricatum.) 2. A sow. E. śūka an awn, (a bristle,) ra aff.; or śū imitative sound, kṛ to make, with ac and ṭhāp aff.
--- OR ---
Sukara (सुकर).—mfn.
(-raḥ-rā or -rī-raṃ) 1. Easy, practicable, attainable. 2. Doing well or becomingly. n.
(-raṃ) Doing good to, charity, benevolence. f.
(-rā) A tractable cow. E. su pleasure, kṛ to make or confer, khal aff.
--- OR ---
Sukara (सुकर).—m.
(-raḥ) 1. A hog. 2. A potter. 3. A sort of deer, (the hog-deer.) f. (-rī) 1. A sort of moss, (Lycopodium imbricatum.) 2. A sow. E. sa substituted for śa; see śūkara .
--- OR ---
Sūkāra (सूकार).—n.
(-raṃ) Snorting, roaring, any sound expressive of impatience or aversion. E. sūt imitative sound, and kāra making.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚūkara (शूकर).—m. A hog, [Hitopadeśa] 57, 12, M. M. f. rī, A sow. Cf. sūkara.
--- OR ---
Sūkara (सूकर).—[sū-kara], I. m. 1. A hog (see śūkara). 2. The hog-deer. 3. A petter. Ii. f. rī, A sort of moss, Lycopodium imbricatum.
— With the first part cf. [Latin] sus; O. H. G. sū; A. S; sugu; [Gothic.] svein; A. S. swin.
--- OR ---
Sukara (सुकर).—I. adj., f. rī. 1. casy, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 7, 55. 2. doing well Ii. f. rā, a tractable cow. Iii. n. charity, benevolence.
Sukara is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms su and kara (कर).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚūkara (शूकर).—[masculine] = sūkara.
--- OR ---
Śūkāra (शूकार).—[masculine] scaring (by making Śū).
--- OR ---
Sukara (सुकर).—[adjective] practicable, easy to be done.
--- OR ---
Sūkara (सूकर).—[masculine] hog, pig (Sū-maker); [feminine] rī sow.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Śūkara (शूकर):—[=śū-kara] [from śū] a m. ‘making the sound śū’, a boar, hog (more correctly sū-kara q.v.)
2) Śūkāra (शूकार):—[=śū-kāra] [from śū] m. the act of startling with the sound śū, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā]
3) Śūkara (शूकर):—[=śū-kara] b See 3. śū, [column]2.
4) Sukara (सुकर):—[=su-kara] [from su] mf(ā)n. easy to be done, easy for ([genitive case]) or to ([infinitive mood]), [Ṛg-veda; Manu-smṛti] etc.
5) [v.s. ...] easy to be managed, tractable (as a horse or cow), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) [v.s. ...] easily achieving, [Vopadeva]
7) [v.s. ...] m. a good-natured horse, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) Sukarā (सुकरा):—[=su-karā] [from su-kara > su] f. a tractable cow, [Horace H. Wilson]
9) Sukara (सुकर):—[=su-kara] [from su] n. doing good, charity, benevolence, [ib.]
10) Sūkara (सूकर):—[=sū-kara] m. ([probably] [from] sū + kara, making the sound sū; cf. śū-kara etc.; [according to] to others [from] 3. sū and connected with [Latin] sū-culus, sū-cula) a boar, hog, pig, swine (ifc. f(ā). ; daṃṣṭrā sūkarasya, [probably] ‘a [particular] plant’ [Suśruta]), [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.
11) [v.s. ...] a kind of deer (the hog-deer), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
12) [v.s. ...] a [particular] fish, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
13) [v.s. ...] white rice, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
14) [v.s. ...] a potter, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
15) [v.s. ...] Name of a [particular] hell, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Śūkara (शूकर):—(raḥ) 1. m. A hog. f. (ī) A sow; a moss.
2) Sukara (सुकर):—[(raḥ-rī-raṃ) a.] Easy, practicable, attainable; acting well. 1. f. (rā) Tractable cow. n. Benevolence.
3) Sūkara (सूकर):—(raḥ) 1. m. A hog; a potter; the hogdeer. f. (ī) Sort of moss.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Sukara (सुकर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Suara, Sugara, Sūara.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary1) Śūkara (शूकर) [Also spelled shukar]:—(nm) a boar, hog, pig.
2) Sukara (सुकर) [Also spelled sukar]:—(a) easy; ~[tā] easiness.
3) Sūkara (सूकर) [Also spelled sukar]:—(nm) see [sūara]; hence ~[rī] (nf).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusŚūkara (ಶೂಕರ):—[noun] a pig, hog or boar.
--- OR ---
Sukara (ಸುಕರ):—
1) [adjective] not hard or difficult; requiring no great laboGr or effort; easy.
2) [adjective] giving pleasure; pleasant; agreeable; gratifying; pleasing.
--- OR ---
Sukara (ಸುಕರ):—
1) [noun] the quality or condition of being easy; easiness.
2) [noun] that which apt, correct or appropriate.
3) [noun] that which is charming, lovely; a beautiful thing.
4) [noun] an auspicious thing or aspect.
5) [noun] an inclination to do good; kindliness; benevolence.
--- OR ---
Sūkara (ಸೂಕರ):—
1) [noun] any of a family (Suidae) of omnivorous, artiodactylous mammals with a bristly coat and elongated, flexible snout; a pig or hog either domisticated or not; a swine.
2) [noun] (myth.) name of a hell.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+28): Shukarahasya, Shukarahasyopanishad, Shukarakranta, Shukarambhasamvada, Shukarasthi, Shukareshta, Sukara-kavi, Sukarabhatu, Sukaradamshtra, Sukaradamshtraka, Sukaragama, Sukaragamdha, Sukaraggama, Sukaraggamavapi, Sukaragriha, Sukaraka, Sukarakanda, Sukarakhata Sutta, Sukarakhatalena, Sukarakshetra.
Ends with (+2): Ambusukara, Aranyashukara, Asukara, Gamasukara, Gharasukara, Gramasukara, Gramyashukara, Ishukara, Jalashukara, Kaidolasukara, Kashukara, Kukkutasukara, Mrigasukara, Mrigavyadhasarpasukara, Nasukara, Osukara, Senasukara, Sogasukara, Usukara, Vasukara.
Full-text (+84): Saukarya, Suara, Saukariya, Jalashukara, Sukaramukha, Saukara, Asukara, Sukarasamdhi, Shukareshta, Sukarasya, Sukarata, Sukaraka, Sukaratva, Sukarika, Saukarika, Sukarakshita, Gramyashukara, Sukarapadi, Joda, Sukaragriha.
Relevant text
Search found 45 books and stories containing Sukara, Śūkara, Su-karā, Sūkara, Sūkāra, Śūkāra, Śū-kāra, Śū-kara, Shu-kara, Sukarā, Su-kara, Shukara, Sū-kara, Śukara; (plurals include: Sukaras, Śūkaras, karās, Sūkaras, Sūkāras, Śūkāras, kāras, karas, Sukarās, Shukaras, Śukaras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 5.24.86 < [Chapter 24 - The Killing of the Kola Demon]
Verses 4.8.48-49 < [Chapter 8 - In the Story of the Yajña-sītās, the Glories of Ekādaśī]
Verse 5.24.50 < [Chapter 24 - The Killing of the Kola Demon]
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 2.3.21-024 < [Chapter 3 - The Lord Manifests His Varāha Form in the House of Murāri and Meets with Nityānanda]
Verse 2.10.223-225 < [Chapter 10 - Conclusion of the Lord’s Mahā-prakāśa Pastimes]
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyana Gosvāmī Mahārāja)
Verse 2.3.15-16 < [Chapter 3 - Bhajana (loving service)]
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
The Padma Purana (by N.A. Deshpande)
Chapter 119 - In Praise of a Fast for a Month < [Section 6 - Uttara-Khaṇḍa (Concluding Section)]
Chapter 117 - The Importance of Bathing in Kārtika < [Section 6 - Uttara-Khaṇḍa (Concluding Section)]