Taranga, Taraṃga, Taramga, Taraṅga, Tāraṅga: 30 definitions
Introduction:
Taranga means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: Google Books: Temple Consecration Rituals in Ancient IndiaTaraṅga (तरङ्ग or तरंग) is a Sanskrit term roughly translated by Acharya to “an ornament or moulding employed in captials terminating by undulating lines” and by Dagens to “a decoration consisting of ‘waves’ which correspond to what G. Jouveau-Dubreuil called ‘rouleaux’ or ‘copeaux’”.
Source: OpenEdition books: Architectural terms contained in Ajitāgama and RauravāgamaTaraṅga (तरङ्ग) refers to “wave (decorative motif) § 3.21.”.—(For paragraphs cf. Les enseignements architecturaux de l'Ajitāgama et du Rauravāgama by Bruno Dagens)
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)
Source: Shodhganga: a concise history of Sanskrit Chanda literatureTaraṅga (तरङ्ग) refers to one of the 135 metres (chandas) mentioned by Nañjuṇḍa (1794-1868 C.E.) in his Vṛttaratnāvalī. Nañjuṇḍa was a poet of both Kannada and Sanskrit literature flourished in the court of the famous Kṛṣṇarāja Woḍeyar of Mysore. He introduces the names of these metres (e.g., Taraṅga) in 20 verses.
Chandas (छन्दस्) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram1) Taraṅga (तरङ्ग) refers to a “wave (of consciousness)”, according to Arṇasiṃha’s Mahānayaprakāśa verse 134.—Accordingly, “The Śāmbhava (state) is the one in which the power of consciousness (citi) suddenly (sahasā) dissolves away into the Great Void called the Inactive (niḥspanda) that is profound and has no abode. Cognitive awareness (jñāna) arises here in the form of a subtle wave of consciousness [i.e., īṣaccit-taraṅga-rūpa] out of that ocean of emptiness , which is the perfectly peaceful condition of the dissolving away of destruction. [...] Again, that same (principle) free of the cognitive process (saṃvittikalanā) is the supreme absolute (niruttara) said to be the Śāmbhava state of emptiness (vyomaśāmbhava)”.
2) Taraṅga (तरङ्ग) refers to “waves” (washing against the shore), according to the Ṣaṭsāhasrasaṃhitā, an expansion of the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, “(Jālandhara) is in the southern corner of (Kailāśa). It shines (like) the moon and has the moon’s radiant lustre. Its form is that of the city of the Half Moon. It has deep lakes and rivers full of waves [i.e., jala-kallola-gambhīra]. It contains the ocean of the six planes, and is fearsome (with the many great) waves that wash against its shores [i.e., vīcī-taraṅga-kallola-taṭa-āsphālana-bhīṣaṇa]. That city of the Supreme Lord is on top of the lord of the principles. It is adorned with snow (white) moonstones and varied enclosing walls, archways, and palaces (aṭṭāla). It possesses many qualities and wonders. [...]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraTaraṅga (तरङ्ग) refers to “moving waves”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 12), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The mighty ocean whose waters were swallowed by Agastya, exhibited gems that eclipsed the splendour of the crowns of the Devas [...] It exhibited whales, water elephants, rivers and gems scattered over its bed, and, though deprived of water, presented an appearance splendid as Devaloka. There were also seen, moving to and fro, whales, pearl oysters and conch shells, and the sea altogether looked like a summer lake with its moving waves [i.e., taraṅga], water lilies and swans”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (shilpa)Taraṅga (तरङ्ग) refers to “(painting) waves”, according to the Citrasūtra section (on painting) from the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa.—Accordingly, “He who is able to paint waves (taraṅga), flames, smoke, flags and garments etc. with the speed of the wind is considered to be an expert”.
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationTaraṅga (तरङ्ग) refers to “waves”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.4.2 (“The birth of Śiva’s son”).—Accordingly, after Nārada spoke to Agni: “[...] The wives of the sages cast off their semen in the form of a foetus at the top of Himavat. They felt then relieved of their burning sensation. Unable to bear that semen of Śiva and trembling much, Himavat became scorched by it and hurled it in the Gaṅgā. O great sage, the intolerable semen of lord Śiva was deposited by Gaṅgā in the forest of Śara grass by means of its waves (taraṅga). [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Source: Wikisource: Ashtavakra GitaTaraṅga (तरङ्ग) refers to “waves” (not being any different from water), according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Janaka says to Aṣṭavakra]: “[...] So now abandoning the body and everything else, by some good fortune or other my true self becomes apparent. Just as waves (taraṅga), foam and bubbles are not different from water [yathā na toyato bhinnāstaraṅgāḥ phenabudbudāḥ], so all this which has emanated from oneself, is no other than oneself. In the same way that cloth is found to be just thread when analysed, so when all this is analysed it is found to be no other than oneself. [...]”.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: Een Kritische Studie Van Svayambhūdeva’s PaümacariuTaraṅga (तरङ्ग) participated in the war between Rāma and Rāvaṇa, on the side of the latter, as mentioned in Svayambhūdeva’s Paumacariu (Padmacarita, Paumacariya or Rāmāyaṇapurāṇa) chapter 57ff. Svayambhū or Svayambhūdeva (8th or 9th century) was a Jain householder who probably lived in Karnataka. His work recounts the popular Rāma story as known from the older work Rāmāyaṇa (written by Vālmīki). Various chapters [mentioning Taraṅga] are dedicated to the humongous battle whose armies (known as akṣauhiṇīs) consisted of millions of soldiers, horses and elephants, etc.
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsTaraṅga (तरङ्ग) refers to a “waves” (in a river), according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “A line of waves in a river (sarit-taraṅga-ālī) that has gone somewhere also returns but not for men the handsome form, strength, charm [and] gracefulness that has gone”.
Synonyms: Kallola, Ūrmi.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: Jainworld: Jain History (h)Tāraṅga (तारङ्ग) is, a sacred hill situated in the Mahesana-District, became a holy place of the Jainas. Its ancient name was Tārāpura. According to the Prākrit Nirvāṇa Kāṇḍa, Varadatta Varaṅga, Sagaradatta, three and half Koṭi Munis etc. attained Nirvāna. Tāraṅgā was mentioned by Guṇakīrti in the Tirtha-vandanā written in the fifteenth century A.D. Śrutasāgara, Megharāja Dilasukha etc. also described this Tīrtha. It became famous as Nirvāṇa-kṣetra
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarytaraṅga : (m.) a wave.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryTaraṅga, (tara+ga) a wave Vism. 157. (Page 298)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarytaraṅga (तरंग).—m (S) A wave: also a ripple on the water. Ex. kāṃ sāgarīṃ ta0 apāra || saṅkhyā na karavē tayācī ||. 2 fig. A whim, freak, fancy, idle imagination. 3 A thin skin or incrustation; a film or pellicle: (as upon water or over the eye.) 4 (For jalataraṅga) The musical glasses. 5 R A painted pole having at the top a representation of the tutelar divinity:--carried about in processions &c. 6 A bubble.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishtaraṅga (तरंग).—m A whim. A wave. A film. A bubble.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryTaraṅga (तरङ्ग).—[tṝ-aṅgac]
1) A wave; Uttararāmacarita 3.47; Bhartṛhari 1.81; R.13.63; Ś3.6.
2) A section or part of a work (as of the kathāsaritsāgara).
3) A leap, jump, gallop, jumping motion (as of a horse).
4) Cloth or clothes.
5) Waving, moving to and fro.
Derivable forms: taraṅgaḥ (तरङ्गः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryTaraṅga (तरङ्ग).—m.
(-ṅgaḥ) 1. Wave. 2. Cloth or clothes. 3. The gallop of a horse. E. tṝ to pass over or cross, Unadi affix aṅgac.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryTaraṅga (तरङ्ग).—i. e. tara + m + ga, m. 1. A wave, [Pañcatantra] 263, 20; signifying a section of a book, [Kathāsaritsāgara, (ed. Brockhaus.)] 2. The gallop of a horse, [Gītagovinda. ed. Lassen.] 12, 20. 3. Moving to and fro, [Harivaṃśa, (ed. Calc.)] 4298.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryTaraṃga (तरंग).—[masculine] a wave ([figuratively] of a section in a book); jumping motion, leap; waving, moving to and fro.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Taraṃga (तरंग):—[=taraṃ-ga] [from tara] 1. taraṃ-ga m. ([from] taram ind. √tṝ) ‘across-goer’, a wave, billow, [Rāmāyaṇa iv, 41, 29ff.; Jaina literature; Suśruta; Śakuntalā] etc. (ifc. f(ā). , [Pañcatantra; Kathāsaritsāgara lxxii])
2) [v.s. ...] a section of a literary work that contains in its Name a word like ‘sea’ or ‘river’ (e.g. of [Kathāsaritsāgara] and, [Rājataraṅgiṇī])
3) [v.s. ...] a jumping motion, gallop, waving about, moving to and fro, [Harivaṃśa 4298; Gīta-govinda xii, 2o]
4) [v.s. ...] cloth, clothes, [Uṇādi-sūtra [Scholiast or Commentator]]
5) [v.s. ...] cf. ut-, carma-.
6) [from tara] 2. taraṃga [Nominal verb] gati, to move like a billow, wave about, move restlessly to and fro, [Kādambarī vi, 1644] ([Passive voice] p. gyamāṇa), [Gīta-govinda ii, 8];—cf. ut-.
7) [=taraṃ-ga] a etc. See p. 438, col. 3.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryTaraṅga (तरङ्ग):—(ṅgaḥ) 1. m. A wave; cloth or clothes; gallop of a horse.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Taraṅga (तरङ्ग) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Taraṃga, Tāraṃga.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryTaraṃga (तरंग) [Also spelled tarang]:—(nf) a wave, ripple; whim, caprice; —[meṃ honā] to be on the top of the world, to be in a light and pleasant mood.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) Taraṃga (तरंग) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Taraṅga.
2) Tāraṃga (तारंग) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Tāraṅga.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusTaraṃga (ತರಂಗ):—
1) [noun] a moving unsteadily.
2) [noun] a moving ridge or swell on the surface of a liquid; a wave.
3) [noun] something like a wave in action.
4) [noun] (phys.) a periodic motion or disturbance consisting of a series of many oscillations that propagate through a medium or space, as in the propagation of sound or light, making the medium vibrate but not travel outward from the source with.
5) [noun] a main division of a book, usu. bearing a title or number.
6) [noun] a leaping, galloping etc. of a horse.
7) [noun] (pros.) a metre consisting of twenty-one syllables in each foot.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryTaraṅga (तरङ्ग):—n. 1. wave; 2. ripple; vibration as of earthquake; 3. whim; emotion; ecstasy;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Kvi, Gamu, Tara.
Starts with: Taramgabha, Taramgalola, Taramgavada, Tarangabbhahata, Tarangaka, Tarangali, Tarangamalin, Tarangamay, Tarangamaya, Tarangana, Taranganem, Tarangarasi, Tarangarupa, Tarangasancarana, Tarangasanchaaran, Tarangavati, Tarangavatta, Tarangavici, Tarangavinem, Tarangayit.
Full-text (+146): Uttaranga, Jalataranga, Yogataramga, Carmataramga, Naditaranga, Taramgabhiru, Naditaramga, Carmataranga, Prashastitaramga, Smritikalataramga, Tarangavati, Varitaramga, Nititaramga, Mahimataramga, Uttaramga, Narayanatirthataramga, Nirataramga, Rangataramga, Nibbattaudakauimitaranga, Tarangita.
Relevant text
Search found 70 books and stories containing Taranga, Tara-gamu-kvi, Taraṃga, Tāraṃga, Taramga, Taraṅga, Tāraṅga, Tarāṅga; (plurals include: Tarangas, kvis, Taraṃgas, Tāraṃgas, Taramgas, Taraṅgas, Tāraṅgas, Tarāṅgas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 3.3.48 < [Chapter 3 - Mahāprabhu’s Deliverance of Sarvabhauma, Exhibition of His Six-armed Form, and Journey to Bengal]
Verse 1.1.61 < [Chapter 1 - Summary of Lord Gaura’s Pastimes]
Verse 1.14.62 < [Chapter 14 - The Lord’s Travel to East Bengal and the Disappearance of Lakṣmīpriyā]
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyana Gosvāmī Mahārāja)
Verse 2.2.196 < [Chapter 2 - Jñāna (knowledge)]
Verse 2.3.44 < [Chapter 3 - Bhajana (loving service)]
Verse 1.7.107 < [Chapter 7 - Pūrṇa (pinnacle of excellent devotees)]
Preceptors of Advaita (by T. M. P. Mahadevan)
(ii) Niśchaladāsa < [56. Some Authors of Works in Regional Languages]
Reviews < [November 1947]
M. S. Subbulakshmi < [January – March, 2005]
Tyagaraja’s Musical Compositions < [October – December, 1985]
Shri Gaudiya Kanthahara (by Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati)
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