Martanda, Mārtāṇḍa, Martamda: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Martanda means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: Wisdom Library: Vāstu-śāstraMārtāṇḍa (मार्ताण्ड) refers to a category of gopura, which is the “tower” built above the gateway of a house, palace or Buddhist monastery.
Source: Google Books: The Hindu Temple, Volume 1Mārtāṇḍa (मार्ताण्ड) is the eighth son of Aditi, him the Boundless (=Aditi) brought forth inarticulate, a lump of bodily matter, as broad as it was high. Some however say that he was the size of a man (Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa 3.1.3.3). The shape of Mārtāṇḍa is the result of Aditi’s hybris. The ‘Maitrāyaṇīya-saṃhitā’ (1.6.12) tells the story.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Mārtāṇḍa (मार्ताण्ड).—The Sun God; Brahmā placed the tejas of the Aṇḍam in the garbha of Aditī and when everything became stunted, the God removed it from the garbha making it into two pieces; finding the weakness of the garbha Brahmā caused it to be placed in the lap of the Sun God; hence the name;1 another ety.:—when Kaśyapa found the universe divided into two, he was in distress and said you be Martāṇḍa or Vivasvān, son of Kaśyapa and Dākṣāyanī; had seven sons; Sāvarṇi and Śanaiścara are the last;2 R. Yamunā, the daughter of;3 Nāsatya and Dasra, sons of;4 golden image of, for gift;5 maṇḍalam of.6
- 1) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 7. 275-288; Matsya-purāṇa 2. 35.
- 2) Vāyu-purāṇa 84. 25.
- 3) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 13. 72.
- 4) Ib. III. 59. 25; IV. 38. 23.
- 5) Matsya-purāṇa 9. 3; 280. 6.
- 6) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa I. 1. 115.
1b) Handing over the Yajus to Yajñavalkya, Brahmarateya.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 61. 21.
Mārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.70.10) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Mārtaṇḍa) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Source: Wisdom Library: Śilpa-śāstraMārtāṇḍa (मार्ताण्ड) is a Sanskrit name referring to one of the eight manifestations of Asitāṅga, who is a form of Bhairava. According to the Rudrayāmala, there are eight main forms of Bhairava who control the eight directions of this universe. Each form (e.g., Asitāṅga) has a further eight sub-manifestations (e.g., Mārtāṇḍa), thus resulting in a total of 64 Bhairavas.
When depicting Mārtāṇḍa according to traditional iconographic rules (śilpaśāstra), one should depcit him (and other forms of Asitāṅga) with golden complexion and having good looking limbs; he should carry the triśūla, the ḍamaru, the pāśa and the khaḍga. The word Śilpaśāstra refers to an ancient Hindu science of arts and crafts, dealing with subjects such as painting, sculpture and iconography.
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Source: Wisdom Library: PāñcarātraMārtāṇḍa (मार्ताण्ड) refers to an aspect of nṛsiṃha (‘man-lion’), according to the Vihagendra-saṃhitā 4.17, which mentions seventy-four forms (inlcuding twenty forms of vyūha). He is also known as Mārtāṇḍanṛsiṃha or Mārtāṇḍanarasiṃha. Nṛsiṃha is a Tantric deity and refers to the furious (ugra) incarnation of Viṣṇu.
The 15th-century Vihagendra-saṃhīta is a canonical text of the Pāñcarātra corpus and, in twenty-four chapters, deals primarely with meditation on mantras and sacrificial oblations.
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Google Books: Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences (Astronomy)Mārtāṇḍa (मार्ताण्ड) refers to the “sun”, according to the Ghaṭikāyantraghaṭanāvidhi, an unpublished manuscript describing the ritual connected with the setting up of the water clock and its invocation.—Accordingly, “[Now the pala-verses]: [...] May the Sun [i.e., mārtāṇḍa], the Moon [i.e., tārānātha], Mars [i.e., kṣoṇīsūnu], Mercury [i.e., indusūnu], Jupiter [i.e., vāgīśa], Venus [i.e., daityācārya], Saturn [i.e., chāyāputra], Rāhu and Ketu, all these, together with the lunar mansions beginning with Aśvinī, and all these stars, produce auspiciousness, constant good health, prosperity, and longevity [for the couple]”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram1) Mārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड) refers to one of the disciples of Piṅgala, who is associated with Pūrṇagiri, one of the sacred seats (pīṭha), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—The colophons of the version of the Śrīmatottara called Gorakṣasaṃhitā declare that the Kubjikā tradition (the Kādibheda) of the Kulakaulamata was brought down to earth by him. Thus like the Siddhas of the previous Ages, Śrīkaṇṭha also had disciples [i.e., Mārtaṇḍa]. These were the Lords of the Ages who are said to be four aspects of the First Siddha who descend into the world in the last Age, each into a ‘particular division’.
2) Mārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड) refers to one of the eight Bhairavas (bhairava-aṣṭaka) associated with Pūrṇagiri or Pūrṇapīṭha (which is located in the northern quarter), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra.—[...] The eight Bhairavas: Candrapūrṇa, Tṛpta, Triśira, Triśikha, Trimūrti, Trailokya, Ḍāmara, Mārtaṇḍa.
3) Mārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड) or Mātaṅga refers to the Servant (kiṃkara) associated with Tisra, one of the eight Sacred Seats (pīṭha), according to the Yogakhaṇḍa (chapter 14) of the Manthānabhairavatantra.
4) Mārtāṇḍa (मार्ताण्ड) or Mārtāṇḍanātha is another name for Kṛṣṇānanda (or Kṛṣṇānandanātha)—one of the Nine Nāthas according to sources such as the Kumārikākhaṇḍa and Siddhakhaṇḍa of the Manthānabhairavatantra.—This group of nine Nātha Siddhas related to Gorakhanātha are venerated by his followers as nine founder figures. [...] Kṛṣṇānanda-nātha is associated with the birth-place called Pauṇḍra and is also known as Mārtāṇḍa-nātha (Kṛṣṇamārtāṇḍa) while Kṛṣṇa represents the name found in a series of mantras addressed to the nine nāthas.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
Source: archive.org: Hindu MathematicsMārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड) represents the number 12 (twelve) in the “word-numeral system” (bhūtasaṃkhyā), which was used in Sanskrit texts dealing with astronomy, mathematics, metrics, as well as in the dates of inscriptions and manuscripts in ancient Indian literature.—A system of expressing numbers by means of words arranged as in the place-value notation was developed and perfected in India in the early centuries of the Christian era. In this system the numerals [e.g., 12—mārtaṇḍa] are expressed by names of things, beings or concepts, which, naturally or in accordance with the teaching of the Śāstras, connote numbers.
Ganitashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, gaṇitaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)
Source: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)Mārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड) refers to the “meridian sun”, according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, [while discussing the treatment of hawks]: “In summer, when the air is heated by the terrible rays of the meridian sun (mārtaṇḍa-tāpa), the bare trees cannot afford shelter; stormy winds surcharged with dust blow on all sides; [...] then the season, like the forest fire, becomes intolerable to these birds [i.e., hawks], [...]. Therefore cooling processes should be now resorted to”.
This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Apam Napat: Indian MythologyMartanda is another name for the sun god Surya, who is also known as Vivasvant. He is one of the Adityas, or sons of Aditi. His name literally means 'dead-egg'. According to [R.V.10.72], he is the eigth son of Aditi, who she cast away (presumably because he was dead). Later, she brought him back to life and to die again.
In later texts, Martanda is exclusively identified with Surya and Vivasvant. For e.g. [Maha:1.75], B.P..
India history and geography
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryMārtaṇḍa.—(IE 7-1-2), ‘twelve.’ Note: mārtaṇḍa is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishmārtaṇḍa (मार्तंड).—m The sun.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryMārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड).—[mṛtādaṇḍājjāyate aṇ śakaṃ°]
1) The sun; अयं मार्तण्डः किं स खलु तुरगैः सप्तभिरितः (ayaṃ mārtaṇḍaḥ kiṃ sa khalu turagaiḥ saptabhiritaḥ) K. P.1; Uttararāmacarita 6.3; मारितं च यतः प्रोक्तमेतदण्डं त्वयोदितम् । तस्मान्मुने सुतस्तेऽयं मार्तण्डाख्यो भविष्यति (māritaṃ ca yataḥ proktametadaṇḍaṃ tvayoditam | tasmānmune sutaste'yaṃ mārtaṇḍākhyo bhaviṣyati) Mārk. P.
2) The Arka tree.
3) A hog.
4) The number twelve. (Also mārtāṇḍa).
Derivable forms: mārtaṇḍaḥ (मार्तण्डः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryMārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड).—i. e. mṛtaṇḍa + a, m. 1. The sun, [Uttara Rāmacarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 140, 9; [Rājataraṅgiṇī] 5, 153. 2. A hog.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryMārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड).—[masculine] the sun or the god of the [substantive] (cf. seq.).
--- OR ---
Mārtāṇḍa (मार्ताण्ड).—[masculine] bird, [especially] the bird in the sky i.e. the sun.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum1) Mārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—See Pratāpamārtaṇḍa, Prāyaścittamārtaṇḍa, Mantramārtaṇḍa, Muhūrtamārtaṇḍa, Rājamārtaṇḍa.
2) Mārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड):—śr. Oudh. Xix, 22.
3) Mārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड):—śr. Oudh. Xx, 8. Xxi, 20. Xxii, 34.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Mārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड):—m. (later form of martāṇḍa q.v.) the sun or the god of the sun, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa], etc. (often ifc. in titles of books; cf. chandoprameya-m etc.)
2) a statue of the sun-god, [Rājataraṅgiṇī]
3) Name of various authors (cf. [compound])
4) [plural] the Ādityas (and therefore a symbolical Name for the number ‘twelve’), [Śrutabodha]
5) a hog, boar, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) Mārtāṇḍa (मार्ताण्ड):—[from mārtaṇḍa] m. ([from] mṛtāṇḍa) ‘sprung from a (seemingly) lifeless egg’, a bird, [Ṛg-veda; Brāhmaṇa]
7) [v.s. ...] ‘bird in the sky’, the sun (= or [varia lectio] for, mārtaṇḍa), [Rājataraṅgiṇī]
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Mārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Mattaṃḍa, Māyaṃḍa.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusMārtaṃḍa (ಮಾರ್ತಂಡ):—[noun] the rival group, team or party.
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Mārtaṃḍa (ಮಾರ್ತಂಡ):—
1) [noun] the sun.
2) [noun] the Sun-God.
3) [noun] the plant Calotropis gigantea ( = C. procera) of Asciepiadaceae family; madar.
4) [noun] the thick-bodied, domesticated swine Sus Scrofa; a pig; a hog.
--- OR ---
Mārtāṃḍa (ಮಾರ್ತಾಂಡ):—[noun] = ಮಾರ್ತಂಡ [martamda]2 - 1 & 2.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryMārtaṇḍa (मार्तण्ड):—n. 1. the sun; 2. Bot. arka; blue madar; 3. → सुनामक्खी [sunāmakkhī]
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+1): Martamdapatha, Martanda mishra, Martanda somayajin, Martandadipika, Martandakoti, Martandakula, Martandamahatmya, Martandamandala, Martandamula, Martandanarasimha, Martandanatha, Martandanrisimha, Martandapratima, Martandarcana, Martandarcanacandrika, Martandashataka, Martandatapa, Martandatilakasvamin, Martandavallabha, Martandavarma.
Ends with (+16): Brihadrajamartanda, Chandomartanda, Chhandomartanda, Ganamartanda, Jaganmartanda, Jatakamartanda, Kalamartanda, Krishnamartanda, Kundamartanda, Mantramartanda, Muhurtabhuvanonmartanda, Muhurtamartanda, Nayamartanda, Nyayamartanda, Pakamartanda, Pracandamartanda, Prameyakamalamartanda, Prashnamartanda, Pratapamartanda, Praudhapratapamartanda.
Full-text (+69): Mayanda, Mritanda, Martand, Martandamandala, Prayashcittamartanda, Rajamartanda, Martamda, Martandashataka, Pratapamartanda, Martandavedoddhara, Martandamahatmya, Martandadipika, Martandapratima, Martanda mishra, Martanda somayajin, Martandatilakasvamin, Kalamartanda, Martandarcana, Cakshushmati, Kundamartanda.
Relevant text
Search found 53 books and stories containing Martanda, Mārtāṇḍa, Martamda, Mārtaṇḍa, Mārtaṃḍa, Mārtanḍa, Mārtāṃḍa; (plurals include: Martandas, Mārtāṇḍas, Martamdas, Mārtaṇḍas, Mārtaṃḍas, Mārtanḍas, Mārtāṃḍas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Vedic influence on the Sun-worship in the Puranas (by Goswami Mitali)
Sun-worship Vratas (35) Mārtaṇḍa-saptamī < [Chapter 5 - Rituals Related to the Sun-Worship in the Purāṇas]
Part 26 - The Ādityas < [Chapter 2 - Salient Traits of the Solar Divinities in the Veda]
Sun-worship Vratas (19) Trigati-saptamī < [Chapter 5 - Rituals Related to the Sun-Worship in the Purāṇas]
The Markandeya Purana (Study) (by Chandamita Bhattacharya)
1. The Birth of Sūrya (Mārtaṇḍa) < [Chapter 3]
Sun Worship and Mythology (Introduction) < [Chapter 3]
2. Description of Solar Family < [Chapter 3]
Sanskrit sources of Kerala history (by Suma Parappattoli)
7. Arthavimarsini by Vaikkathu Pachu Muttat < [Chapter 6 - Miscellaneous Sanskrit works bearing on Kerala history]
2. Balamartandavijaya by Devaraja-suri < [Chapter 5 - Sanskrit Dramas and Campus bearing on Kerala History]
15. Short Poems describing Kerala history < [Chapter 4 - Traces of Historical Facts from Sandesha Kavyas and Short poems]
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
Atmosphere, space, direction, etc. < [Chapter 5 - Aspects of Nature]
A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 3 (by Surendranath Dasgupta)
Part 22 - Raṅgācārya < [Chapter XX - Philosophy of the Rāmānuja School of Thought]
Part 7 - Veṅkaṭanātha’s treatment of pramāṇa < [Chapter XX - Philosophy of the Rāmānuja School of Thought]
Part 4 - Rāmānuja Literature < [Chapter XVIII - An Historical and Literary Survey of the Viśiṣṭādvaita School of Thought]
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