Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

अवज्ञानाद् राज्ञो भवति मति-हीनः परिजनस् ततस् तत्-प्रामाण्याद् भवति न समीपे बुध-जनः ।
बुधैस् त्यक्ते राज्ये न हि भवति नीतिर् गुणवती विपन्नायां नीतौ सकलम् अवशं सीदति जगत् ॥ ७७ ॥

avajñānād rājño bhavati mati-hīnaḥ parijanas tatas tat-prāmāṇyād bhavati na samīpe budha-janaḥ |
budhais tyakte rājye na hi bhavati nītir guṇavatī vipannāyāṃ nītau sakalam avaśaṃ sīdati jagat || 77 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.77 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.77). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Avajnana, Rajan, Bhavati, Bhavat, Bhavant, Mati, Hina, Parijana, Tatah, Tad, Tata, Tat, Pramanya, Samipa, Budha, Jana, Janas, Tyakta, Rajya, Niti, Gunavat, Gunavati, Vipanna, Nita, Sakala, Avasha, Sidat, Jagat,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.77). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “avajñānād rājño bhavati mati-hīnaḥ parijanas tatas tat-prāmāṇyād bhavati na samīpe budha-janaḥ
  • avajñānād -
  • avajñāna (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • rājño* -
  • rājan (noun, masculine)
    [accusative plural], [ablative single], [genitive single]
  • bhavati -
  • bhavatī (noun, feminine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    bhavat (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    bhavat (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    bhavant (pronoun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    bhavant (pronoun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    bhū (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • mati -
  • mati (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    mati (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    matī (noun, masculine)
    [adverb]
    matī (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [vocative single]
    matī (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • hīnaḥ -
  • hīna (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    -> hīna (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √ class 1 verb], [nominative single from √ class 3 verb]
  • parijanas -
  • parijana (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • tatas -
  • tataḥ (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    tataḥ (indeclinable correlative)
    [indeclinable correlative]
    tataḥ (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [ablative dual], [ablative plural]
    tata (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    tan -> tata (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √tan class 8 verb]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [ablative single], [ablative dual], [ablative plural]
    (noun, feminine)
    [ablative single], [ablative dual], [ablative plural]
  • tat -
  • tat (indeclinable correlative)
    [indeclinable correlative]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • prāmāṇyād -
  • prāmāṇya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • bhavati -
  • bhavatī (noun, feminine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    bhavat (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    bhavat (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    bhavant (pronoun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    bhavant (pronoun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    bhū (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • samīpe -
  • samīpa (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    samīpa (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    samīpā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
  • budha -
  • budha (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    budha (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • janaḥ -
  • janas (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    jana (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • Line 2: “budhais tyakte rājye na hi bhavati nītir guṇavatī vipannāyāṃ nītau sakalam avaśaṃ sīdati jagat
  • budhais -
  • budha (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental plural]
    budha (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental plural]
  • tyakte -
  • tyakta (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    tyakta (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    tyaktā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    tyaj -> tyakta (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √tyaj class 1 verb]
    tyaj -> tyakta (participle, neuter)
    [nominative dual from √tyaj class 1 verb], [vocative dual from √tyaj class 1 verb], [accusative dual from √tyaj class 1 verb], [locative single from √tyaj class 1 verb]
    tyaj -> tyaktā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative dual from √tyaj class 1 verb], [vocative single from √tyaj class 1 verb], [vocative dual from √tyaj class 1 verb], [accusative dual from √tyaj class 1 verb]
  • rājye -
  • rājya (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    rājya (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    rājyā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    rāj -> rājya (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √rāj class 1 verb], [locative single from √rāj]
    rāj -> rājya (participle, neuter)
    [nominative dual from √rāj class 1 verb], [vocative dual from √rāj class 1 verb], [accusative dual from √rāj class 1 verb], [locative single from √rāj class 1 verb], [nominative dual from √rāj], [vocative dual from √rāj], [accusative dual from √rāj], [locative single from √rāj]
    rāj -> rājyā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative dual from √rāj class 1 verb], [vocative single from √rāj class 1 verb], [vocative dual from √rāj class 1 verb], [accusative dual from √rāj class 1 verb], [nominative dual from √rāj], [vocative single from √rāj], [vocative dual from √rāj], [accusative dual from √rāj]
    rāj (verb class 1)
    [present passive first single]
    rāj (verb class 0)
    [present passive first single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • hi -
  • hi (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
  • bhavati -
  • bhavatī (noun, feminine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    bhavat (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    bhavat (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    bhavant (pronoun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    bhavant (pronoun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    bhū (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • nītir -
  • nīti (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • guṇavatī -
  • guṇavatī (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [nominative single]
    guṇavat (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
  • vipannāyām -
  • vipannā (noun, feminine)
    [locative single]
  • nītau -
  • nīta (noun, masculine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    nīti (noun, feminine)
    [locative single]
    -> nīta (participle, masculine)
    [nominative dual from √ class 1 verb], [vocative dual from √ class 1 verb], [accusative dual from √ class 1 verb]
  • sakalam -
  • sakala (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    sakala (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    sakalā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • avaśam -
  • avaśa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    avaśa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    avaśā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    vaś (verb class 1)
    [imperfect active first single]
    vaś (verb class 2)
    [imperfect active first single]
  • sīdati -
  • sad -> sīdat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √sad class 1 verb]
    sad -> sīdat (participle, neuter)
    [locative single from √sad class 1 verb]
    sad (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • jagat -
  • jagat (noun, masculine)
    [compound]
    jagat (noun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.77

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 2.77 in Gujarati sript:
અવજ્ઞાનાદ્ રાજ્ઞો ભવતિ મતિ-હીનઃ પરિજનસ્ તતસ્ તત્-પ્રામાણ્યાદ્ ભવતિ ન સમીપે બુધ-જનઃ ।
બુધૈસ્ ત્યક્તે રાજ્યે ન હિ ભવતિ નીતિર્ ગુણવતી વિપન્નાયાં નીતૌ સકલમ્ અવશં સીદતિ જગત્ ॥ ૭૭ ॥

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