Text 10.13

क्रमेणोदाहरणम्,

krameṇodāharaṇam,

Examples are shown in order:

sva-bhakta-hṛdayākāśe candrasi tvam ahar-niśam |
ataḥ puruṣa-śārdūla tvām ahaṃ śaraṇaṃ gataḥ ||

sva-bhakta—of your devotee; hṛdaya—[in the form] of the heart; ākāśe—in the sky; candrasi—act like the moon; tvam—you; ahaḥ-niśam—day and night; ataḥ—therefore; puruṣa-śārdūla—O tiger-like person; tvām—unto You; aham—I; śaraṇam—shelter; gataḥ—attained.

In the sky of Your devotees’ hearts, you act like the moon, day and night. Therefore, O tiger-like person, I take shelter of You.

atra candra ivācarasīti kvip. puruṣaḥ śārdūla iveti upamitaṃ vyāghrādibhiḥ sāmānyāprayoge iti samāsaḥ.

Here the suffix [k]vi[p] is used: candrasi means candraḥ iva ācarasi, “You act like the moon.”^[1]

The analysis of the compound puruṣa-śārdūla is: puruṣaḥ śārdūlaḥ iva, “a man who is like a tiger.” The compound is formed by the rule: upamitaṃ vyāghrādibhiḥ sāmānyāprayoge, “An upameya is compounded with an upamāna, provided there is no mention of an attribute in common” (Aṣṭādhyāyī 2.1.56).

Commentary:

Jagannātha points out that an attribute in common can be stated when [k]vi[p] is used. For instance: āhlādi vadanaṃ tasyāḥ śarad-rākā-mṛgāṅkati, “Her face, which gives pleasure, acts like the full moon of autumn.”^[2] On the topic of a simile, Mammaṭa simply reiterated the suffixes listed by Udbhaṭa—those suffixes were used by the great poets of old—and added subcategories to Udbhaṭa’s śrautī and ārthī (Kāvyālaṅkāra-sāra-saṅgraha 1.16-21).

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

This usage of the suffix [k]vi[p] is commonly called ācāre kvip (kvip in the sense of ācāra, behavior). This [k]vi[p] is a replacement of [k]ya[ṅ]: kartuḥ kyaṅ salopaś ca (Aṣṭādhyāyī 3.1.11) (Siddhānta-kaumudī 2665); sarva-prātipadikebhyo kvib vā vaktavyaḥ (Vārttika 3.1.11).The only difference is that [k]vi[p] leaves no trace of itself: After being applied, it is deleted, by the rule ver apṛktasya (Aṣṭādhyāyī 6.1.67). Therefore Viśvanātha Kavirāja says [k]ya[c], [k]ya[ṅ], and [ṇ] am[ul] do not involve the ellipsis of the word of comparison (Sāhitya-darpaṇa 10.19).

[2]:

ihānyān api bhedān anye nigadanti. vācaka-luptā ṣaḍ-vidhopavarṇitā. “kartary upamāne” [Pā. 3.2.79] iti ṇinau saptamy api dṛśyate, kokila ivālapati kokilālāpinīti. tathāṣṭamy api “ive pratikṛtau” [Pā. 5.3.96] iti kani “lum manuṣye” [Pā. 5.3.98] iti lupi cañcevety arthe “cañcā puruṣaḥ so’yaṃ yaḥ sva-hitaṃ naiva jānīte” ity atra. navamy api ācāra-kvipi padāntareṇa pratipādite samāne dharme dṛśyate, “āhlādi vadanaṃ tasyāḥ śarad-rākā-mṛgāṅkati” ity ādau (Rasa-gaṅgādhara, KM p. 168). Jagannātha mentions other suffixes in a simile.