Tamra, Tāmra, Tāmrā: 37 definitions
Introduction:
Tamra means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)
Tāmra (ताम्र, “Copper”) is the name for a variation of ‘metal’ (dhātu/loha) from the sub-group named Pūtiloha, according to the Rasaprakāśasudhākara: a 13th century Sanskrit book on Indian alchemy, or, Rasaśāstra.
Copper has 2 variations on its own:
- nepālaja (obtained from Nepāla-deśa, modern Nepal),
- mlecchaja (obtained from places other than Nepāla-deśa).
Tamra refers to “copper”. (see Bhudeb Mookerji and his Rasajalanidhi)
Copper (Tāmra) is of two types:
-
Nepālaja
- and Mlecchaja.
Tāmra-bhasma used in one valla dose internally cures pariṇāma-śūla, aṣṭavidha-udara-rogas, pāṇḍu-roga, śopha-roga, gulma-roga, plīha-roga, yakṛdjanya-roga, agnisāda (mandāgni), kṣayaja-roga, prameha and gradaṇī etc. and many diseases with different anupānas.
Generally Tāmra-bhasma is advised for internal use mixed with pippalī-cūrṇa and madhu. And as such it can destroy all the doṣas and the diseases produced by these. Specially copper bhasma may destroy arśas, ajīrṇajanya-rogas and jvara-rogas etc. It may also prove very good in destroying bṛddhi-roga, śvasana-janya-rogas and various types of kāsas. It is a best Rasāyana and prevents/destroys jarā and mṛtyu (senile diseases and death).
Tamra (Copper) is another ancient metal known to human civilization. Charaka uses the term Arka in a few places which Chakrapani clarifies as synonymous with Tamra. According to the descriptions of Rasa in Vagbhata Ref. there are two forms of Tamra viz. Nepaliya and Mlechha, only the former being acceptable. Samples with characteristic metallic sheen (Snigdham), soft (Mridulam), bright reddish in color (Shonam), having high tensile strength (Ghanaghata Ksamam), heavy (Guru), and devoid of impurities (Nirvikaram) are identified as best used for medicinal purposes.
Formulations of ‘Tamra’ are useful in a wide range of diseases like Krimi, Sthaulya, Arsha, Ksaya, Pandu, Kusta, Swasa, Kasa, Amlapitta, Sotha, Sula, Yakrit Roga and Grahani dosha etc. In addition, Charaka advocates the use of Tamra Patra (copper vessels) in several pharmaceutical procedures. Normal doses mentioned for ‘Tamra Bhasma’ is 15 mg to 60 mg.
Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)
1) Tāmrā (ताम्रा) is another name for Tāmravallī, a medicinal plant possibly identified with Phyllanthus urinaria (chamber bitter or common leafflower) from the Phyllanthaceae or “leafflower” family of flowering plants, according to verse 3.122-123 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The Dhanvantari (in his nighaṇṭu) does not describe Tāmravallī, but by the synonym Tāmalkī he has described Bhūmyāmalkī (Phyllanthus urinaria) in Candanādi-varga, which does not tally with the description of Raj Nighantu. The third chapter (guḍūcyādi-varga) of this book contains climbers and creepers (vīrudh). Together with the names Tāmrā and Tāmravallī, there are a total of nine Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.
2) Tāmrā (ताम्रा) is another name for Saiṃhalī, a medicinal plant identified with Piper retrofractum Vahl. or “Balinese long pepper” from the Piperaceae or ‘pepper’ family of flowering plants, according to verse 6.16-18. The sixth chapter (pippalyādi-varga) of this book enumerates ninety-five varieties of plants obtained from the market (paṇyauṣadhi). Together with the names Tāmrā and Saiṃhalī, there are a total of sixteen Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.
Agriculture (Krishi) and Vrikshayurveda (study of Plant life)
Tāmra (ताम्र) refers to the “coppery flowers” type of Puṣpas (“flower”); and represents a technical term related to the morphology branch of “plant science”, which ultimately involves the study of life history of plants, including its origin and development, their external and internal structures and the relation of the members of the plant body with one another.—The vṛkṣāṅga-sūtrīya-adhyāya, i.e., the chapter of the bījotpatti-kāṇḍa of Parāśara’s Vṛkṣāyurveda deals with various parts of plants. [...] The flower (puṣpa) has four parts—calyx (bāhyadala), corolla (antardala), androecium (pum-aṅga) and gynoecium (dayita-aṅga). [...] Various shapes, colours etc. of flowers are denoted by different synonyms such as tāmra-puṣpī (Having coppery flowers), [...].
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Tāmra (ताम्र) refers to “copper”, the calcification (bhasma) of which is mentioned as an ingredient of metallic drugs for the treatment of Kṣaya, as mentioned in the 17th-century Vaidyavallabha (chapter 3) written by Hastiruci.—The Vaidyavallabha is a work which deals with the treatment and useful for all 8 branches of Ayurveda. The text Vaidyavallabha (mentioning tāmra-bhasma) has been designed based on the need of the period of the author, availability of drugs during that time, disease manifesting in that era, socio-economical-cultural-familial-spiritual-aspects of that period Vaidyavallabha.
Tāmra (ताम्र):—[tāmraḥ] Coppery colour
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
1) Tāmra (ताम्र).—A demon, son of Murāsura. The demon Mura had seven children named Tāmra, Antarīkṣa, Śravaṇa, Vasu, Vibhāvasu, Nabhasvān and Aruṇa. Of these Tāmra was Mahiṣāsura’s minister for a long time. The Chief Minister of Mahiṣāsura was Asilomā; Defence Minister, Cikṣura; Foreign minister, Viḍāla and Finance minister, Tāmra. Udarka was the Commander-in-chief and Bāṣkala, Trinetra and Kālabandhaka were Cabinet Ministers. He was killed along with his father Mura, by Śrī Kṛṣṇa. (10th Skandha Bhāgavata and 5th Skandha, Devī Bhāgavata).
2) Tāmrā (ताम्रा).—Daughter of Dakṣa. Tamrā was married to Kaśyapa and he begot of her five daughters named Krauñcī, Bhāsī, Śyenī, Dhṛtarāṣṭrī and Śukī. Of these Krauñcī delivered owls, Bhāsī delivered Bhāsas, Śyenī, Kites and Vultures, Dhrtarāṣṭrī, swans, geese and cuckoos, and Śukī delivered Natā and Natā in turn Vinatā. (Sarga 14, Araṇya Kāṇḍa, Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa).
Tāmra (ताम्र) refers to “copper”, representing the material of the liṅga of the Ādityas, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.1.12, where the Devas and Viṣṇu requested Viśvakarman for liṅgas for the achievement of the desires of all people:—“[...] at our bidding Viśvakarmā made liṅgas and gave them to the devas according to their status. [...] Goddess Lakṣmī took a crystal liṅga. The Ādityas (the twelve suns) took liṅgas made of copper (Tāmra-liṅga). The moon took a liṅga made of pearl and the god of fire took a liṅga of diamond. [...] Thus different kinds of liṅgas were given to them by Viśvakarmā which the devas and the celestial sages worship regularly. After giving the devas the various liṅgas from a desire for their benefit, Viṣṇu explained the mode of worship of Śiva to me, Brahmā”.
1a) Tāmra (ताम्र).—A son of Mura (s.v.).*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa X. 59. 12.
1b) A monkey chief.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 7. 234.
1c) A son of Satyabhāmā and Kṛṣṇa.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 47. 17; Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 71. 247.
2a) Tāmrā (ताम्रा).—One of Kaśyapa's wives. Her progeny were hawks, vultures, eagles, curlews, geese, śukīs and others;1 daughter of Pulaha;2 mother of Apsarasas.3
- 1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa VI. 6. 26-27; Matsya-purāṇa 6. 2 and 30; Vāyu-purāṇa 69. 325-26. Viṣṇu-purāṇa I. 15. 125; 21. 14-17.
- 2) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 3. 56; 7. 445 to 448; 69. 325.
- 3) Matsya-purāṇa 146. 18; 171. 29 and 60.
2b) Wife of Vasudeva; her son was Sahadeva.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 46. 16.
2c) A daughter of Dakṣa and wife of Kaśyapa.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 66. 54.
Tāmrā (ताम्रा) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.60.54) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Tāmrā) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
Tāmrā also refers to the name of a River mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. VI.10.27).
Tamrā (तम्रा) refers to one of thirteen of Dakṣa’s sixty daughters given to Kaśyapa in marriage, according to one account of Vaṃśa (‘genealogical description’) of the 10th century Saurapurāṇa: one of the various Upapurāṇas depicting Śaivism.—Accordingly, Dakṣa gets married to Asikni, the daughter of Prajāpati Viraṇa and begot sixty daughters. [He gave thirteen daughters to Kaśyapa]. Kaśyapa’s thirteen wives are Aditi, Diti, Danu, Ariṣṭā, Surasā, Svadhā, Surabhi, Vinatā, Tamrā, Krodhavasā, Irā and Muni.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Tāmra (ताम्र) refers to “icons made of copper”, as defined in treatises such as the Pāñcarātra, Pādmasaṃhitā and Vaikhānasa-āgamas, extensively dealing with the technical features of temple art, iconography and architecture in Vaishnavism.—The Āgamas prescribe the metals and the results. The icon made of different metals brings different results. The icon of copper (tāmra) results in the promotion of progeny. [...] According to Atri, wood is adhama, mṛd-bera is madhyama, stone is uttama and the copper is uttamottama. [...] The dhruva icon made of copper result in good progeny and promotion of puṇya (meritoriou deed), states Kāśyapa.
Tāmra (ताम्र) or “copper” refers to one of the materials used to make Colours in the ancient Indian tradition of Painting (citra), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy. In the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, five colours are regarded as the primary ones, (viz., white, yellow, colour of vilomata, black, dark blue.). Various materials are seen to be used to make colours. e.g., tāmra (“copper”). A painter can create hundreds or thousands of colours by amalgamating the primary colours
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Tāmra (ताम्र) refers to a “copper-colored sun”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 3), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If, when the rays are turned away from the earth the colour of the sun be that of copper [i.e., tāmra] the commander-in-chief dies; if it be green or yellow the king’s son dies; if it be white the royal chaplain dies. If the sun (āditya) be variegated in colour or of the colour of smoke there will be either immediate rain or mankind will suffer from robbers and from weapons”.
Tāmra (ताम्र) refers to the “copper” (metal used to produce ghaṭikā-yantra vessels), according to Bhāskara’s commentary on the Āryabhaṭīya.—Accordingly, “'How then is the one-sixtieth part of a nychthemeron to be determined?’ To this question, [the following] has to be said. In this connection some say: ‘The Ghaṭikā-yantra is a vessel [made out] of one of the metals like gold, silver or copper [i.e., suvarṇa-rajata-tāmra], hemispherical in shape (lit. semicircular), which holds (dhāraka) sixty palas of water and which is filled with or discharges [the same amount of water]’ [...]”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Tāmra (ताम्र) refers to “copper”, according to the Sarvajñānottara-tantra 1.5.—Accordingly, “Just as gold is hidden within copper (tāmra), in the same way the Divinity which a man seeks to know is hidden within [him]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Tāmra (ताम्र) refers to “copper”, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] Just as copper (tāmra) becomes gold from the touch of fixed mercury, [so] the student becomes absorbed in the highest reality from hearing the teachings of the Guru. If [the Yogin] worships the guru fully he will obtain from him the natural [no-mind state] without effort. [So,] he should devote himself at all times to this practice of the self. [...]”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Tāmra (ताम्र) refers to “copper (coins)”, according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter 2).—Accordingly, “[Question.—Why do the Buddhist sūtras begin with the words: ‘Thus have I heard’?]—[...] Although the disciples of the Buddha understood the non-existence of self (anātman), they conform to current usage (saṃvṛtidharma) and speak of a self (ātman). But this ātman is not a true Ātman. Thus there is nothing ridiculous in exchanging copper coins (tāmra-kārṣāpaṇa) for gold coins (suvarṇa-kārṣāpaṇa). Why? Because the rules of commerce (krayavikrayadharma) demand it. It is the same when we speak of ātman. In a system [that sets up the thesis of] the Anātman, we can talk about the Ātman; by conforming to current usage (lokasaṃvṛti), we do not incur any blame. [...]”.
Tāmra (ताम्र) refers to “copper powder” (suitable for an offering ceremony), according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly [as the Bhagavān taught the detailed offering-manual], “The wise one should prepare a pill having mixed padmaka, arka, blue lotus, orpiment, mixed copper powder (tāmra-cūrṇa), mustard seed, indrahasta and palāśa with sugar juice. Having enchanted with the mantra eighty times, pills measuring a jujube fruit should be made. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Tāmra (ताम्र) refers to “copper”: a metal that was typically mined, extracted and used (both domestic and industrial) in ancient India. Mining was an important industry at that time as well. The Jaina canonical texts mention about the extraction of various kinds of minerals, metals (e.g., tāmra) and precious stones. The term ‘āgara’ occurring intire texts denotes the mines which provided many kinds of mineral products. The references in the texts of various professions and trade in metallic commodities clearly show a highly developed industry of mining and metallurgy in that period.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Tāmra.—(IE; EI 8, 23), same as tāmra-śāsana; a copper-plate grant; also land granted by means of such charters. Note: tāmra is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
tāmra (ताम्र).—n (S) Copper. 2 Calx of copper. 3 In comp. Of a coppery-red color.
tāmra (ताम्र).—n Copper, Calx of copper. a Red.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Tāmra (ताम्र).—a. [tam-rak dīrghaḥ Uṇādi-sūtra 2.16.]
1) Made of copper.
2) Of a coppery red colour, red; ततोऽनुकुर्याद्विशदस्य तस्यास्ताम्रौष्ठपर्यस्तरुचः स्मितस्य (tato'nukuryādviśadasya tasyāstāmrauṣṭhaparyastarucaḥ smitasya) Kumārasambhava 1.44; उदेति सविता ताम्रस्ताम्र एवास्तमेति च (udeti savitā tāmrastāmra evāstameti ca) Subhāṣ.
-mraḥ A kind of leprosy with red spots.
-mram 1 Copper.
2) A dark or coppery red.
3) A coppery receptacle; ताम्रलोहैः परिवृता निधयो ये चतुः- शताः (tāmralohaiḥ parivṛtā nidhayo ye catuḥ- śatāḥ) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 2.61.29.
-mrī A copper pot having a small hole at the botton used in measuring time by placing it in a water-vessel.
Tāmra (ताम्र).—mfn.
(-mraḥ-mrī-mraṃ) Of a coppery red colour. n.
(-mraṃ) 1. Copper. 2. A kind of sandal, represented as of a dark red colour, and smelling like a lotus. 3. A dark or coppery red. m.
(-mraḥ) A leprosy with large red spots. f. (-mrī) A copper or metallic cup of prescribed capacity, and perforated by a small hole at the bottom, answering the purpose of an hour glass: it is put into a vessel of water; the water gradually filling it, and the cup sinking, marks the time that has elapsed. E. tam to desire, Unadi affix rak, and the vowel made long; or tāmra copper, aṇ and ṅīṣ affixes, implying analogy or derivation.
Tāmra (ताम्र).— (vb. tam, cf. tamas), I. adj. 1. f. rā, Of a coppery-red colour, [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 34, 13. 2. f. rī, Of copper, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 21, 17. Ii. n. 1. Copper, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 5, 114. 2. A sort of sandal, [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 83, 17.
Tamra (तम्र).—[adjective] obscuring or choking.
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Tāmra (ताम्र).—1. [adjective] copper-coloured, dark-red ([abstract] tā† [feminine], tva† [neuter]); [masculine] a kind of leprosy; [neuter] copper or a copper vessel.
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Tāmra (ताम्र).—2. [feminine] ī made of copper; [feminine] ī a kind of clepsydra.
1) Tamra (तम्र):—[from tam] a mf(ā)n. oppressing, darkening, [x, 73, 5].
2) b See [column]2.
3) Tāmra (ताम्र):—mf(ā)n. (√tam, [Uṇādi-sūtra]) of a coppery red colour, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā xvi] ([Naighaṇṭuka, commented on by Yāska iii, 7]), [Mahābhārata] etc. (tāmrā tvac, the 4th of the 7 membranes with which an embryo is covered, [Suśruta iii, 4, 2])
4) mf(ī)n. made of copper, [Rāmāyaṇa iii, 21, 17; Suśruta; Manu-smṛti vi, 53/54; Bhaviṣya-purāṇa, khaṇḍa 1 & 2: bhaviṣya-purāṇa & bhaviṣyottara-purāṇa]
5) m. a kind of leprosy with large red spots, [Karmavip.]
6) Name of a son of Naraka Bhauma, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa x, 59, 12]
7) = -dvīpa, [Mahābhārata ii, 1172; Romakasiddhānta]
8) n. = -tā, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) copper, [Kauśika-sūtra; Manu-smṛti] etc.
10) a coppery receptacle, [Mahābhārata ii, 61, 29]
11) = -dru, [Horace H. Wilson] (cf. [Rāmāyaṇa ii, 83, 17])
12) Tāmrā (ताम्रा):—[from tāmra] f. Rubia Munjista, [Nighaṇṭuprakāśa]
13) [v.s. ...] a red kind of Abrus, [ib.]
14) [v.s. ...] a kind of pepper, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
15) [v.s. ...] Name of a daughter of Dakṣa (one of the wives of Kaśyapa and mother of various birds), [Mahābhārata i, 2620; Harivaṃśa; Rāmāyaṇa iii; Bhāgavata-purāṇa vi, 6, 25 ff.; Viṣṇu-purāṇa]
16) [v.s. ...] Name of a river, [Mahābhārata iii, 12909; vi, 335]
Tāmra (ताम्र):—[(mraḥ-mrī-mraṃ) a.] Of a copper colour. 1. n. Copper; kind of Sandal. m. Leprosy with red spots. f. (mrī) A copper cup answering the purpose of an hour-glass.
Tamra (तम्र):—
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Tāmra (ताम्र):—1. [Uṇādisūtra 2, 16.]
1) adj. f. ā dunkelroth, kupferroth [das 3, 7.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 352.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 2, 428.] [Medinīkoṣa r. 44.] [VIŚVA] bei [UJJVAL.] tāmra, aruṇa (in [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa] und [Medinīkoṣa] diesem gleichgesetzt) [Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 16, 6. 39.] nakhī [Mahābhārata 1, 3295.] śīrṣa (krauñca) [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 2, 15.] locana [2, 34, 13.] [Pañcatantra 220, 1.] tāmrāsya [Mahābhārata 4, 165.] tāmroṣṭha [Kumārasaṃbhava 1, 45.] [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 23, 41.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 16, 81.] mūrdhaja [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 23, 16.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 4, 14, 44. -] [Indralokāgamana 5, 12.] [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 58, 22. fg.] [Suśruta 1, 127, 2. 200, 16. 268, 16. 295, 16. 2, 307, 7.] [Śākuntala 69.] [Kumārasaṃbhava 3, 65.] kṛṣṇa [Sūryasiddhānta 6, 23.] f. [Raghuvaṃśa 2, 15.] tāmrā (tvak) heisst die vierte unter den sieben Häuten, die nach [Suśruta] am entstehenden Embryo sich bilden, [1, 326, 7.] Vgl. pratāmra . —
2) m. a) eine Art Aussatz mit kupferrothen Flecken [KARMAVIPĀKA im Śabdakalpadruma] — b) Nomen proprium α) eines Mannes; vgl. tāmrāyaṇa . = β) einer Insel: dvīpaṃ tāmrāhvayam [Mahābhārata 2, 1172]; vgl. tāmradvīpa und [Lassen’s Indische Alterthumskunde I, 570, Nalopākhyāna 1.] —
3) f. ā a) Name verschiedener Pflanzen: α) = mañjiṣṭhā Rubia Munjista Roxb. [NIGH. PR.] — β) = raktaguñjā Abrus precatorius Lin. [NIGH. PR.] — γ) = saiṃhalī [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma] Unter tāmravallī erscheint das Wort im [Śabdakalpadruma] nach ders. Aut. auch als Synonym von dieser Pflanze. — b) Nomen proprium einer Tochter Dakṣa’s, einer der Gemahlinnen Kaśyapa’s und Mutter verschiedener Vögel, [Mahābhārata 1, 2620.] [Harivaṃśa 170. 221. fg.] [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 20, 12. 18.] [Viṣṇupurāṇa 122.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 6, 6, 25. 27.] — c) Nomen proprium eines Flusses [Mahābhārata 3, 12909. 6, 335.] [Viṣṇupurāṇa 183.] —
4) n. a) dunkele Röthe [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma] — b) Kupfer [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 352.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1039.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] [VIŚVA.] [Kauśika’s Sūtra zum Atuarvaveda 16.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 5, 114. 8, 131. 11, 167.] [Harivaṃśa 16265.] [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 38, 20. 4, 44, 23.] [Suśruta 1, 228, 1. 2, 67, 9. 336, 17.] [Pañcatantra 241, 11.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 6, 13. 47, 46. 53, 71.] [Rājataraṅgiṇī 4, 386.] [Prabodhacandrodaja 22, 18.] [Scholiast] zu [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 1, 3, 12.] tāmralohaiḥ [Mahābhārata 2, 2091.] — c) dunkelrothes Sandelholz [Wilson’s Wörterbuch] mṛṣṭānulepin [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 83, 17.]
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Tāmra (ताम्र):—2. (von 1. tāmra Kupfer)
1) adj. f. ī kupfern [YAMA] bei [Kullūka] zu [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 6, 53.] [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 21, 17.] [Suśruta 1, 99, 5. 171, 9.] f. [BHAVIṢYOTTARA-Pāṇini’s acht Bücher] in [morgenländischen Gesellschaft 6, 94, 3.] —
2) f. ī ein Gefäss aus Kupfer mit einer Oeffnung im Boden, welches in Wasser gestellt sich allmählich füllt und auf diese Weise zur Messung der Zeit dient (vgl. tāmrapātra), [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 1, 1, 121.]
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Tāmra (ताम्र):—1.
1) ā [Lassen’s Anthologie (II) 90, 4.] —
2) b) α) ein Sohn des Naraka Bhauma [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 10, 59, 12.] — β) Nomen proprium einer Oertlichkeit [Oxforder Handschriften 338,b,36.] —
4) c) der [Scholiast] des [Rāmāyaṇa] : gorocanakuṅkumādisaṃbandhastāmravarṇaṃ mṛṣṭaṃ saṃpūrṇamanulepo nulepanaṃ yeṣāṃ te .
Tamra (तम्र):—Adj. (f. ā) beengend , erstickend oder verdunkelnd.
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Tāmra (ताम्र):—1. —
1) Adj. (f. ā) dunkelroth , kupferroth [294,24.] —
2) m. — a) eine Art Aussatz mit kupferrothen Flecken. — b) Nomen proprium — α) eines Sohnes des Naraka Bhauma. — β) einer Insel. — γ) einer Oertlichkeit. —
3) f. ā (sc. tvac) — a) die vierte unter den 7 Häuten am entstehenden Embryo. — b) *Rubia Munjista. — c) *rother Abrus. — d) *eine Art Pfeffer. — e) * = sūkṣmavallī [Rājan 3,110.] — f) Nomen proprium — α) einer Tochter Dakṣa's. — β) eines Flusses. —
4) n. — a) *dunkle Rothe. — b) Kupfer. — c) ein kupferner Behälter [Mahābhārata 2,61,29.] — d) *dunkelrothes Sandelholz.
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Tāmra (ताम्र):—2. —
1) Adj. (f. ī) kupfern. —
2) f. ī eine Art Wasseruhr.
Tāmra (ताम्र) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Aṃba, Taṃba.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Tāmra (ताम्र):—(nm) copper; ~[kāra] a coppersmith; —[paṭṭa] a copper plate (used in olden times for documentation or inscription of edicts etc.); -[patra] see -[paṭṭa; -pātra] copperware; -[yuga] aenolithic; -[pāṣāṇa yuga] chalcolithic.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Tāmra (ತಾಮ್ರ):—
1) [noun] 'a malleable, ductile, metallic element having a characteristic reddish-brown colour, used in large quantities as an electrical conductor and in the manufacture of alloys, as brass and bronze (Symbol: Cu;); copper.'2) [noun] the red or reddish brown colour.
3) [noun] a kind of leprosy with large red spots.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Tāmra (ताम्र):—n. 1. copper; 2. a kind of leprosy with red spots; adj. copper; coppery;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+19): Tamrabha, Tamrabhasma, Tamrabija, Tamracadaka, Tamracakshus, Tamrachuda, Tamracuda, Tamracudaka, Tamracula, Tamracurna, Tamradhatu, Tamradhumra, Tamradhvaja, Tamradru, Tamradruti, Tamradugdha, Tamradugdhi, Tamradvipa, Tamradvipaka, Tamragarbha.
Full-text (+313): Tamrapatra, Tamracuda, Tamraparni, Tamraksha, Tamralipta, Tamravarna, Tamrapatta, Tamravalli, Tamrakara, Tamrabha, Tamravriksha, Tamrakutta, Tamraphala, Tamrashikhin, Tamrapushpa, Tamramula, Tamrasara, Tamrakrimi, Tamra-shasana, Krishnatamra.
Relevant text
Search found 115 books and stories containing Tamra, Tāmra, Tāmrā; (plurals include: Tamras, Tāmras, Tāmrās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 7.76 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Text 7.131 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Text 11.18 < [Chapter 11 - Additional Ornaments]
Yavanajataka by Sphujidhvaja [Sanskrit/English] (by Michael D Neely)
Verse 7.6 < [Chapter 7 - Planets in Exaltation Mūlatrikoṇa]
Verse 4.2 < [Chapter 4 - The Rule of the Objects of the Zodiac Signs and Planets]
Verse 1.120 < [Chapter 1 - The Innate Nature of the Zodiac Signs and Planets]
Brihat Jataka by Varahamihira [Sanskrit/English] (by Michael D Neely)
Verse 2.12 < [Chapter 2 - Planets]
Verse 2.5 < [Chapter 2 - Planets]
Verse 17.3 < [Chapter 17 - Disposition of the Zodiac Signs Containing the Moon]
List of Mahabharata people and places (by Laxman Burdak)
Historical Elements in the Matsya Purana (by Chaitali Kadia)
Lineages of Kaśyapa < [Chapter 6 - Human history in the Matsya-Purāṇa]
Dynasty of Vṛṣṇi < [Chapter 6 - Human history in the Matsya-Purāṇa]
Prostitution in the Matsya Purāṇa < [Chapter 5 - Cultural history in the Matsya-Purāṇa]
International Ayurvedic Medical Journal
Overview on ayurvedic parameters of bhasma pariksha - an ancient indian nanomedicine < [2022, Issue 08 August]
A review on tamra (copper) through ayurvedic texts with a brief on its role in skin disorders < [2016, Issue III March]
Pharmaceutical and analytical study of tamra bhasma – a research article < [2019, Issue 12, December]
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