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Hitopadesha [sanskrit]
8,857 words
The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.
Verse 2.112
आदित्य-चन्द्रावनिलानलश् च द्यौर् भूमिर् आपो हृदयं यमश् च ।
अहश् च रात्रिश् च उभे च सन्ध्ये धर्मश् च जानाति नरस्य वृत्तम् ॥ ११२ ॥
āditya-candrāvanilānalaś ca dyaur bhūmir āpo hṛdayaṃ yamaś ca |
ahaś ca rātriś ca ubhe ca sandhye dharmaś ca jānāti narasya vṛttam || 112 ||
The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.112 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:
Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)
Glossary of Sanskrit terms
Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.112). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.
Aditya, Candra, Candri, Anila, Alas, Div, Dyau, Bhumi, Apa, Apas, Hridaya, Yama, Ahan, Rat, Ubha, Sandhya, Dharma, Nara, Vritta,
Analysis of Sanskrit grammar
Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.112). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.
- Line 1: “āditya-candrāvanilānalaś ca dyaur bhūmir āpo hṛdayaṃ yamaś ca ”
- āditya -
-
āditya (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]āditya (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- candrāva -
-
candra (noun, masculine)[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]candri (noun, masculine)[locative single]
- anilān -
-
anila (noun, masculine)[accusative plural]
- alaś -
-
alas (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]alas (noun, neuter)[compound], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
- ca -
-
ca (indeclinable conjunction)[indeclinable conjunction]ca (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]ca (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- dyaur -
-
div (noun, masculine)[nominative single], [vocative single]dyau (noun, masculine)[nominative single], [vocative single]
- bhūmir -
-
bhūmi (noun, feminine)[nominative single]bhūmi (noun, masculine)[nominative single]
- āpo* -
-
āpas (noun, neuter)[compound], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]ap (noun, feminine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural]āpa (noun, masculine)[nominative single]√āp (verb class 5)[aorist active second single]
- hṛdayam -
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hṛdaya (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]hṛdaya (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]hṛdayā (noun, feminine)[adverb]
- yamaś -
-
yama (noun, masculine)[nominative single]
- ca -
-
ca (indeclinable conjunction)[indeclinable conjunction]ca (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]ca (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- Line 2: “ahaś ca rātriś ca ubhe ca sandhye dharmaś ca jānāti narasya vṛttam ”
- ahaś -
-
ahan (noun, neuter)[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]ahar (noun, neuter)[adverb]√has (verb class 1)[aorist active second single]
- ca -
-
ca (indeclinable conjunction)[indeclinable conjunction]ca (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]ca (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- rāt -
-
ra (noun, masculine)[adverb], [ablative single]ra (noun, neuter)[adverb], [ablative single]√rā -> rāt (participle, neuter)[nominative single from √rā class 2 verb], [vocative single from √rā class 2 verb], [accusative single from √rā class 2 verb]
- ri -
-
ṛ (noun, feminine)[compound], [adverb]ṛ (noun, masculine)[compound], [adverb]rī (noun, feminine)[adverb]rai (noun, masculine)[adverb]
- iś -
-
i (noun, masculine)[nominative single]
- ca* -
-
ca (noun, masculine)[nominative single]
- ubhe -
-
ubha (noun, neuter)[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]ubhā (noun, feminine)[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
- ca -
-
ca (indeclinable conjunction)[indeclinable conjunction]ca (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]ca (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- sandhye -
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sandhya (noun, masculine)[locative single]sandhya (noun, neuter)[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]sandhyā (noun, feminine)[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
- dharmaś -
-
dharma (noun, masculine)[nominative single]
- ca -
-
ca (indeclinable conjunction)[indeclinable conjunction]ca (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]ca (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- jānāti -
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√jñā (verb class 9)[present active third single]
- narasya -
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nara (noun, masculine)[genitive single]nara (noun, neuter)[genitive single]
- vṛttam -
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vṛtta (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]vṛtta (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]vṛttā (noun, feminine)[adverb]√vṛt -> vṛtta (participle, masculine)[accusative single from √vṛt class 1 verb]√vṛt -> vṛtta (participle, neuter)[nominative single from √vṛt class 1 verb], [accusative single from √vṛt class 1 verb]
Other editions:
Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.112
The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)
Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Buy now!
Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)
[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad
Buy now!Preview of verse 2.112 in Gujarati sript:
આદિત્ય-ચન્દ્રાવનિલાનલશ્ ચ દ્યૌર્ ભૂમિર્ આપો હૃદયં યમશ્ ચ ।
અહશ્ ચ રાત્રિશ્ ચ ઉભે ચ સન્ધ્યે ધર્મશ્ ચ જાનાતિ નરસ્ય વૃત્તમ્ ॥ ૧૧૨ ॥