Upashama, Upasama, Upaśama: 14 definitions
Introduction
Introduction:
Upashama means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Upaśama can be transliterated into English as Upasama or Upashama, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: archive.org: Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)Upaśama (उपशम) refers to “assuagement”, as mentioned in verse 4.33-34 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā (Sūtrasthāna) by Vāgbhaṭa.—Accordingly, “[...] avoidance of offences against wisdom, assuagement of the senses [viz., indriya-upaśama], awareness, knowledge of region, season, and constitution, (and) imitation of the conduct of sages: this method (has been) taught in brief for the non-arising of endogenous and accidental diseases and for the alleviation of (those which have) arisen”.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: Jaina YogaUpaśama (उपशम, “tranquility”) refers to an aspect of samyaktva (right belief) classified under the guṇa, while its synonym śama falls under the liṅga heading, according to various Jain authors (e.g., Cāmuṇḍarāya, Amitagati and Vasunandin). Hemacandra, in his 12th century Yogaśāstra verse 2.15 takes upaśama or śama to imply the stilling of the kaṣāyas.
Source: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraUpaśama (उपशम) refers to the “subsidence (of karma)”, according to chapter 1.1 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra (“lives of the 63 illustrious persons”): a Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three important persons in Jainism.
Accordingly,
“[...] Vajranābha instantly became completely acquainted with the ocean of scriptures, just as if the twelve aṅgas visible to the eye had become combined in one living body. Bāhu and the others were learned in eleven aṅgas. For the wealth of merit is varied in accordance with the variation in destruction (kṣaya) and subsidence (upaśama) of karma”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryupasama : (m.) calmness; appeasement.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryUpasama, (Sk. upaśama, upa + śam) calm, quiet, appeasement, allaying, assuagement, tranquillizing Vin I 10 = S. IV, 331 = V. 421 (in frequent phrase upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati; see nibbāna III, 7); D. I, 50; III, 130 sq. , 136 sq. , 229 (as one of the 4 objects of adhiṭṭhāna, viz. paññā° sacca° cāga° upasama°); M. I, 67; III, 246; S. I, 30, 34 (sīlena), 46 citta-v-ûpasama), 48, 55; II, 223, 277; III, 86 (saṅkhārānaṃ ... v-ūpasamo) D. II, 157; S. I, 158 (see vūpasama and saṅkhāra); (ariyaṃ maggaṃ dukkh°-gāminaṃ); IV, 62, 331; V, 65 (avūpasama), 179, 234 (°gāmin), 378 sq.; A. I, 3 (avūpasama), 30, 42; II, 14 (vitakk°); III, 325 sq.; V, 216, 238 sq.; Sn. 257, 724, 735, 737; It. 18 (dukkh°) 83; Dh. 205; Nd1 351; J. I, 97; Ps. I, 95; Miln. 170, 248; Vism. 197 (°ânussati); Sdhp. 587. Cp. vi° (vū°). (Page 147)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryupaśama (उपशम).—m S upaśānti f S Assuagement, mitigation, abatement (as of anger, pain, fever): tranquillity or calmness after excitement. Ex. māyēśīṃ hōya upaśānti || kēvaḷa urē jñapti || Let but māyā (Illusion) subside or cease, there will remain Pure knowledge or truth.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishupaśama (उपशम).—m upaśānti f Assuagement, mitigation, abatement.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryUpaśama (उपशम).—
1) Becoming quiet, assuagement, pacification; कुतोऽस्या उपशमः (kuto'syā upaśamaḥ) Ve.3; मन्युर्दुःसह एष यात्युपशमं नो सान्त्ववादैः स्फुटम् (manyurduḥsaha eṣa yātyupaśamaṃ no sāntvavādaiḥ sphuṭam) Amaru.6; cessation, stopping, extinction.
2) Relaxation, intermission.
3) Tranquility, calmness, patience; उपशमशीलाः परमर्षयः (upaśamaśīlāḥ paramarṣayaḥ) Bhāg.5.4.27. उपशमायनेषु स्वतनयेषु (upaśamāyaneṣu svatanayeṣu) Bhāg.5.1.29. ज्ञानस्योपशमः (jñānasyopaśamaḥ) Bh.2.82.
4) Control or restraint of the senses.
5) (in Astrono.) Name of the twentieth Muhūrta.
Derivable forms: upaśamaḥ (उपशमः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryUpaśama (उपशम).—m.
(-maḥ) 1. Tranquillity, calmness, patience. 2. Intermission, cessation. E. upa much, śam to be tranquil, ap aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryUpaśama (उपशम).—[upa-śam + a], m. 1. Ceasing, Mahābhārata 1, 758. 2. Calmness, [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 2, 80.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryUpaśama (उपशम).—[masculine] coming to rest, cessation, tranquillity.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Upaśama (उपशम):—[=upa-śama] [from upa-śam] m. the becoming quiet, assuagement, alleviation, stopping, cessation, relaxation, intermission, [Māṇḍūkya-upaniṣad, 12 mantra; Prabodha-candrodaya; Pañcatantra] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] tranquillity of mind, calmness, patience, [Mahābhārata iii; Bhartṛhari; Śāntiśataka]
3) [v.s. ...] (in [astronomy]) Name of the twentieth Muhūrta.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Upasamana, Upashamaka, Upashamakshaya, Upashamaniya, Upashamaprakarana, Upashamarya, Upashamashila, Upashamavant, Upashamavat, Upashamayana.
Ends with: Indriyopashama, Kshayopashama, Rogopashama, Vastupashama, Vyadhyupashama, Vyupashama.
Full-text (+16): Upashamakshaya, Vyupashama, Vyadhyupashama, Aupashamika, Rogopashama, Upashamavat, Upashamashila, Upashamayana, Upasamana, Upashanti, Bhayopashama, Adhitthana, Upashamavant, Upasamash, Opasamika, Sama, Sankharupasama, Cagadhitthana, Kshayopashama, Samvartanaka.
Relevant text
Search found 8 books and stories containing Upashama, Upasama, Upaśama, Upa-shama, Upa-śama, Upa-sama; (plurals include: Upashamas, Upasamas, Upaśamas, shamas, śamas, samas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4 (by Vihari-Lala Mitra)
Book V - Upasama khanda (upashama khanda)
Chapter XXXVII - Upasama: the sameness or quietism of the soul < [Book IV - Sthiti prakarana (sthiti prakarana)]
Chapter CXCVII - Excellence of universal toleration < [Book VII - Nirvana prakarana part 2 (nirvana prakarana)]
Abhidhamma in Daily Life (by Ashin Janakabhivamsa) (by Ashin Janakabhivamsa)
Part 6 - What Is Nibbána? < [Chapter 11 - Planes Of Existence]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
I. Lists of recollections (anusmṛti or anussati) < [Preliminary note on the Eight Recollections]
Part 4 - Conclusion (1): Preliminary Note < [Chapter LII - Elimination of the Triple Poison]
Emptiness 1-3: Inner, Outer and both Inner and Outer < [Chapter XLVIII - The Eighteen Emptinesses]
Preceptors of Advaita (by T. M. P. Mahadevan)
The Great Chronicle of Buddhas (by Ven. Mingun Sayadaw)
Part 12 - What is The Synopsis of The Pāramīs < [Chapter 7 - On Miscellany]
Biography (2): Anāthapiṇḍika, The Rich Man < [Chapter 45a - The Life Stories of Male Lay Disciples]
Part 6e - Reflective Knowledge (Paccavekkhana Ñāṇa) < [Chapter 7 - On Miscellany]
The Mahavastu (great story) (by J. J. Jones)
Chapter VIII - The first Bhūmi < [Volume I]