Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.14.551
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.331:
यदा त्वाश्रयभेदेन भेद एव प्रतीयते ।
आकृतेर्द्रव्यपक्षेण तदा भेदो न विद्यते ॥ ३३१ ॥yadā tvāśrayabhedena bheda eva pratīyate |
ākṛterdravyapakṣeṇa tadā bhedo na vidyate || 331 ||331. The suffix vati in the sense of deserving is already taught by the two previous rules, provided that one adopts another explanatory sentence. One of them is given as an illustration.
Commentary
Now something is going to be said about P. 5.1.117.
[Read verse 551 above]
[Rājānam arhati vṛttam = rājavad vṛttam. This has been given as an example of the suffix vati taught by P. 5.1.117. In this rule, the word kriyā has to be brought from P. 5.1.115. So the suffix vati is added to a word ending in the second case-affix in the sense of the agent of the action ol deserving, when the agent also is an action. The suffix is added when the agent of the action of deserving, that is, of being worthy (arhati) is the action of behaving, that is, conducting oneself. Rājānam arhati vṛttam means behaving, conducting oneself, in a manner worthy of a king. This idea is understood even when rājavad vṛttam is explained as follows—rājñā tulyaṃ vartate = he behaves like a king. If that is so, the suffix vati can be explained by P. 5.1.115. In expressions like rājavad dhairyam in the sense of rājānam arhati dhairyam or brāhmaṇavad upaśamaḥ in the sense of brāhmaṇam arhaty upaśamaḥ, the suffix vati can be explained by P. 5.1.116 As in these two expressions, the resemblance is not in action P. 5.1.115 cannot apply. To say that the courage (dhairya) of somebody is worthy of a king is equal to saying that his courage is like that of a king. The difference is only in the explanatory sentence and not in the facts. When the Bhāṣya says that the vati can be explained by P. 5.1.115, it is only an illustration. All that is meant is that the vati taught by P. 5.1.117 can come by other sūtras and P. 5.1.115. is mentioned as an illustration. It can come by P. 5.1.116 also.]