Samsara, aka: Samsāra, Saṃsāra, Sangsara, Sansara, Sansāra; 15 Definition(s)

Introduction

Samsara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Hinduism

Purāṇa

Saṃsāra (संसार).—One in the line of Gurus. (See under Guruparaṃpara).

(Source): archive.org: Puranic Encyclopaedia

1a) Saṃsāra (संसार).—Compared to an ocean; the evils of family life as explained by the king of mountains; the necessity of children, the difficulty and anxiety in procuring good husbands for daughters, etc;¹ the duhham of, explained.²

• 1) Matsya-purāṇa 55. 27; 154. 145-174; Vāyu-purāṇa 101. 195-204.
• 2) Viṣṇu-purāṇa VI. 5. 10-56.

1b) (tāmasa) of six kinds—man, animal (paśu), beast (mṛga), bird (pakṣi), snake (sarīsṛpu) and vegetation (sthāvara); sātvikam: Brahmā and others; rājasam—the intervening viṣṭambhaka among the 14 sthānas.^*

• * Vāyu-purāṇa 14. 35-41; 100. 203.

(Source): Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

context information

The Purāṇas (पुराण, purana) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahāpurāṇas total over 400,000 ślokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

General definition (in Hinduism)

Samsara (संसार): Means wandering, The tree worlds constitute Samsara. Refers to the concept of reincarnation or rebirth in Indian philosophical traditions.

(Source): WikiPedia: Hinduism

In Buddhism

Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)

Transmigration; the round of death and rebirth. See vatta.(Source): Access to Insight: A Glossary of Pali and Buddhist Terms

Samsāra (“round of rebirth”), lit. “perpetual wandering”, is a name by which is designated the sea of life ever restlessly heaving up and down, the symbol of this continuous process of ever again and again being born, growing old, suffering and dying. More precisely put, samsāra is the unbroken chain of the five-fold khandha-combinations, which, constantly changing from moment to moment follow continuously one upon the other through inconceivable periods of time.

Of this samsāra, a single lifetime constitutes only a tiny and fleeting fraction; hence to be able to comprehend the first noble truth of universal suffering, one must let one's gaze rest upon the samsāra, upon this frightful chain of rebirths, and not merely upon one single life-time, which, of course, may be sometimes less painful.

Cf. tilakkhana, anattā, paramattha, patisandhi.

(Source): Pali Kanon: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines

context information

Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Pali

saṃsāra : (m.) faring on; transmigration.

(Source): BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

General definition (in Buddhism)

Saṃsāra (संसार, “continuous movement”) or “continuous flowing”.—Saṃsāra means the concept of a cycle of birth (jāti). All beings in the universe apply to its rules, and can only be escaped through enlightenment. According to Buddha there is no starting/ending point of Saṃsāra, just like a circle.

(Source): Wisdom Library: BuddhismSanskrit word meaning turning of the wheel or revolving. It refers to the transmigration in the Six Directions of Reincarnation, the realm of birth and death.(Source): Buddhist Door: Glossary

(sang sah ra)the unenlightened, unsatisfactory experience of life; the world as conditioned by ignorance.

(Source): Amaravati: Glossary

1. Samsāra (samsāra), Skt., lit., “journeying”; the “cycle of existences,” a succession of re­births that a being goes through within the vari­ous modes of existence until it has at­tained liberation and entered nirvāna. Imprisonment in samsāra is conditioned by the three “unwholesome roots” : hatred (dvesha), desire or craving (trishnā), and delusion (avidyā). The type of rebirth within samsāra is determined by the karma of the being. In the Mahāyāna, samsāra refers to the phenomenal world and is considered to be es­sentially identical with nirvāna.

2. Samsara (Skt.) is cyclic existence, in which—owing to the corrupting influence of the mental delusions of hatred, desire, and ignorance—sentient creatures are compelled to wander from one life form to another without respite until they meet up with the spiritual path.

(Source): Shambala Publications: General

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Saṃsāra (संसार).—What is the meaning of saṃsāra (transmigration)? The entity in which transmigration takes place. It can also be called as change /transmigration. (see Tattvārthasūtra 2.10)

(Source): Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 2: the Category of the living

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geogprahy

Samsara (“family”) is one of the gotras (clans) among the Kurnis (a tribe of South India). Kurni is, according to the Census Report 1901, “a corruption of kuri (sheep) and vanni (wool), the caste having been originally weavers of wool”. The gotras (viz., Samsara) are described as being of the Brāhman, Kshatriya, and Vaisya sub-divisions of the caste, and of Shanmukha’s Sudra caste.

(Source): Project Gutenberg: Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 1

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

saṃsāra (संसार).—m (S) The world, mundane existence, human life, man's mortal state. 2 The affairs of life; worldly business; the vocations and engagements, the cares and troubles of secularity. saṃ0 vṛthā jāṇēṃ g. of s. To have one's worldly affairs or secular standing ruined or marred; to lose one's life Ex. tukayācī jyēṣṭha kāntā || mēlī anna anna karitāṃ || yēṇēṃ lajjā vāṭē cittā || saṃ0 vṛthā gēlā kīṃ ||. saṃ0 hākaṇēṃ To manage the worldly affairs. saṃsā- rācī mātrā karaṇēṃ To blast the affairs, hopes, and prospects of, to ruin.

(Source): DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

saṃsāra (संसार).—n The world; the affairs of life. saṃsāra hākaṇēṃ Manage the worldly affairs. saṃsārācī mātrā karaṇēṃ To ruin.

(Source): DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Relevant definitions

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Search found 135 books and stories containing Samsara, Samsāra, Saṃsāra, Sangsara, Sansara or Sansāra. You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Vedānta-sūtras Part I (by George Thibaut)

II, 2, 41 < [Second Adhyāya, Second Pāda]

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The Taittiriya Upanishad

Lesson X - The Illumination < [Book I - Shiksha Valli]

Chapter II - Brahma-vidyā in a Nutshell < [A - Brahmavidyā expounded]

Chapter IV - Final Attainment < [Book III - Bhriguvalli]

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Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)

Part 1 - The auxiliaries belong to the Greater Vehicle as well < [Chapter XXXI - The Thirty-seven Auxiliaries to Enlightenment]

Emptiness 10: Emptiness of dharmas without beginning (anagraśūnyatā) < [Chapter XLVIII - The Eighteen Emptinesses]

The Tiṃsamattā-sutta (or, Lohita-sūtra) < [Part 2 - Distinguishing the movements of mind of all beings]

+ 77 more chapters / show preview

Apadana commentary (Atthakatha) (by U Lu Pe Win)

Commentary on Biography of the thera Pañcasīlasamādāniya < [Chapter 3 - Subhūtivagga (section on Subhūti)]

Commentary on Biography of the thera Uttiya < [Chapter 3 - Subhūtivagga (section on Subhūti)]

Commentary on the Biography of the thera Sopāka < [Chapter 2 - Sīhāsaniyavagga (lion-throne section)]

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The gods of northern Buddhism (by Alice Getty)

Part II - The Teaching < [Introduction]

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Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4 (by Vihari-Lala Mitra)

Chapter XIV - Depreciation of human life < [Book I - Vairagya khanda (vairagya khanda)]

Chapter LIII - Explanation of nirvana—anaesthesia < [Book VII - Nirvana prakarana part 2 (nirvana prakarana)]

Chapter xxxi < [Book III - Utpatti khanda (utpatti khanda)]

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