Malatimadhava (study)
by Jintu Moni Dutta | 2017 | 52,468 words | ISBN-10: 8120813057 | ISBN-13: 9788120813052
This page relates ‘Types of Rasa’ from the English study on the Malatimadhava of Bhavabhuti:—A Prakarana type of Drama in ten acts revolving around the love-story of Malati (from Padmāvatī) and Madhava (from Vidarbha). This study discusses the history of its author and the literary, social, religious, historical and cultural aspects of the Malatimadhava.
Part 1.2 - Types of Rasa
In the Nāṭyaśāstra, Bharatamuni recognizes eight kinds of rasas and accordingly their sthāyibhāvas or permanent moods.
According to him the eight rasas are viz.,
- Śṛṅgāra (erotic),
- Hāsya (comic),
- Karuṇa (pathetic),
- Raudra (furious),
- Vīra (heroic),
- Bhayānaka (terrible),
- Bībhatsa (Odious) and
- Adbhuta (Marvelous).
All these eight rasas are called as nāṭyarasas.[1]
The sthāyibhāvas of these rasas are—
- Rati (love),
- Hāsa (humour),
- Śoka (sorrow),
- Krodha (anger),
- Utsāha (enthusiasm),
- Bhaya (fear),
- Jugupsā (disgust) and
- Vismaya (astonishment).[2]
Later on another rasa called Śānta was considered to be the ninth rasa for the first time of which Nirveda is the permanent mood.[3] Thus, rasas are nine in number.
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
śṛṅgārahāsyakaruṇā raudravīrabhayānakāḥ /
bībhatsādbhūtasañjnau cetyaṣṭau nāṭye rasāḥ smṛtāḥ //
Nāṭyaśāstra,VI.15
[2]:
ratirhāsaśca śokaśca krodhotsāho bhayaṃ tathā /
jugupsā vismayaśceti sthāyibhāvāh prakīrtitāḥ //
Ibid.,VI.17
[3]:
nirvedasthāyibhāvo'sti śānto'pi navamo rasaḥ /
ratirdevādiviṣayā vyabhicārī tathāñijitaḥ //
Kāvyaprakāśa, IV.35