Mleccha: 28 definitions
Introduction:
Mleccha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Mlechchha.
In Hinduism
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-śāstraMleccha (म्लेच्छ) refers to “persons whose language is not intelligible”. The word is used throughout Dharmaśāstra literature such as the Manusmṛti. (also see the Manubhāṣya verse 7.149)
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaMleccha (म्लेच्छ).—A tribe of people of ancient India. This tribe was born from the tail of the celestial cow Nandinī, kept by Vasiṣṭha for sacrificial purposes when there was a fight between Viśvāmitra and Vasiṣṭha. Mahābhārata gives the following information regarding them.
The mlecchas who sprang up from the tail of the celestial cow Nandinī sent the army of Viśvāmitra flying in terror. (Śloka 38, Chapter 174, Ādi Parva). (See full article at Story of Mleccha from the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Mleccha (म्लेच्छ).—Born out of the left side of Vena's body when the latter's body was churned;1 begin with Anu, son of Yayāti; ruled by Dakṣa; ruled by Turvasu; ruled by the hundred sons of Pracetas of Druhyu family in the east; the rule of the kings;2 not to be seen in Kuśadvīpa; Śakas (Parādas, Viṣṇu-purāṇa), Pallavas (Paplava, Viṣṇu-purāṇa) and Kāmbojas, all Mlecchas; (Ābhiras, Viṣṇu-purāṇa) Guruṇdas and Vṛṣalas, also belonged to this group;3 kingdoms of, found in the lotus coming out of the naval of the Lord;4 their kingdoms side by side with those of the Āryas;5 people who live in their countries are ineligible for Pārvana śrāddha;6 attain salvation at Benares;7 do not molest the women of their enemies;8 to be conquered by Kalki;9 put down by Pramati god.10
- 1) Matsya-purāṇa 10. 7;
- 2) Ib. 34. 30; 4. 54; 33. 14; 48. 9; 50. 76; Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 23. 16.
- 3) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 16. 12; 19. 60; 31. 79, 84 and 90; III. 20. 5; 48. 48-9; 68. 44; 73. 109; 74. 11-12, 203-6, 215; Matsya-purāṇa 273. 22; Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 3. 48; 17. 5; 24. 69; V. 38. 28.
- 4) Matsya-purāṇa 169. 11;
- 5) Ib. 273. 25.
- 6) Ib. 16. 16.
- 7) Ib. 181. 19.
- 8) Ib. 188. 51.
- 9) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 18. 43.
- 10) Matsya-purāṇa 114. 11-12; 121. 43; 144. 53.
1b) These were the elder Madhucchandasas, who were cursed by Viśvāmitra to become Mlecchas;1 defeated by Bharata; these were the Mlecchas of the north;2 worship progenitors;3 eleven kings ruled for 300 years.4 Then Kolikilas followed;5 their dharma described.6
- 1) Vāyu-purāṇa 45. 82; 47. 41; 48. 15, 21, 36; 58. 78; 83. 112; 99. 12, 268;
- 2) Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 16. 33; 20. 30; 23. 16; XII. 1. 40-43.
- 3) Vāyu-purāṇa 93. 44.
- 4) Ib. 99. 364.
- 5) Vāyu-purāṇa 99. 364.
- 6) Ib. 99. 392-400.
Mleccha (म्लेच्छ) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. II.27.23, II.28.44, II.29.15, II.31.10, II.47.12, II.48.33, III.48.19, V.158.20, VI.10.64, VI.10.66, VIII.30.70, VIII.51.19) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Mleccha) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammarMleccha (म्लेच्छ).—(I) a word although correct, yet looked upon as incorrect owing to its faulty utterance; (2) a person like the uncultured people, who is not able to pronounce words correctly cf. म्लेच्छा मा भूमेत्यध्येयं व्याकरणम् (mlecchā mā bhūmetyadhyeyaṃ vyākaraṇam) M. Bh. I. 1, Ahnika 1.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Source: Pure Bhakti: Bhagavad-gita (4th edition)Mleccha (म्लेच्छ) refers to “(1) Barbarian (2) Those who are unable to properly utter the Vedic mantras”. (cf. Glossary page from Śrīmad-Bhagavad-Gītā).
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraMleccha (म्लेच्छ) is the name of an ancient country or sacred region, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 16) (“On the planets—graha-bhaktiyoga”), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “[...] Mars also presides over the country of Uttarapāṇḍya, the Mahendra, the Vindhya, the Malaya mountains, Colādeśa, the Draviḍas, the Videhas, the Āndhras, the Aśmakas, the Bhāsapuras, the Kauṅkaṇas, the Mantriṣikās, the Kuntalas, the Keralas, the Daṇḍakas, the Kāntipuras, the Mlecchas and the mixed races”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: WikiPedia: HinduismMleccha referred to people of foreign extraction in ancient India. The Sanskrit term Mleccha, referring to the indistinct speech of some non-Aryans. Mleccha is used for one who is impure, dirty or uncultured. It is derived from the root mlich~mlech, meaning to speak indistinctly (like a foreigner or barbarian who does not speak Sanskrit). We find the use of root also in Mahābhāṣya.
Some explanations of the name "mleccha" suggest that the word was derived from the Indo-Aryan perception of the speech of the indigenous peoples. Namely, "mlech" was a word that meant "to speak indistinctly." As such, some suggest that the Indo-Aryans used an onomatopoeic sound to imitate the harshness of alien tongue and to indicate incomprehension, thus coming up with "mleccha".
Mleccha (from Vedic Sanskrit म्लेच्छ mleccha, meaning "non-Vedic" or "non-Aryan", "barbarian", "foreigners"), also spelt Mlechchha or Mlechha.
Source: Red Zambala: On the Salvific Activities of GodMleccha — from ‘mlecch’ to talk confusedly. A term of disrespect for Non-Aryans who do not conform to the Aryan codes of practice or speak Sanskrit. Nowadays used mostly for foreigners such as Europeans and Muslims.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka MaṇḍalaMleccha (म्लेच्छ) or Mlecchauḍa is the name of a Vīra (hero) who, together with the Ḍākinī named Mlecchī [or Mlecchauḍī] forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Guṇacakra, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, the guṇacakra refers to one of the four divisions of the sahaja-puṭa (‘innate layer’), situated within the padma (lotus) in the middle of the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs and Vīras [viz., Mleccha] are whitish red in color; they each have one face and four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife.
Note: Mleccha is also known by the name Oḍina, while Mlecchī is also known as Oḍinī.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraMleccha (म्लेच्छ) and Ārya refers to the two-fold division of men born in Mānuṣottara and in the Antaradvīpas, situated in the “middle world” (madhyaloka), according to chapter 2.2 [ajitanātha-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.
Accordingly:—“In these 35 zones on this side of Mānuṣottara and in the Antaradvīpas, men arise by birth; on the mountains, Meru, etc., by kidnapping and power of learning, in the 2½ continents and in 2 oceans. [...]. From the division into Āryas and Mlecchas they are two-fold. [...] The Mlecchas—Śākas, Yavanas, Śabaras, Barbaras, Kāyas, Muruṇḍas, Uḍras, Goḍras, Patkaṇakas, Arapākas, Hūnas, Romakas, Pārasas, Khasas, Khāsikas, Ḍombilikas, Lakusas, Bhillas, Aṅghras, Bukkasas, Pulindas, Krauñcakas, Bhamararutas, Kuñcas, Cīnas, Vañcukas, Mālavas, Draviḍas, Kulakṣas, Kirātas, Kaikayas, Hayamukhas, Gajamukhas, Turagamukhas, Ajamukhas, Hayakarṇas, Gajakarṇas, and other non-Āryas also are people who do not know even the word ‘dharma’”.
Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 3: The Lower and middle worldsMleccha (म्लेच्छ, “barbarian”) refers to one of the two types of human beings according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 3.36.—Those human beings who have no control over their speech i.e. behave and speak shamelessly without regard to anyone are called barbarians.
How many types of barbarians (mleccha) are there? They are of two types namely: from Antaradvīpa and from Karmabhūmi. Who are the barbarians from Karmabhūmi? These are the human beings from areas like Pulinda, Śabara, Yavana, Śaka, Khasa, Barbara etc of Karmabhūmi (area /region of labour).Who are called inhabitants of Antaradvīpa? The hinter region between Lavaṇa Ocean and Himavāna and Vijayārdha Mountains is called Antaradvīpa. Those born in this region are called Antaradvīpaja.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana (history)Mleccha (म्लेच्छ) were wild ferocious tribes whose acts of violence caused vast devastations and destructions, struck terror in the social life of the country. They are said to have been repulsed and destroyed by lord Śiva.
Source: archive.org: Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptionsMleccha (म्लेच्छ) is the name of a tribe mentioned in the Gupta inscriptions. The Gupta empire (r. 3rd-century CE), founded by Śrī Gupta, covered much of ancient India and embraced the Dharmic religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. These tribes (e.g., the Mlecchas) migrated to places other than their original settlemenets and gave their names to the janapadas they settled. They replaced the old Vedic tribes in Punjab and Rajasthan though some of them are deemed as offshoots of the main tribe..
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryMleccha.—(EI 22), name applied to the Muhammadans and other foreigners; cf. Mleccheśvara (EI 32). Note: mleccha is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
Source: OpenEdition books: Vividhatīrthakalpaḥ (History)Mleccha (म्लेच्छ) in Sanskrit (or Miccha, Meccha in Prakrit) refers to “barbarians”, as is mentioned in the Vividhatīrthakalpa by Jinaprabhasūri (13th century A.D.): an ancient text devoted to various Jaina holy places (tīrthas).—Accordingly, “In the year 1312, the mleccha shattered the image of Ṛṣabha that Jāvaḍi had installed. [...] In 1321, Lalla and Pīṭhada restored the temples destroyed by the mleccha”.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarymlēccha (म्लेच्छ).—m (S) corruptly mlēñcha m The generic term for a barbarian or foreigner; that is for one speaking any language but Sanskrit, and not subject to the usual Hindu institutions.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryMleccha (म्लेच्छ).—[mlecch-ghañ]
1) A barbarian, a non-Āryan (one not speaking the Sanskṛt language, or not conforming to Hindu or Āryan institutions), a foreigner in general; ग्राह्या म्लेच्छप्रसिद्धिस्तु विरोधादर्शने सति (grāhyā mlecchaprasiddhistu virodhādarśane sati) J. N. V.; म्लेच्छान् मूर्छयते (mlecchān mūrchayate); or म्लेच्छनिवहनिधने कलयसि करवालम् (mlecchanivahanidhane kalayasi karavālam) Gītagovinda 1.
2) An outcast, a very low man; (Baudhāyana thus defines the word:-gomāṃsakhādako yastu viruddhaṃ bahu bhāṣate | sarvā- cāravihīnaśca mleccha ityabhidhīyate ||).
3) A sinner, wicked person.
4) Foreign or barbarous speech.
-ccham 1 Copper.
2) Vermilion.
Derivable forms: mlecchaḥ (म्लेच्छः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryMleccha (म्लेच्छ).—m.
(-cchaḥ) 1. The generic term for a barbarian or foreigner; that is, for one speaking any language but Sanskrit, and not subject to the usual Hindu institutions. 2. A sinner, a criminal. 3. Indistinct or barbarous speech. E. mlecch to speak inarticulately, aff. ghañ .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryMleccha (म्लेच्छ).—m. 1. A barbarian, [Hitopadeśa] iii. [distich] 62. 2. A sinner.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryMleccha (म्लेच्छ).—[masculine] barbarian or barbarism.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Mleccha (म्लेच्छ):—[from mlech] m. a foreigner, barbarian, non-Aryan, man of an outcast race, any person who does not speak Sanskṛt and does not conform to the usual Hindū institutions, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa] etc. etc. (f(ī). )
2) [v.s. ...] a person who lives by agriculture or by making weapons, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) [v.s. ...] a wicked or bad man, sinner, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] ignorance of Sanskṛt, barbarism, [Nyāyamālā-vistara [Scholiast or Commentator]]
5) [v.s. ...] n. copper, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) [v.s. ...] vermilion, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryMleccha (म्लेच्छ):—(cchaḥ) 1. m. The generic term for a barbarian; a sinner; indistinct, barbarous speech.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Mleccha (म्लेच्छ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Miccha.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryMleccha (म्लेच्छ) [Also spelled mlechchh]:—(nm) an alien (invader); a non-Aryan; (a) lowly; unclean, shabby; un-Indian (in a contemptuous sense); —[jāti] an alien race; —[bhāṣā] an alien language/speech; hence ~[tā] (nf).
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusMlēccha (ಮ್ಲೇಚ್ಛ):—
1) [noun] an uncultured, uncivilised man.
2) [noun] a roguish, dishonest, unscrupulous man; a wicked fellow.
3) [noun] a foreign country; a country the culture of which not in agreement with that of ancient India.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+5): Mleccha Bhasha, Mlecchabhashe, Mlecchabhojana, Mlecchadesha, Mlecchadik, Mlecchadvishta, Mlecchagana, Mlecchaja, Mlecchajati, Mlecchakanda, Mlecchakhamda, Mlecchakhya, Mlecchamandala, Mlecchamukha, Mlecchana, Mlecchanivaha, Mlecchaprayoga, Mleccharajya, Mlecchasha, Mlecchasya.
Ends with: Amleccha, Aparamleccha.
Full-text (+599): Miccha, Mlecchajati, Mlecchadesha, Mlecchasha, Mlecchamukha, Mlecchamandala, Mlecchavac, Mlecchabhojana, Mlecchasya, Mlecchakhya, Mlecchakanda, Mleccha Bhasha, Mlecchadvishta, Shabarotsava, Nahala, Arya, Mileccakantam, Milaiccar, Mlecchata, Mlecchataskarasevita.
Relevant text
Search found 71 books and stories containing Mleccha, Mlēccha; (plurals include: Mlecchas, Mlēcchas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verses 6.2.37-38 < [Chapter 2 - Residence in Śrī Dvārakā]
Verse 6.2.6 < [Chapter 2 - Residence in Śrī Dvārakā]
Verse 6.7.4 < [Chapter 7 - The Marriage of Śrī Rukmiṇī]
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 13: Rāma’s aid to Janaka < [Chapter IV - The, birth, marriage, and retreat to the forest of Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa]
Part 8: Conquest of southern district of Sindhu by Bharata < [Chapter IV]
Part 4: Story of the thief Kāka < [Chapter V - The kidnapping of Sītā]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 4.79 < [Section IX - Personal Cleanliness]
Verse 2.24 < [Section VI - Qualified Countries]
Verse 2.23 < [Section VI - Qualified Countries]
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 1.2.174 < [Chapter 2 - The Lord’s Appearance]
Verse 1.1.39 < [Chapter 1 - Summary of Lord Gaura’s Pastimes]
Verse 2.10.100 < [Chapter 10 - Conclusion of the Lord’s Mahā-prakāśa Pastimes]
The Padma Purana (by N.A. Deshpande)
Chapter 6 - Bhāratavarṣa: Its Rivers and Regions < [Section 3 - Svarga-khaṇḍa (section on the heavens)]
Chapter 76 - The Exposition of Merit < [Section 1 - Sṛṣṭi-khaṇḍa (section on creation)]
Chapter 15 - The Greatness of Amarakaṇṭaka < [Section 3 - Svarga-khaṇḍa (section on the heavens)]
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