Mishra, Miśra: 20 definitions

Introduction

Introduction
Image gallery
In Hinduism
In Buddhism
1. Mahayana
In Jainism
1. General definition
India history
Languages
1. Marathi
2. Sanskrit
3. Hindi
See also

Introduction:

Mishra means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit term Miśra can be transliterated into English as Misra or Mishra, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

Images (photo gallery)

In Hinduism

Rasashastra (chemistry and alchemy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-śāstra

Miśra (मिश्र) is a variation of Tin (Vaṅga), according to the Rasaprakāśasudhākara: a 13th century Sanskrit book on Indian alchemy, or, Rasaśāstra. It is considered inferior over the other variation (khura) and not recommended for medicinal use. Tin itself is a metal (dhātu/loha) from the sub-group named Pūtiloha.

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Rasashastra (रसशास्त्र, rasaśāstra) is an important branch of Ayurveda, specialising in chemical interactions with herbs, metals and minerals. Some texts combine yogic and tantric practices with various alchemical operations. The ultimate goal of Rasashastra is not only to preserve and prolong life, but also to bestow wealth upon humankind.

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra

Miśra (मिश्र) refers to one of the varieties of the catuṣpadā type of song, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 31. Accordingly, “when in a song, the khañja and the natkuṭa have been mixed up, and it is sung in the tryasra or the caturasra tāla, it is called miśra (the mixed one)”.

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Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (śāstra) of performing arts, (nāṭya, e.g., theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing dramatic plays (nataka) and poetic works (kavya).

Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

Miśra (मिश्र).—Roots taking personal endings of both the Padas; Ubhayapadin roots; this term मिश्र (miśra) is given in Bopadeva's grammar.

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Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Shodhganga: Temple management in the Āgamas

Miśra (मिश्र) or Miśrapūjā refers to a classification of pūjā (ritualistic worship) according to the Ajitāgama (20.19).—The Āgamas have several different classifications of nityapūjā (daily worship), based on the number of offerings, frequency, time duration and so on. The nomenclature also varies between Āgamas. The essence however is similar. Ajitāgama has a different nomenclature and classifies pūjā into śuddha, miśra and saṅkīrṇa. That which ends with havis or naivedya is termed śuddha. That which ends with nityotsava is termed miśra. That which ends with śuddhanṛtta is termed saṅkīrṇa.

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Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

Source: Pure Bhakti: Arcana-dipika - 3rd Edition

Miśra (मिश्र, “mixed”) refers to one of the three classifications of Arcana (“deity worship”), according to the Arcana-dīpikā (manual on deity worship).—By performing arcana of Bhagavān, one soon feels an immense pleasure within oneself, which is the cause of all varieties of perfections, or auspicious desires. Without performing arcana, it is not possible for a person attached to material enjoyment to break free from bad association and so forth.

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Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).

Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: OpenEdition books: Architectural terms contained in Ajitāgama and Rauravāgama

Miśra (मिश्र) refers to “mixed (qualifies a construction made with several materials used simultaneously) §§ 2.9; 5.3.”.—(For paragraphs cf. Les enseignements architecturaux de l'Ajitāgama et du Rauravāgama by Bruno Dagens)

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Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

Miśra (मिश्र) or Miśravana is the name of one of the four parks of the Sudarśana city according to appendix 8 of the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XIV).—The Trāyastriṃśa gods with Śakra as king live in the city of Sudarśana on the summit of Mount Meru. This city has four parks (viz., Miśra).

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Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 2: the Category of the living

1) Miśra (मिश्र, “mixed”) or kṣāyopaśamika refers to “destruction-cum-subsidence of karmas” and represents one of the five dispositions (thought-activities) of the soul, according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 2.1. What is meant by mixed-disposition (miśra)? The subsidence-cum-destruction disposition is called mixed disposition.

2) Miśra (मिश्र, “mixed”) refers “living and non living being” to a category of yoni (nuclei), according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 2.32.—The place of birth of a living being is called nucleus (nuclei is the plural). The nucleus is like a container. There are nine nuclei (yoni), eg., miśra. What is the meaning of mixed nucleus? The nucleus, which is a mix of partly cold and partly hot; or partly living and partly non living or partly covered and partly exposed, is called mixed nucleus.

What types of living beings have cold (śīta), hot (uṣṇa) and mixed (miśra) hot and cold nuclei? Some have cold, hot or mixed nuclei. The celestial and infernal beings have cold or hot and cold-hot nuclei. Those with hot body (fire body) take their rise from hot nuclei. Those who possess their body of heat have hot nuclei. All others, besides celestial, infernal and fire body have mixed or cold-hot nuclei.

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Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Miśra.—(IA 18), an honorific title; cf. Mahāmiśrapaṇdita. Note: miśra is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

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The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

miśra (मिश्र).—m (S) The name of a country and of a tribe of Brahmans belonging to it.

--- OR ---

miśra (मिश्र) [or मिश्रित, miśrita].—p (S) Mixed, mingled, blended. 2 In arithmetic. Added.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

miśra (मिश्र).—p Mixed. Added.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Miśra (मिश्र).—a. [miśr-ac]

1) Mixed, blended, mingled, combined; गद्यं पद्यं च मिश्रं च तत् त्रिधैव व्यवस्थितम् (gadyaṃ padyaṃ ca miśraṃ ca tat tridhaiva vyavasthitam) Kāv.1.11, 31,32; R.16.32; (sa rājā) अहन्यहन्यर्थगजाश्वमिश्रैर्वृद्धिं ययौ सिन्धुरिवाम्बुवेगैः (ahanyahanyarthagajāśvamiśrairvṛddhiṃ yayau sindhurivāmbuvegaiḥ) Bu. Ch.2.1.

2) Associated, connected.

3) Manifold, diverse; प्रसूतिमिश्राः स्रिय उद्विग्नचित्ता ऊचुर्विपाको वृजिनस्यैष तस्य (prasūtimiśrāḥ sriya udvignacittā ūcurvipāko vṛjinasyaiṣa tasya) Bhāg.4.5.9.

4) Tangled, intertwined.

5) (At the end of comp.) Having a mixture of, consisting for the most part of.

6) Mixing, adulterating.

-śraḥ 1 A respectable or worthy person; usually affixed to the names of great men and scholars; आर्यमिश्राः प्रमाणम् (āryamiśrāḥ pramāṇam) M.1; वसिष्ठमिश्रः (vasiṣṭhamiśraḥ); मण्डनमिश्रः (maṇḍanamiśraḥ) &c.

2) A kind of elephant.

3) The group of the constellations कृत्तिका (kṛttikā) and विशाखा (viśākhā).

4) (In music) A kind of measure.

-śram 1 A mixture.

2) A kind of radish.

3) (with dhana) Principal and interest.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Miśra (मिश्र).—mfn.

(-śraḥ-śrā-śraṃ) Mixed, mingled, blended. n.

(-śraṃ) Mixing, mixture. m.

(-śraḥ) 1. An elephant, the fourth of the four classes in which elephants are arranged. 2. A respectable person; in which sense it is a common affix to proper names; or compounded with ārya, as āryamiśrāḥ &c. E. miśr to mix, aff. ac .

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Miśra (मिश्र).—i. e. miś (perhaps for mikṣ, desider. of mih, without red., cf. mih with sam), + ra, I. adj. Mixed, Böhtl. Ind. Spr. 187; [Pañcatantra] 9, 4; [Uttara Rāmacarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 42, 11. Ii. n. Mixing. Iii. m. 1. An elephant. 2. A respectable person, Sir, [Lassen, Anthologia Sanskritica.] 95, 9; in this sense it is a common affix to nouns, [Vikramorvaśī, (ed. Bollensen.)] 3, 12, and proper names, [Lassen, Anthologia Sanskritica.] 89, 6.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

1) Miśra (मिश्र) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—See Maṇḍanamiśra, Mitramiśra

2) Miśra (मिश्र):—Kusumāñjaliṭīkā. Śabdāloka. Quoted by Jayarāma Hall. p. 59.

3) Miśra (मिश्र):—Pāṇinīyoṇādisūtrodghāṭana.

4) Miśra (मिश्र):—(?): Mugdhabodhaṭīkā Chaṭā.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Miśra (मिश्र):—[from miśr] mf(ā)n. ([probably] [from] a lost √miś cf. under mikṣ) mixed, mingled, blended, combined, [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc. (vacāṃsi miśrā √1. kṛ, [Apte’s The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary] -kṛṇute, to mingle words, talk together, [Ṛg-veda x, 93, 1])

2) [v.s. ...] manifold, diverse, various, [Taittirīya-saṃhitā] etc. etc.

3) [v.s. ...] mixed or connected or furnished with, accompanied by ([instrumental case] with or without samam [genitive case] or [compound]; rarely miśra [in the beginning of a compound] cf. miśra-vāta), [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā] etc. etc.

4) [v.s. ...] [plural] (ifc. after honorific epithets = etc.; e.g. ārya-miśrāḥ, respectable or honourable people etc.; often also in sg. ifc. and rarely [in the beginning of a compound] with proper names by way of respect cf. kṛṣṇa-, madhu-m and [compound] below)

5) [v.s. ...] mixing, adulterating: (cf. dhānyam)

6) [v.s. ...] m. a kind of elephant, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) [v.s. ...] (in music) a kind of measure, [Saṃgīta-sārasaṃgraha]

8) [v.s. ...] Name of various authors and other men (also abbreviation for some names ending in miśra e.g. for Madana-, Mitra-, Vācaspati- m°), [Catalogue(s)]

9) [v.s. ...] n. principal and interest, [Lalita-vistara] (cf. -dhana)

10) [v.s. ...] a species of radish, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Miśra (मिश्र):—(ka) miśrayati 10. a. To mix, blend.

2) [(śraḥ-śrā-śraṃ) a.] Mixed, blended. m. An elephant; a respectable person. n. Mixing, a mixture.

[Sanskrit to German] (Deutsch Wörterbuch)

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Böhtlingk and Roth Grosses Petersburger Wörterbuch

Miśra (मिश्र):—

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Sanskrit-Wörterbuch in kürzerer Fassung

Miśra (मिश्र):——

1) Adj. (f. ā) — a) vermischt , vermengt , verschlungen. vacāsi miśu kara so v.a. Worte wechseln , sich unterreden. — b) gemischt , so v.a. mannichfaltig , verschiedenartig , vielartig. — c) vermischt — , vermengt mit , begleitet — , sich in Gesellschaft befindend von , versehen mit ; die Ergänzung im Instr. , Instr. mit samam , Gen. oder im Comp. vorangehend. Ausnahmsweise geht miś im Comp. voran , z.B. parjanyo miṣṛvātaḥ Regen von Wind begleitet. — d) Pl. in Comp. mit einem Personennamen im Gefolge von seiend , der und der und seine Genossen. In Comp. mit ehrenden Beiwörtern so v.a. u.s.w. u.s.w. Häufig auch im Sg. am Ende und am Anfange von Personennamen , insbes. von Gelehrten , als Ehrenbezeichnung. — e) am Ende eines Comp. = miṣṛka mischend , so v.a. verfälschend. —

2) m. — a) *eine Art von Elephanten. — b) ein best. Tact [Saṃgitasārasaṃgraha 234.] — c) Abkürzung für verschiedene auf miś ausgehende Personennamen. — d) Nomen proprium verschiedener Männer. —

3) n. — a) Kapital nebst Zinsen u.s.w. [Bhāskara’s Līlāvatī 31,3.fgg.] — b) *eine Art Rettig [Rājan 7,18.] Vgl. visna.

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

1) Miśra (मिश्र) [Also spelled misra]:—(a) mixed; complex; blended, combined; —[vākya] a complex sentence.

2) Misra in Hindi refers in English to:—(a) mixed; complex; blended, combined; —[vakya] a complex sentence..—misra (मिश्र) is alternatively transliterated as Miśra.

3) Misra in Hindi refers in English to:—(nm) one-half of a couplet..—misra (मिसरा) is alternatively transliterated as Misarā.

context information

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Search found 70 books and stories containing Mishra, Miśra, Misra; (plurals include: Mishras, Miśras, Misras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Sūtra 6.2.5 (What objects are pure or holy) < [Chapter 2 - Of the Production of Dharma and A-dharma]

Sūtra 1.1.9 (Resemblance of Substance and Attribute) < [Chapter 1 - Of Substance, Attribute, and Action]

Sūtra 7.2.16 (Above Continued) < [Chapter 2 - Of Number, Separateness, Conjunction, etc.]

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Bibliography

Chapter I.f - Time of Prabhācandra (Jaina philosopher) < [Chapter I - Introduction]

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Chapter 3.3f - Puruṣa (the self) in Sāṅkhya

Chapter 3.3h - Apavarga (liberation) in Sāṅkhya

Chapter 2 - Vācaspati Miśra—His life, date and works (introduction)

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Sūtras 37-39 < [Part III - Powers]