Jagat: 22 definitions
Introduction:
Jagat means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Jagat (जगत्) refers to the “universe” (which at one time was ruled over by the Asura named Śaṅkhacūḍa), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.28 (“The penance and marriage of Śaṅkhacūḍa”).—Accordingly, [after Śaṅkhacūḍa and the Asuras conquered the Gods in battle]: “[...] The gods thus vanquished took shelter in the caves of the mountains. They lost their independence. They were subjugated. They lost their lustre like the frozen sea. Thus [Śaṃkhacūḍa,] the son of Dambha, the valorous leader of the Dānavas, conquered all the worlds and took up the powers of the gods. He kept the three worlds under his control. He partook of all the shares in sacrifices. He became Indra and ruled the universe (jagat). [...]”.
Jagat (जगत्).—The universe as issuing from the mind and body of Brahmā;1 Agniṣomātmakam2 born of Viṣṇu and abides in Viṣṇu.3 Spatial description of; its relation to Īśvara and other creations.4
- 1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa III. 12. 27.
- 2) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 72. 50; Vāyu-purāṇa 97. 51.
- 3) Viṣṇu-purāṇa I. 1. 4, 31.
- 4) Vāyu-purāṇa 49. 156-86.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Jagat (जगत्) refers to the “world”, according to the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 2.22cd-28ab]—“[...] That is supreme strength, that is supreme amṛt. The highest of splendors is highest light of light. The divine Lord is the supreme cause of all the world (jagat—sarvasya jagato). The creator, supporter, and destroyer are not as strong as this. This receptacle of mantras is the word of all perfections and characteristics [...]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Jagat (जगत्) refers to the “world”, according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Janaka says to Aṣṭavakra]: “Truly I am spotless and at peace, the awareness beyond natural causality. All this time I have been afflicted by delusion. As I alone give light to this body, so I do to the world (jagat) [yathā prakāśayāmyeko dehamenaṃ tathā jagat], As a result the whole world (jagat-sarva) is mine, or alternatively nothing is [ato mama jagatsarvamathavā na ca kiñcana]. So now abandoning the body and everything else, by some good fortune or other my true self becomes apparent. [...]”.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Jagat (जगत्) refers to “living beings”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[...] The Bodhisattva Gaganagañja then sustained the jewel-canopy of ten thousand yojanas high over the Lord’s lion throne in the sky, joined the palms of his hands, saluted, and praised the Lord with these suitable verses: ‘[...] (5) When you teach your practice (caryā) to living beings (jagat), there is no change in the body of the Sugata. But still, you teach in a manner in accordance with the power of retaining [in memory], the thinking, the qualities, characteristics and behavior (īryāpatha) [of you listeners]. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Jagat (जगत्) refers to the “(three) worlds”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Fool , having formed a delight in pleasure which is produced by the objects of the senses [and is] continually transitory, the three worlds [com.—jagattraya] are destroyed”.
Synonyms: Buvana.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Jagat.—(IE 7-1-2), ‘three’. Note: jagat is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Jagat, (nt.) (Vedic jagat, intens. of gam, see gacchati) the world, the earth A. II, 15, 17 (jagato gati); S. I, 186 (jagatogadha plunged into the world). (Page 277)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
jagat (जगत्).—n S The whole world, the universe. 2 The earth or its inhabitants; man or his world.
jagat (जगत्).—n The universe; the earth or its inhabitants.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Jagat (जगत्).—a. (-tī f.)
1) Moving, movable; सूर्य आत्मा जगतस्तस्थुषश्च (sūrya ātmā jagatastasthuṣaśca) Ṛgveda 1.115.1; इदं विश्वं जगत्सर्वमजगच्चापि यद्भवेत् (idaṃ viśvaṃ jagatsarvamajagaccāpi yadbhavet) Mb. -m. Wind, air. -n. The world, the universe; जगतः पितरौ वन्दे पार्वतीपरमेश्वरो (jagataḥ pitarau vande pārvatīparameśvaro) R.1.1.
2) 'The world of the soul', body; Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 5.2.
3) A multitude of animals. ...... स्याज्जगद्विष्टपे पुमान् । इङ्गे वायौ ना जङ्गमे मृगषण्डेऽ प्ययं त्रिषु (syājjagadviṣṭape pumān | iṅge vāyau nā jaṅgame mṛgaṣaṇḍe' pyayaṃ triṣu) | Nm.
-tī (dual) Heaven and the lower world.
Jagat (जगत्).—mfn. (-gan-gatī-gat) Moveable, loco-motive, transitory, nf. (-t-tī) The world, the universe. m. (-t) Air, wind. f. (-tī) 1. The earth. 2. people, mankind. 3. A sort of metre, a stanza of forty-eight syllables variously disposed so as to form thirty varieties. 4. A field of Jambu flowers. E. gam to go, Unadi affix ati, jaga substituted for the root, and ṅīp fem. affix, or gam as before, and śatṛ aff.
Jagat (जगत्).— (i. e. an old ptcple. of the pres. of vb. gam, ii. 3), I. adj. Moveable, Mahābhārata 12, 12465. Ii. n. 1. Race of men, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 7, 22. 2. The world, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 1, 52; dual, jagatī, Heaven and earth, [Kirātārjunīya] 5, 20. Iii. f. tī, 1. The earth, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 1, 100. 2. The world, [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 69, 11. 3. The name of a metre, [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 3, 12, 45.
Jagat (जगत्).—[adjective] moving, alive. [masculine] [plural] men; [feminine] jagatī a female animal, the earth or world, [Name] of a metre; [neuter] what moves or is alive, men and (or) animals, the earth, world or universe, [dual] heaven and the lower world.
1) Jagat (जगत्):—[from jaga] mfn. (√gam [reduplicated] [Pāṇini 3-2, 178], [vArttika] 3) moving, movable, locomotive, living, [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] (= jāgata) composed in the Jagatī metre, [Ṛg-veda i, 164, 23; ṢaḍvBr. i, 4; Lāṭyāyana i, 8, 9]
3) [v.s. ...] m. air, wind, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] m. [plural] people, mankind, [Rājataraṅgiṇī (C) iii, 494]
5) [v.s. ...] n. that which moves or is alive, men and animals, animals as opposed to men, men ([Naighaṇṭuka, commented on by Yāska ii, 3]), [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda] etc. (to madhye, ‘within everybody’s sight’ [Rāmāyaṇa vii, 97, 1; 5 and 10])
6) [v.s. ...] the world, [especially] this world, earth, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Manu-smṛti] etc.
7) [v.s. ...] the Jagatī metre, [Ṛg-veda i, 164, 25]
8) [v.s. ...] Name of a Sāman See - sāman
9) [v.s. ...] n. [dual number] heaven and the lower world, [Kirātārjunīya v, 20]
10) [v.s. ...] n. [plural] the worlds (= gat-traya), [Prabodha-candrodaya i, 10]
11) [v.s. ...] people, mankind, [Kāvyaprakāśa x, 50/51] ([Sāhitya-darpaṇa] and, [Kuvalayānanda])
12) [v.s. ...] [according to] to some also ‘a river’, [Ṛg-veda x, 75, 2]
Jagat (जगत्):—[(t-tī)] 5. n. 3. f. The world. m. Air, wind. f. Earth; mankind. a. Moveable, transitory.
Jagat (जगत्):—
--- OR ---
Jagat (जगत्):—
1) jagati in der Welt [Spr. 3161.] jagadetaccarācaram [WEBER, Rāmatāpanīya Upaniṣad 289.] jagatsu [356.] maheśvare jagatāmadhīśvera [Spr. 2159.] jagato madhye so v. a. vor Aller Augen [Rāmāyaṇa 7, 97, 1. 5. 10.] jaganti die Menschen [Spr. 1157.] jagataḥ masc. dass. [2178.] —
2) [Ṛgveda 1, 164, 25.] [LĀṬY. 1, 8, 9.] —
5) b) jagatītala Erdboden [SARVADARŚANAS. 39, 12], wo zu lesen ist kaphamūtramalaprāye nirjantujagatītale . — c) [?Z. 2 lies Vaijayantī Stenzler VAIG.] — d) = rājapradhānaloka die Menschen mit dem Fürsten oben an [Halāyudha 5, 8.]
--- OR ---
Jagat (जगत्):—
5) f) jagatyanūnā bhavati hi rucirā [Patañjali] [?a. a. O.8,39,b.]
Jagat (जगत्):——
1) Adj. — a) beweglich , lebendig. — b) im Metrum Jagatī. abgefasst. —
2) m. — a) Pl. die Menschen [Indische sprüche 4812.] — b) *Wind. —
3) f. jagatī — a) ein weibliches Thier. — b) die Erde. — c) *der Platz , auf dem ein Haus steht. — d) *die Menschen , der Fürst mit seinen Unterthanen. — e) die Welt , Weltall. — f) ein best. Metrum von 4x12 Silben. — g) jedes aus 4x12 Silben bestehende Metrum. — h) Bez. der Zahl 48 — i) ein best. Backstein. — k) *ein mit Jambū bestandenes Feld. —
4) n. — a) das Bewegliche , Lebendige , Menschen und Thiere ; oft von den Thieren allein im Unterschied vom Menschen , aber auch von den Menschen allein. jagato madhye so v.a. vor aller Augen. — b) die Welt , insbes. diese Welt , die Erde. — c) Du. Himmel und Unterwelt. — d) = 3)f).
Jagat (जगत्) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Jaga, Jaya.
Jagat (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 時俗 [shí sú]: “people of the world of that time”.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Jagat in Hindi refers in English to:—(nm) the world, universe; (nf) a raised circular curb (around a well); ~[guru] ([jagadguru]) a title of certain Hindu scholarly priests (4 in number); preceptor of the universe; ~[pati] master of the universe—God; ~[pita] Creator of the universe; ~[prasiddha] world renowned, of world fame..—jagat (जगत) is alternatively transliterated as Jagata.
...
Nepali dictionary
Jagat (जगत्):—n. 1. moving/moveable world; 2. the world; the universe; 3. the word for group of similar things;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+22): Jagaccakra, Jagacchandrika, Jagacchitra, Jagaccitta, Jagadacara, Jagadadhara, Jagadadhipati, Jagadadi, Jagadadija, Jagadakhila, Jagadamba, Jagadambika, Jagadananda, Jagadankura, Jagadantaka, Jagadapyaya, Jagadartha, Jagadarthavat, Jagadatmaka, Jagadatman.
Full-text (+298): Jagannatha, Jagadisha, Jagadguru, Jagaddhatri, Jagadishvara, Jaganmatri, Jagatpati, Jagadamba, Jagannivasa, Trijagat, Jagatprana, Jagattraya, Jagadvinasha, Jagatkartri, Jagadyoni, Jagadadhara, Jagadatman, Jagatsakshin, Jagatsrashtri, Jagatkarana.
Relevant text
Search found 193 books and stories containing Jagat, Jagaat; (plurals include: Jagats, Jagaats). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Studies in Indian Literary History (by P. K. Gode)
26. Vishvanatha Vaidya, the Author of the Kosakalpataru < [Volume 2 (1954)]
23. Vastu-shiromani, a work on Architecture by Samkara < [Volume 3 (1956)]
24. The Contact of Bhattoji Diksita < [Volume 3 (1956)]
Cidgaganacandrika (study) (by S. Mahalakshmi)
Verse 196-200 [Reflection by Śakti in Ardhabindu, a cup-shaped mirror] < [Chapter 4 - Fourth Vimarśa]
Verse 208-210 [Śakti shines as Anubhava and Smṛti] < [Chapter 4 - Fourth Vimarśa]
Verse 193 [Śakti as Māyā projects the limitations in manifestation] < [Chapter 4 - Fourth Vimarśa]
Bhagavad-gita (with Vaishnava commentaries) (by Narayana Gosvami)
Verse 10.15 < [Chapter 10 - Vibhūti-yoga (appreciating the opulences of the Supreme Lord)]
Verse 11.7 < [Chapter 11 - Viśvarūpa-darśana-yoga (beholding the Lord’s Universal Form)]
Verse 11.30 < [Chapter 11 - Viśvarūpa-darśana-yoga (beholding the Lord’s Universal Form)]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 8.13.118 < [Chapter 13 - A Thousand Names of Lord Balarāma]
Verse 8.13.119 < [Chapter 13 - A Thousand Names of Lord Balarāma]
Verse 4.11.7 < [Chapter 11 - The Story of the Gopīs that were Residents of...]
Sanskrit Words In Southeast Asian Languages (by Satya Vrat Shastri)