Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)

by Vijay K. Jain | 2018 | 130,587 words | ISBN-10: 8193272625 | ISBN-13: 9788193272626

Summary: The English translation of the Tattvartha Sutra by Umaswami (Umasvati) which contains the essence of Jainism and deals with Jain dharma in 357 sutras. Topics include Ethics (right faith), Karma, Cosmology (loka—lower, middle and upper worlds), Celestial Beings and Liberation.

The Tattvarthasutra is one of the most ancient texts accepted among both major sects (i.e., Shvetambara and Digambara). This edition includes an English translation of the Sarvarthasiddhi and a Hindi Anvayarth.

Alternative titles: Tattvārthasūtra (तत्त्वार्थसूत्र), Tattvārtha-sūtra (तत्त्वार्थ-सूत्र), Ācārya Umāsvāmī (आचार्य उमास्वामी, Acarya Umasvami, Acharya), Pūjyapāda Sarvārthasiddhi (आचार्य पूज्यपाद सर्वार्थसिद्धि, Pujyapada), Umāsvāti (उमास्वाति, Umasvati).

Copyright:
This work may be reproduced, translated and published in any language without any special permission provided that it is true to the original.

Source 1: exoticindiaart.com
Source 2: academia.edu

Contents of this online book ( + / - )

The full text of the Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary) in English is available here and publically accesible (free to read online). Of course, I would always recommend buying the book so you get the latest edition. You can see all this book’s content by visiting the pages in the below index:

Divine Blessings

Foreword by Dr. Chakravarthi Nainar Devakumar

Preface (Ācārya Umāsvāmī’s Tattvārthasūtra)

Preface (Ācārya Pūjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi)

Preface (Ācārya Vidyānanda)

Preface (Professor S.A. Jain)

Preface (Dr. Chakravarthi Nainar Devakumar)

Preface (Dr. Veersagar Jain)

Acknowledgement

Vijay K. Jain — Biographical note

Svayambhūstotra 10.1.46 (quote)

Pravacanasāra 1.86 (quote)

+ Chapter 1 - Right Faith and Knowledge

. Verse 1.1 - Right faith, right knowledge and right conduct

. Verse 1.2 - Right faith (samyagdarśana)

. Verse 1.3 - Attainment of right faith

. Verse 1.4 - The reality (‘tattva’)

. Verse 1.5 - Avoid deviation from established conventions

. Verse 1.6 - Attainment of knowledge of the seven categories

. Verse 1.7 - Another method of ascertaining knowledge (of seven categories)

. Verse 1.8 - Further means of ascertaining knowledge (of seven categories)

. Verse 1.9 - Right knowledge (samyagjñāna)

. Verse 1.10 - Two types of pramāṇa (valid knowledge)

. Verse 1.11 - Parokṣa (indirect knowledge )

. Verse 1.12 - Pratyakṣa (direct knowledge)

. Verse 1.13 - Synonyms of sensory-knowledge (matijñāna)

. Verse 1.14 - Cause of sensory-knowledge

. Verse 1.15 - The four stages of sensory knowledge

. Verse 1.16 - Twelve kinds of impression (avagraha)

. Verse 1.17 - The attributes of impression

. Verse 1.18 - There is only impression

. Verse 1.19 - Indistinct impression (vyañjanāvagraha)

. Verse 1.20 - Scriptural knowledge (śrutajñāna)

. Verse 1.21 - Clairvoyance based on birth

. Verse 1.22 - Clairvoyance due to destruction-cum-subsidence

. Verse 1.23 - Two kinds of telepathy (manaḥparyayajñāna)

. Verse 1.24 - Differences between the two kinds of telepathy

. Verse 1.25 - Difference between telepathy and clairvoyance

. Verse 1.26 - The range of sensory knowledge (matijñāna)

. Verse 1.27 - The subject matter of clairvoyance (avadhijñāna)

. Verse 1.28 - The scope of telepathy

. Verse 1.29 - The range or the subject matter of omniscience (kevalajñāna)

. Verse 1.30 - Knowledge arising from their respective instrumental causes

. Verse 1.31 - Erroneous knowledge (viparyaya)

. Verse 1.32 - Wrong knowledge is whimsical

. Verse 1.33 - Standpoints (naya) of Pramāṇa

+ Chapter 2 - Category of the Living

. Verse 2.1 - Distinctive characteristics of the soul (jīva)

. Verse 2.2 - Various kinds of disposition (bhāva)

. Verse 2.3 - Two kinds of subsidential disposition (aupaśamika-bhāva)

. Verse 2.4 - Nine kinds of destructional disposition (kṣāyika-bhāva)

. Verse 2.5 - Eighteen kinds of kṣāyopaśamika-bhāva

. Verse 2.6 - Twenty-one kinds of audāyika-bhāva

. Verse 2.7 - Three kinds of pāriṇāmika-bhāva

. Verse 2.8 - Cognition is the mark of the soul

. Verse 2.9 - Two kinds of cognition (upayoga)

. Verse 2.10 - Two classifications of souls

. Verse 2.11 - Two kinds of transmigrating souls

. Verse 2.12 - Another classification of transmigrating souls

. Verse 2.13 - One-sensed beings (sthāvara)

. Verse 2.14 - The ‘trasa’ beings

. Verse 2.15 - Five kinds of senses (indriya)

. Verse 2.16 - Subdivisions of the senses

. Verse 2.17 - The physical-sense (dravyendriya)

. Verse 2.18 - The psychical-sense (bhāvendriya)

. Verse 2.19 - The names of the five senses (indriya)

. Verse 2.20 - The objects of the five senses (indriya)

. Verse 2.21 - The province of the mind (mana)

. Verse 2.22 - The possessor of the sense of touch (sparśa)

. Verse 2.23 - The possessors of the remaining four senses

. Verse 2.24 - Two classes of the five-sensed beings

. Verse 2.25 - Transit from one body to another (vigraha-gati)

. Verse 2.26 - The lines or rows of successive space-points (śreṇī)

. Verse 2.27 - Movement without a bend (avigraha)

. Verse 2.28 - Movement with bend (vigraha)

. Verse 2.29 - Time required for movement without bend

. Verse 2.30 - Passage from one birth to another

. Verse 2.31 - The different kinds of birth (janman)

. Verse 2.32 - The kinds of seats-of-birth (yoni)

. Verse 2.33 - Three kinds uterine birth (garbha-janma)

. Verse 2.34 - Birth in special beds (upapāda-janma)

. Verse 2.35 - Birth by pontaneous generation (sammūrcchana-janma)

. Verse 2.36 - five types of bodies (śarīra)

. Verse 2.37 - Subtle bodies (sūkṣma)

. Verse 2.38 - Atoms or pace-points (pradeśa)

. Verse 2.39 - Bodies having infinite-fold space-points

. Verse 2.40 - Bodies that are without obstruction

. Verse 2.41 - Beginningless association with the soul

. Verse 2.42 - Transmigratory souls

. Verse 2.43 - Four bodies can be attained simultaneously

. Verse 2.44 - Means of enjoyment (upabhoga)

. Verse 2.45 - The gross body (audārika)

. Verse 2.46 - The transformable body (vaikriyika)

. Verse 2.47 - Attainment of the transformable body (vaikriyika)

. Verse 2.48 - The luminous body (taijasa)

. Verse 2.49 - The projectable body (āhāraka)

. Verse 2.50 - Neuter-sex (napuṃsaka)

. Verse 2.51 - The celestial beings are not neuter-sex

. Verse 2.52 - The three sexes (signs–veda)

. Verse 2.53 - The lifetime of beings

+ Chapter 3 - The Lower World and the Middle World

. Verse 3.1 - The lower world (adholoka)

. Verse 3.2 - Infernal abodes (naraka)

. Verse 3.3 - Infernal beings (nārakī)

. Verse 3.4 - Distress caused to infernal beings

. Verse 3.5 - The incitement of malevolent Asurakumāra

. Verse 3.6 - The maximum duration of life in the seven infernal regions

. Verse 3.7 - The transverse world (tiryagloka)

. Verse 3.8 - The successive extension of continents and oceans

. Verse 3.9 - Position, shape and extension of Jambūdvīpa

. Verse 3.10 - The seven divisions of Jambūdvīpa

. Verse 3.11 - The six mountain chains

. Verse 3.12 - The colours of the mountain chains

. Verse 3.13 - Further details of the mountain chains

. Verse 3.14 - The lakes situated on top of the mountain chains

. Verse 3.15 - The size and shape of the first lake

. Verse 3.16 - The depth of the first lake

. Verse 3.17 - The lotus in the middle of the first lake

. Verse 3.18 - The dimensions of the other lakes and lotuses

. Verse 3.19 - The nymphs (devī) living in lotuses

. Verse 3.20 - The rivers dividing the regions

. Verse 3.21 - The direction of the first of each pair of rivers

. Verse 3.22 - The direction of the remaining rivers

. Verse 3.23 - The tributaries of the rivers

. Verse 3.24 - The width of the region Bharata

. Verse 3.25 - The width of the remaining regions

. Verse 3.26 - The mountains and the regions in the north of Videha

. Verse 3.27 - The rise (regeneration) and fall (degeneration)

. Verse 3.28 - The nature of the other regions

. Verse 3.29 - The duration of life in the other regions

. Verse 3.30 - The condition in the regions of the north

. Verse 3.31 - The duration of life in the five Videha regions

. Verse 3.32 - The extent of Bharata

. Verse 3.33 - The regions in Dhātakīkhaṇḍa

. Verse 3.34 - The regions and mountains in the nearest half of Puṣkaradvīpa

. Verse 3.35 - The the mountain range of Mānuṣottara

. Verse 3.36 - Two kinds of human beings

. Verse 3.37 - The regions of labour (karmabhūmi)

. Verse 3.38 - The maximum and minimum lifetime of the human beings

. Verse 3.39 - The lifetimes of subhuman beings

+ Chapter 4 - The Celestial Beings

. Verse 4.1 - The four kinds of celestial beings (deva)

. Verse 4.2 - The thought-colouration of the first three classes of celestial beings

. Verse 4.3 - The subclasses of the celestial beings

. Verse 4.4 - Ten grades of celestial beings

. Verse 4.5 - Exceptions in the grades of celestial beings

. Verse 4.6 - The two lords (indra)

. Verse 4.7 - The pleasures of the celestial beings

. Verse 4.8 - Pleasures of the deva beyond the Aiśāna kalpa

. Verse 4.9 - Pleasures of the rest

. Verse 4.10 - The subclasses of the residential beings (bhavanavāsī-deva)

. Verse 4.11 - The subclasses of the peripatetic beings (vyantara-deva)

. Verse 4.12 - The subclasses of the stellar beings (jyotiṣka-deva)

. Verse 4.13 - The movement of the luminary beings (jyotiṣī-deva)

. Verse 4.14 - The divisions of time (kāla-vibhāga)

. Verse 4.15 - The luminary deva outside the human region (manuṣyaloka)

. Verse 4.16 - The heavenly beings (vaimānika-deva)

. Verse 4.17 - The two divisions of Vaimānika-deva

. Verse 4.18 - The kalpa are one above the other

. Verse 4.19 - The sixteen Kalpa, nine Graiveyaka and five Anuttara

. Verse 4.20 - The characteristics of the Vaimānika deva

. Verse 4.21 - Motion, stature, attachment and pride

. Verse 4.22 - Thought-colouration of the fourth class of Deva

. Verse 4.23 - Prior to the Graiveyaka are the Kalpa

. Verse 4.24 - Those who have the Brahmaloka as their abode

. Verse 4.25 - The divisions of the Laukāntika deva

. Verse 4.26 - Two final births

. Verse 4.27 - The abode of subhumans (tiryañca)

. Verse 4.28 - The lifetimes of the deva

. Verse 4.29 - Lifetime in the first two Kalpa among the heavenly beings

. Verse 4.30 - Lifetime in the next two Kalpa

. Verse 4.31 - Lifetimes of Deva from Brahmaloka to Acyuta kalpa

. Verse 4.32 - Lifetimes of remaining Deva

. Verse 4.33 - The minimum lifetime in Saudharma and Aiśāna kalpa

. Verse 4.34 - The minimum lifetime of the rest

. Verse 4.35 - Lifetime from the second infernal region onwards

. Verse 4.36 - The minimum lifetime in the first earth

. Verse 4.37 - The minimum lifetime of the residential beings (bhavanavāsī-deva)

. Verse 4.38 - The minimum lifetime of the peripatetic beings (vyantara-deva)

. Verse 4.39 - The maximum lifetime of the peripatetic beings (vyantara-deva)

. Verse 4.40 - The maximum lifetime of the stellar beings (jyotiṣka-deva)

. Verse 4.41 - The minimum lifetime of the stellar beings (jyotiṣka-deva)

. Verse 4.42 - The lifetime of all Laukāntika deva

+ Chapter 5 - The Non-living Substances

. Verse 5.1 - The non-soul substances (ajīva-kāya)

. Verse 5.2 - Classification of substances (dravya)

. Verse 5.3 - The souls also are substances

. Verse 5.4 - The special characteristics of substances

. Verse 5.5 - Things which have form constitute the matter (pudgala)

. Verse 5.6 - Divisions of other substances

. Verse 5.7 - Substances without-movement (niṣkriya)

. Verse 5.8 - The extent of space-points (pradeśa)

. Verse 5.9 - The substance of space (ākāśa-dravya)

. Verse 5.10 - The space-points of material substance

. Verse 5.11 - Absence of space-points in the indivisible atom (paramāṇu)

. Verse 5.12 - The universe-space (lokākāśa)

. Verse 5.13 - All-pervasiveness (kṛtsna)

. Verse 5.14 - Occupation of the forms of matter (pudgala)

. Verse 5.15 - The nature of accommodation of souls in the space

. Verse 5.16 - The contraction and expansion of the soul

. Verse 5.17 - The medium of motion and the medium of rest

. Verse 5.18 - The function of the space (ākāśa)

. Verse 5.19 - The function of the matter (pudgala)

. Verse 5.20 - Another function of the matter (pudgala)

. Verse 5.21 - The function of the souls (jīva)

. Verse 5.22 - The functions of time (kāla)

. Verse 5.23 - The characteristics of matter (pudgala-lakṣaṇa)

. Verse 5.24 - The modes of the matter (pudgala-paryāya)

. Verse 5.25 - The two divisions of the matter (pudgala)

. Verse 5.26 - The origin of molecules (skandha)

. Verse 5.27 - The origin of the atom (aṇu)

. Verse 5.28 - The perception of molecules (skandha)

. Verse 5.29 - The characteristics of substances (dravya-lakṣaṇa)

. Verse 5.30 - Definition of sat (existence)

. Verse 5.31 - Definition of nitya (permanence)

. Verse 5.32 - Contradictory attributes explained

. Verse 5.33 - Combination of atoms (aṇu)

. Verse 5.34 - Atoms of the lowest degrees of attributes (jaghanya-guṇa)

. Verse 5.35 - Atoms of the the same class (sadṛśa)

. Verse 5.36 - The condition for combination to take place

. Verse 5.37 - The process of combination

. Verse 5.38 - Definition substances (dravya)

. Verse 5.39 - Classification of time as a substance

. Verse 5.40 - The extent of the conventional time (vyavahāra-kāla)

. Verse 5.41 - Definition of guṇa (qualities)

. Verse 5.42 - Definition of pariṇāma (transformation)

+ Chapter 6 - Influx of Karmas

. Verse 6.1 - Classification of Yoga

. Verse 6.2 - Definition of āsrava (influx)

. Verse 6.3 - The two kinds of Karmas (merit and demerit)

. Verse 6.4 - Classification of influx (āsrava)

. Verse 6.5 - Subdivisions of influx of ‘sāmparāyika’ karmas

. Verse 6.6 - The nature of influx (āsrava)

. Verse 6.7 - Definition of adhikaraṇa (substratum)

. Verse 6.8 - The living-substratum (jīva-adhikaraṇa)

. Verse 6.9 - The non-living substratum (ajīva-adhikaraṇa)

. Verse 6.10 - The nature of Knowledge-obscuring and Perception-obscuring Karmas

. Verse 6.11 - The nature of Unpleasant-feeling Karmas

. Verse 6.12 - The nature of Pleasant-feeling Karmas

. Verse 6.13 - The nature of Faith-deluding Karmas

. Verse 6.14 - The nature of Conduct-deluding Karmas

. Verse 6.15 - The nature of Life-Karmas (leading to birth in the infernal regions)

. Verse 6.16 - The nature of Life-Karmas (leading to birth in the animal world)

. Verse 6.17 - The nature of Life-Karmas (leading to birth as a human being)

. Verse 6.18 - The nature of being mild or gentle

. Verse 6.19 - The nature of birth among the four states of existence

. Verse 6.20 - The nature of Life-Karmas (leading to birth as a celestial being)

. Verse 6.21 - Right belief also leads to birth as a heavenly being (vaimānika-deva)

. Verse 6.22 - The nature of Inauspicious Physique-making Karmas

. Verse 6.23 - The nature of Auspicious Physique-making Karmas

. Verse 6.24 - The influx of Tīrthaṅkara name-karma (nāmakarma)

. Verse 6.25 - Influx of Karmas leading to low-status (nīca-gotra)

. Verse 6.26 - Influx of Karmas leading to low-status (ucca-gotra)

. Verse 6.27 - The nature of Obstructive-karmas

+ Chapter 7 - The Five Vows

. Verse 7.1 - Classification of the (fivefold) vow (vrata)

. Verse 7.2 - Subdivisions of the fivefold vow (vrata)

. Verse 7.3 - The five observances (bhāvanā)

. Verse 7.4 - The observances for the vow of non-injury (ahiṃsā)

. Verse 7.5 - The observances for the vow of truthfulness (satya)

. Verse 7.6 - The observances for the vow of non-stealing (acaurya)

. Verse 7.7 - The observances for the vow of chastity (brahmacarya)

. Verse 7.8 - The observances for the vow of non-attachment (aparigraha)

. Verse 7.9 - Contemplations with regard to the opposites

. Verse 7.10 - Contemplations regarding suffering (duḥkha)

. Verse 7.11 - The observances of Benevolence, Joy, Compassion and Tolerance

. Verse 7.12 - Contemplation on the nature of the universe and the body

. Verse 7.13 - Definition of hiṃsā (injury)

. Verse 7.14 - Definition of anṛta (falsehood)

. Verse 7.15 - Definition of steya (stealing)

. Verse 7.16 - Definition of abrahma (unchastity)

. Verse 7.17 - Definition of parigraha (attachment-to-possessions)

. Verse 7.18 - The votary is free from stings (śalya)

. Verse 7.19 - Classification of votaries (vratī)

. Verse 7.20 - Definition of the householder votary (agārī)

. Verse 7.21 - Supplementary vows of the householder with minor-vows

. Verse 7.22 - The practice of dispassionately abandoning one’s body (sallekhanā)

. Verse 7.23 - The five transgressions of the right-believer (samyagdṛṣṭi)

. Verse 7.24 - The transgressions for the vows and the supplementary vows

. Verse 7.25 - The transgressions of the minor vow of non-injury

. Verse 7.26 - The transgressions of the minor vow of truthfulness

. Verse 7.27 - The transgressions of the minor vow of non-stealing

. Verse 7.28 - The transgressions of the minor vow of contentment with one’s wife

. Verse 7.29 - The transgressions of the minor vow of limiting possessions

. Verse 7.30 - The transgressions of Digvirati-vrata (direction-limiting vow)

. Verse 7.31 - The transgressions of Deśavirati-vrata (country-limiting vow)

. Verse 7.32 - The transgressions of Anarthadaṇḍavirati-vrata

. Verse 7.33 - The transgressions of Sāmāyika-vrata

. Verse 7.34 - The transgressions of Proṣadhopavāsa-vrata

. Verse 7.35 - The transgressions of Upabhoga-paribhoga-parimāṇa-vrata

. Verse 7.36 - The transgressions of Atithisaṃvibhāga-vrata

. Verse 7.37 - The transgressions of Sallekhanā

. Verse 7.38 - The nature of charity (tyāga or dāna)

. Verse 7.39 - The distinctions of gifting (dāna)

+ Chapter 8 - Bondage of Karmas

. Verse 8.1 - The causes of bondage (bandha)

. Verse 8.2 - Definition of bondage (bandha)

. Verse 8.3 - The four kinds of bondage (bandha)

. Verse 8.4 - The eight kinds of nature-bondage (prakṛtibandha)

. Verse 8.5 - The subdivisions of the eight main divisions of bondage (bandha)

. Verse 8.6 - The five kinds of knowledge-obscuring karma (jñānāvaraṇa)

. Verse 8.7 - The nine kinds of perception-covering karma (darśanāvaraṇa)

. Verse 8.8 - The two kinds of feeling-producing karma (vedanīya)

. Verse 8.9 - The subdivisions of deluding karma (mohanīya)

. Verse 8.10 - The four kinds of fe-determining karma (āyus)

. Verse 8.11 - The subdivisions of physique-making or name-karma (nāma)

. Verse 8.12 - The two kinds of status-determining karma (gotra)

. Verse 8.13 - The five kinds of obstructive karma (antarāya)

. Verse 8.14 - The maximum duration of the first three types of karmas

. Verse 8.15 - The maximum duration of the deluding karma (mohanīya)

. Verse 8.16 - The maximum duration of name and status-determining karmas

. Verse 8.17 - The maximum duration of life-determining karma (āyus)

. Verse 8.18 - The minimum duration of the feeling-producing karma (vedanīya)

. Verse 8.19 - The minimum duration of the name and status-determining karmas

. Verse 8.20 - The minimum duration of the remaining five kinds of karmas

. Verse 8.21 - The definition of anubhava (fruition)

. Verse 8.22 - The nature of fruition (anubhava)

. Verse 8.23 - The shedding of karmas (nirjarā)

. Verse 8.24 - Description of space-bondage (pradeśa-bandha)

. Verse 8.25 - The types of karmas that constitute merit (puṇya)

. Verse 8.26 - The types of karmas that constitute demerit (pāpa)

+ Chapter 9 - Stoppage and Shedding of Karmas

. Verse 9.1 - Definition of saṃvara (stoppage of karmas)

. Verse 9.2 - The means to attain saṃvara (stoppage of karmas)

. Verse 9.3 - Religious austerity is the cause of both stoppage and dissociation

. Verse 9.4 - Definition of gupti (control)

. Verse 9.5 - The fivefold regulation of activities (samiti)

. Verse 9.6 - The ten virtues (dharma)

. Verse 9.7 - Deep reflections (anuprekṣā)

. Verse 9.8 - Definition of parīṣaha (afflictions)

. Verse 9.9 - The twenty-two kinds of afflications (parīṣaha)

. Verse 9.10 - Fourteen afflictions are possible in stages 10-12

. Verse 9.11 - Eleven afflictions figuratively occur to the Omniscient Jina

. Verse 9.12 - All afflictions are possible in the ascetic with gross passions

. Verse 9.13 - The afflictions caused by the knowledge-covering karmas

. Verse 9.14 - The afflictions caused by the faith-deluding and obstructive karmas

. Verse 9.15 - The afflictions caused by the conduct-deluding karmas

. Verse 9.16 - The afflictions caused by the feeling karmas

. Verse 9.17 - Simultaneous afflictions in a single soul

. Verse 9.18 - The five kinds of conduct (cāritra)

. Verse 9.19 - The six kinds of external austerities (bāhya-tapas)

. Verse 9.20 - The six kinds of internal austerities (ābhyantara-tapa)

. Verse 9.21 - The subdivisions of internal austerities (ābhyantara-tapa)

. Verse 9.22 - The nine subdivisions of expiation (prāyaścitta)

. Verse 9.23 - The four subdivisions of reverence (vinaya)

. Verse 9.24 - The ten subdivisions of respectful service (vaiyāvṛttya)

. Verse 9.25 - The five subdivisions of study (svādhyāya)

. Verse 9.26 - The two subdivisions of renunciation (vyutsarga)

. Verse 9.27 - Definition of meditation (dhyāna)

. Verse 9.28 - The four subdivisions of meditation (dhyāna)

. Verse 9.29 - The causes of liberation

. Verse 9.30 - The first kind of sorrowful meditation (ārta-dhyāna)

. Verse 9.31 - The second kind of sorrowful meditation

. Verse 9.32 - The third kind of sorrowful meditation

. Verse 9.33 - The fourth kind of sorrowful meditation

. Verse 9.34 - The possessors of the four types of sorrowful meditation

. Verse 9.35 - Definition of cruel meditation (raudra-dhyāna)

. Verse 9.36 - The four kinds of virtuous meditation (dharmya-dhyāna)

. Verse 9.37 - The first two types of pure meditation (śukladhyāna)

. Verse 9.38 - The last two types of pure meditation (śukladhyāna)

. Verse 9.39 - The four types of pure meditation (śukladhyāna)

. Verse 9.40 - The support of the four kinds of pure meditation

. Verse 9.41 - Definition of Pṛthaktvavitarka and Ekatvavitarka

. Verse 9.42 - Ekatvavitarka is free from shifting (vīcāra)

. Verse 9.43 - Vitarka is scriptural knowledge

. Verse 9.44 - Definition of vīcāra (shifting)

. Verse 9.45 - The nature of nirjarā (dissociation of karmas)

. Verse 9.46 - Different categories of saints (nirgrantha)

. Verse 9.47 - Differences among the five kinds of saints

+ Chapter 10 - Liberation

. Verse 10.1 - Attainment of omniscience (kevalajñāna)

. Verse 10.2 - The annihilation of all karmas is liberation (mokṣa)

. Verse 10.3 - Destruction of the dispositions (bhāva)

. Verse 10.4 - Exception to the rule of destruction or absence

. Verse 10.5 - The end of the universe (lokānta)

. Verse 10.6 - The reason for the soul moving upwards

. Verse 10.7 - Illustration for the upward motion of the soul

. Verse 10.8 - The end of the universe has no medium of motion (dharmāstikāya)

. Verse 10.9 - Thirteen types of questioning regarding liberated souls

Eulogy (praśasti)

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Last Updated: 30 November, 2021

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