Tarala, Tara-ala: 25 definitions
Introduction:
Tarala means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Taral.
In Hinduism
Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)
Tarala (तरल) refers to one of the 135 metres (chandas) mentioned by Nañjuṇḍa (1794-1868 C.E.) in his Vṛttaratnāvalī. Nañjuṇḍa was a poet of both Kannada and Sanskrit literature flourished in the court of the famous Kṛṣṇarāja Woḍeyar of Mysore. He introduces the names of these metres (e.g., Tarala) in 20 verses.
Tarala (तरल) refers to a type of metre according to the Kavidarpaṇa.—A strophe formed with a mātrā and an Ullāla is called a Phulla (Kavidarpaṇa II.33), and the one formed with a Dohā and a Saṃdohaka is called a Tarala (Kavidarpaṇa II.34). Both these appear to be peculiarly Apabhraṃśa Strophes as the component metres show.
Chandas (छन्दस्) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Tarala (तरल).—A place of habitation of ancient Bhārata. This place was conquered by Karṇa. (Śloka 20, Chapter 8, Karṇa Parva).
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Tarala (तरल) refers to “thin (fingers)”, according to the Kularatnoddyota, one of the earliest Kubjikā Tantras.—Accordingly, [while describing the gross form of Navātman called Śabdarāśinavātman]: “(Navātman) has a big body and burns intensely, illumining the sky with (his) radiant energy. [...] He has beautiful hands and feet and thin fingers (taralāṅguli) (like tender) shoots. [...]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Shyanika-shastra (the science of Hawking and Hunting)
Tarala (तरल) refers to “fleet (horses)” (which were employed during hunting), according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, “Hunting on horseback (āśvina) represents one of the eight subdivisions of Hunting (mṛgayā). [...] But something should be said in brief about hunting, for the diffusion of its knowledge. [...] With fleet horses (tarala-aśva), expert bowmen hit an infuriated lion, sometimes in an open field and sometimes from ambushes, and kill it like a cat. [...]”.
Shyanika-shastra (श्यैनिकशास्त्र, śyainikaśāstra) deals with ancient Indian skill of hawking/falconry (one of the ways of hunting) which were laid down in a systematic manner in various Sanskrit treatises. It also explains the philosophy behind how the pleasures derived from sense-experience could lead the way to liberation.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Tarala (तरल) refers to the “instability” (of certain elephants), according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 11, “40. Yellow-eyed, with very large toes (or trunk tip), trunk, head, frontal bosses, etc., not very amiable, (but) he is not over-susceptible to anger, of slow (bodily) fire (of digestion), fearless, of ‘deep’ sensitivity, steadfast, imperturbable, taking hold well, free from instability (vilīna-tarala), fond of the lute and other (instrumental music) and of song, with stout, smooth tusks, very slow-moving, lustful—such an elephant is afflicted with (disease of the) phlegm”.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Tarala (तरल) participated in the war between Rāma and Rāvaṇa, on the side of the latter, as mentioned in Svayambhūdeva’s Paumacariu (Padmacarita, Paumacariya or Rāmāyaṇapurāṇa) chapter 57ff. Svayambhū or Svayambhūdeva (8th or 9th century) was a Jain householder who probably lived in Karnataka. His work recounts the popular Rāma story as known from the older work Rāmāyaṇa (written by Vālmīki). Various chapters [mentioning Tarala] are dedicated to the humongous battle whose armies (known as akṣauhiṇīs) consisted of millions of soldiers, horses and elephants, etc.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
tarala (तरल).—a S Trembling, tremulous, quivering.
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taraḷa (तरळ).—a Flat or dead--sound of a drum &c.
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taraḷa (तरळ).—f taraḷamōḍaśī f Mort de chien or Cholera morbus.
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taraḷa (तरळ).—m taraḷakī f See tarāḷa & tarāḷakī.
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tarāḷa (तराळ).—m A man of low caste whose employment it is to convey burdens onwards, to attend to travelers &c.
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tāraḷa (तारळ).—m A white sea-fish. See tāralī.
tarala (तरल).—a Tremulous, quivering.
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taraḷa (तरळ).—a Flat, dead-sound.
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tarāḷa (तराळ).—m A low-caste man who conveys burdens onwards and attends to travellers &c.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Tarala (तरल).—a. [tṝ-alac]
1) Trembling, waving, shaking, tremulous; तारापतिस्तरलविद्युदिवाभ्रवृन्दम् (tārāpatistaralavidyudivābhravṛndam) R.13.76; घन इव तरलबलाके (ghana iva taralabalāke) Gītagovinda 5; Śiśupālavadha 1.4; Uttararāmacarita 5.11; Ś.1.25.
2) Fickle, unsteady, transient; वैरायितारस्तरलाः स्वयं मत्सरिणः परम् (vairāyitārastaralāḥ svayaṃ matsariṇaḥ param) Śiśupālavadha 2.115; Amaruśataka 3.
3) Splendid, sparkling, glittering; तारावितानतरला इव यामवत्यः (tārāvitānataralā iva yāmavatyaḥ) Kirātārjunīya 8.56.
4) Liquid.
5) Libidinous, wanton.
6) Hollow.
7) Extensive, wide.
-laḥ 1 The central gem of a necklace; मुक्तामयोऽप्यतरलमध्यः (muktāmayo'pyataralamadhyaḥ) Vās.35; or हारांस्तारांस्तरलगुटिकान् (hārāṃstārāṃstaralaguṭikān) (Malli. considers this as an interpolation in Meghadūta).
2) A necklace.
3) A level surface.
4) Bottom, depth.
5) A diamond.
6) Iron.
7) Thorn-apple.
-lā 1 Rice-gruel.
2) Spirituous liquor.
3) A bee.
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Tārala (तारल).—a. Unsteady.
-laḥ 1 libidinous man, lecher, libertine.
2) The companion of a dissolute man (viṭa).
Tarala (तरल).—mfn.
(-laḥ-lā-laṃ) 1. Trembling, tremulous. 2. Libidinous, lecherous, wanton. 3. Luminous, splendid. 4. Hollow. 5. Liquid, liquefied m.
(-laḥ) 1. The central gem of a necklace. 2. A necklace. 3. Bottom, depth, lower or under part. f.
(-lā) 1. Rice gruel. 2. Wine, vinous or spirituous liquor. 3. A bee. E. tṝ to pass, to go or move, affix alac.
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Tārala (तारल).—mfn.
(-laḥ-lī-laṃ) Libidinous, dissipated, a lecher. E. tarala unsteady, affix aṇ . tarala eva .
Tarala (तरल).—i. e. tṛ10 + ala, I. adj., f. lā. 1. Trembling, tremulous, Mahābhārata 1, 1234; 4, 269. 2. Sparkling, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] [distich] 25. 3. Fickle, [Rājataraṅgiṇī] 3, 515. Ii. m. The central gem of a necklace, Mahābhārata 8, 4913. Iii. f. lā, Spirituous liquor, [Varāhamihira's Bṛhajjātaka.] S. 75, 12.
Tarala (तरल).—[adjective] moving to and fro, trembling, glittering, shining; inconstant, fickle, perishable ([abstract] tā [feminine], tva [neuter]); [masculine] wave, billow, the central gem in a necklace, [plural] [Name] of a people; [feminine] ā & [neuter] rice-gruel.
1) Tarala (तरल) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—of the Yāyāvara family, an ancestor of Rājaśekhara. Śp. p. 77. Peters. 2, 59.
2) Tarala (तरल):—Ekāvalīṭīkā alaṃk. by Mallinātha Kavi. W. 1723.
1) Tarala (तरल):—mf(ā)n. (√tṝ? cf. taraṃga) moving to and fro, trembling, tremulous, [Mahābhārata] etc.
2) glittering, [Rāmāyaṇa vi, 4, 33; Raghuvaṃśa xiii, 76; Śakuntalā]
3) unsteady, vain, [Bhartṛhari; Amaru-śataka; Rājataraṅgiṇī iii, 515]
4) libidinous, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) liquid, [Horace H. Wilson]
6) hollow, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) m. a wave, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa xf.]
8) the central gem of a necklace, [Mahābhārata viii, 4913; Harivaṃśa]
9) a necklace, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) a ruby, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) iron, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
12) a level surface (tala), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
13) the thorn-apple, [Nighaṇṭuprakāśa]
14) Name of a poet, [Bālarāmāyaṇa i, 13; Śārṅgadhara-paddhati]
15) [plural] Name of a people, [Mahābhārata viii, 237]
16) Taralā (तरला):—[from tarala] f. spirituous liquor, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
17) [v.s. ...] a bee, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
18) [v.s. ...] Name of a Yoginī, [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi ii, 1, 709]
19) [v.s. ...] f. rice-gruel, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā lxxvi, 11] (la n. ?).
20) Tārala (तारल):—mfn. = tar, unsteady, libidinous, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
1) Tarala (तरल):—[(laḥ-lā-laṃ) a.] Trembling; wanton; bright; hollow; liquid. m. Necklace; its central gem; bottom. f. Rice gruel; wine; a bee.
2) Tārala (तारल):—[(laḥ-lā-laṃ) a.] Libidinous.
Tarala (तरल):—[UJJVAL.] zu [Uṇādisūtra 1, 108.]
1) adj. f. ā a) sich hinundherbewegend, zuckend, zitternd [Amarakoṣa 3, 2, 24.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1455.] [Anekārthasaṃgraha 3, 652] (lies: cale st. cale). [Medinīkoṣa l. 95.] [BALA] beim Sch. zu [Naiṣadhacarita 5, 24.] [Vaijayantī] beim Sch. zu [Kirātārjunīya 8, 56.] taralatarormi [Mahābhārata 1, 1234.] dhana iva taralabālake [Gītagovinda 5, 12. 1, 43.] taralāyatalocanā [Mahābhārata 4, 269.] [Bhartṛhari 1, 15. 92.] [Pañcatantra 129, 21.] [Amaruśataka 51. 86.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 506.] anilataralakuvalayanayana [Gītagovinda 7, 31.] taralataratārākuladṛś [Prabodhacandrodaja 11, 16.] [Caurapañcāśikā 5.] saralataralo dṛṣṭivibhavaḥ [Bhartṛhari 1, 6.] taralāḥ snigdhā dṛśo vibhramāḥ [Gītagovinda 3, 15.] kopopāhitavāṣpavindutaralaṃ ramyaṃ priyāyāḥ mukham [Bhartṛhari 3, 80.] vidyuttaralalocanā [Rāmāyaṇa 6, 4, 34.] taralā bhāsā nārī so v. a. funkelnd (daher = bhāskara, bhāsvara, bhāsura [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] [Vaijayantī][) 33.] vidyut [Raghuvaṃśa 13, 76.] prabhātaralaṃ jyotiḥ so v. a. Blitz [Śākuntala 25.] flüssig [Śabdakalpadruma] [Wilson’s Wörterbuch] In übertr. Bed. unstät, unbeständig, vergänglich: nisargataralā nārīḥ ko niyantrayituṃ kṣamaḥ [Rājataraṅgiṇī 3, 515.] (strīṇām) cittaṃ puṣkarapattratoyataralaṃ vidvadbhirāśaṃsitam [Bhartṛhari]
2) m. [Siddhāntakaumudī.250], b, [7.] a) der Mittelstein in einem Halsschmucke [Amarakoṣa 2, 6, 3, 4.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 394.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 650.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] [BALA.] prabālamuktātaralāśca hārāḥ [Mahābhārata 8, 4913.] hāraśca pīnataralaḥ [Harivaṃśa 5436.] harāṃstaralaviddhāṃśca [8699.] — b) Halsschmuck, = hāra [AJAYAP. im Śabdakalpadruma] = hīra [BALA.] — c) Eisen [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa] — d) Fläche (tala) [AJAYAP.] — e) Stechapfel [NIGH. PR.] — f) pl. Nomen proprium eines Volkes [Mahābhārata 8, 237.] — g) Nomen proprium eines Autors [Oxforder Handschriften 123],b. —
3) f. ā a) Reisbrei (weil er zittert) [Amarakoṣa 2, 9, 50.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 397] (nach dem Schol. auch n.). [Medinīkoṣa] — b) ein geistiges Getränk [Medinīkoṣa] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 75, 12.] — c) Biene H. an. — Wohl von 1. tar; vgl. taraṃga, taraṃgita, taraṃgin .
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Tārala (तारल):—adj. = tarala liederlich, wollüstig [Bhūriprayoga im Śabdakalpadruma]
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Tarala (तरल):—
1) a) saṃtaptāyatataralāḥ (āśvāsāḥ) [Kathāsaritsāgara 124, 58.] viṭahṛdaya [Spr. 5219. Z. 11] zu prabhātaralaṃ jyotiḥ vgl. oben u. jyotis
1) a). —
2) h) Woge [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 11, 1, 22.] hayaiśca taralaplavaiḥ [10, 82, 7.] taralāstaraṃgāstadvatplavo gatiryeṣāṃ taiḥ . — Vgl. uttaralīkar .
Tarala (तरल):——
1) Adj. (f. ā) — a) sich hinundher bewegend , zuckend , zitternd. — b) funkelnd. — c) unstät , unbeständig , vergänglich. — d) *liederlich , wollüstig. — e) *flüssig. — f) *hohl. —
2) m. — a) Woge , Welle. — b) der Mittelstein in einem Halsschmucke. — c) ) *Rubin [Rājan 13,148.] — d) *Halsschmuck. — e) *Eisen. — f) *Fläche. — g) *Stechapfel. — h) Nomen proprium — α) Pl. eines Volkes. — β) eines Autors [Bālarāmāyaṇa 8,20.] —
3) f. ( ā) oder n. Reisschleim , Reisbrühe [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhatsaṃhitā 76,11.] —
4) f. ā — a) *ein geistiges Getränk. — b) *Biene. — c) Nomen proprium einer Yoginī [Hemādri’s Caturvargacintāmaṇi 2,a.96,20.97,1.]
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Tārala (तारल):—Adj. liederlich , wollüstig.
Tarala (तरल) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Tarala.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Tarala (तरल) [Also spelled taral]:—(a) fluid; fickle, unsteady; (nm) a liquid; ~[ka] a thinner; —[padārtha] a liquid.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
1) Tarala (तरल) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Tarala.
2) Tarala (तरल) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Tarala.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Tarala (ತರಲ):—
1) [adjective] moving, vibrating or shivering unsteadily; unsteady.
2) [adjective] shining brightly; effulgent; radiant; brilliant.
3) [adjective] that is flowing (being different from solid and gas); liquid or liquefied.
4) [adjective] given to sensual enjoyments; lustful.
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Tarala (ತರಲ):—
1) [noun] the quality of something strange that causes surprise, astonishment or admiration.
2) [noun] a young male person; a boy.
3) [noun] a male offspring; a son.
4) [noun] the central gem of a necklace.
5) [noun] (pros.) a metre that has nineteen syllables in each line.
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Taraḷa (ತರಳ):—[adjective] = ತರಲ [tarala]1.
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Taraḷa (ತರಳ):—[noun] = ತರಲ [tarala]2.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Tarala (तरल):—n. liquid; adj. 1. inconsistent; unsteady; restless; 2. watery;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
Pali-English dictionary
tarala (တရလ) [(ti) (တိ)]—
[tara+ala．tara+lā+a]
[တရ+အလ။ တရ+လာ+အ]
[Pali to Burmese]
tarala—
(Burmese text): (၁) တုန်လှုပ်သော၊ မငြိမ်သက်သော။ (၂) လျှပ်ပေါ်-လော်လည်-သော။ (ထီ) (၃) ယာဂု၊ ယက်မန်းရည်။
(Auto-Translation): (1) Shaky, restless. (2) Electrically unstable. (3) A type of root or herb.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): A la, Ala, Tara.
Starts with (+9): Taralaki, Taralakkaran, Taralakshana, Taralakshi, Taralalekha, Taralalocana, Taralam, Taralamendhi, Taralana, Taralanayana, Taralanayani, Taralanem, Taralanguli, Taralanirancanam, Taralapratibandha, Taralashva, Taralata, Taralatana, Taralatara, Taralataram.
Full-text (+49): Taralata, Prakrititarala, Uttarala, Taralalocana, Taralanayani, Taralalekha, Prabhatarala, Taralatva, Taralataram, Taralya, Taralanirancanam, Taralika, Taralaya, Taral, Taralanem, Taralita, Taralayita, Nanarthashabdaratna, Ekavali, Ekavalitarala.
Relevant text
Search found 35 books and stories containing Tarala, Tara-ala, Taraḷa, Tarāḷa, Tarāla, Tāraḷa, Tārala, Taralā; (plurals include: Taralas, alas, Taraḷas, Tarāḷas, Tarālas, Tāraḷas, Tāralas, Taralās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 153 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 201 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 186 < [Tamil-Hindi-English, Volume 2]
Agni Purana (by N. Gangadharan)
Chapter 367 - The class of words dependent on the substantives for their genders
Chapter 52 - Characteristics of images of different forms of goddesses
Śrī Kṛṣṇa-karṇāmṛtam (by Śrīla Bilvamaṅgala Ṭhākura)
Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)
Section 8 < [Karna Parva]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 4.6.6 < [Part 5 - Dread (bhayānaka-rasa)]
Verse 4.8.58 < [Part 8 - Compatible & Incompatible Mellows (maitrī-vaira-sthiti)]
Verse 2.1.130 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibhāva)]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.94 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]